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Das R, Pandey DK, Soumyashree S, P M, Nimma V, Bhardwaj P, K M MS, Singh DK, Kushawaha RK. Strong-field ionization of CH 3Cl: proton migration and association. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:18306-18320. [PMID: 35880610 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02494b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Strong-field ionization of CH3Cl using femtosecond laser pulses, and the subsequent two-body dissociation of CH3Cl2+ along Hn+ (n = 1-3) and HCl+ forming pathways, have been experimentally studied in a home-built COLTRIMS (cold target recoil ion momentum spectrometer) setup. The single ionization rate of CH3Cl was obtained experimentally by varying the laser intensity from 1.6 × 1013 W cm-2 to 2.4 × 1014 W cm-2 and fitted with the rate obtained using the MO-ADK model. Additionally, the yield of Hn+ ions resulting from the dissociation of all charge states of CH3Cl was determined as a function of intensity and pulse duration (and chirp). Next, we identified four two-body breakup pathways of CH3Cl2+, which are H+ + CH2Cl+, H2+ + CHCl+, H3+ + CCl+, and CH2+ + HCl+, using photoion-photoion coincidence. The yields of the four pathways were found to decrease on increasing the intensity from I = 4.2 × 1013 W cm-2 to 2I = 8.5 × 1013 W cm-2, which was attributed to enhanced ionization of the dication before it can dissociate. As a function of pulse duration (and chirp), the Hn+ forming pathways were suppressed, while the HCl+ forming pathway was enhanced. To understand the excited state dynamics of the CH3Cl dication, which controls the outcome of dissociation, we obtained the total kinetic energy release distributions of the pathways and the two-dimensional coincidence momentum images and angular distributions of the fragments. We inferred that the Hn+ forming pathways originate from the dissociation of CH3Cl dications from weakly attractive metastable excited states having a long dissociation time, while for the HCl+ forming pathway, the dication dissociates from repulsive states and therefore, undergoes rapid dissociation. Finally, quantum chemical calculations have been performed to understand the intramolecular proton migration and dissociation of the CH3Cl dication along the pathways mentioned above. Our study explains the mechanism of Hn+ and HCl+ formation and confirms that intensity and pulse duration can serve as parameters to influence the excited state dynamics and hence, the outcome of the two-body dissociation of CH3Cl2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Das
- Physical Research Laboratory Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009, India.
| | - Deepak K Pandey
- Department of Basic Sciences, Institute of Infrastructure Technology Research And Management, Ahmedabad-380026, India.
| | | | - Madhusudhan P
- Physical Research Laboratory Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009, India.
| | - Vinitha Nimma
- Physical Research Laboratory Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009, India.
| | - Pranav Bhardwaj
- Physical Research Laboratory Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009, India.
| | | | - Dheeraj K Singh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Institute of Infrastructure Technology Research And Management, Ahmedabad-380026, India.
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Caballo A, Huits AJTM, Vredenborg A, Balster M, Parker DH, Horke DA. Femtosecond 2 + 1 Resonance-Enhanced Multiphoton Ionization Spectroscopy of the C-State in Molecular Oxygen. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:9060-9064. [PMID: 34633817 PMCID: PMC8543444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c05541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
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Coincidence electron-cation
imaging is used to characterize the
multiphoton ionization of O2 via the v = 4,5 levels of the 3s(3Πg) Rydberg
state. A tunable 100 fs laser beam operating in the 271–263
nm region is found to cause a nonresonant ionization across this wavelength
range, with an additional resonant ionization channel only observed
when tuned to the 3Πg(v = 5) level. A distinct 3s → p wave character is observed
in the photoelectron angular distribution for the v = 5 channel when on resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Caballo
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heijendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anders J T M Huits
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heijendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arno Vredenborg
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heijendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Balster
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heijendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - David H Parker
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heijendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel A Horke
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heijendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Rafiee Fanood MM, Janssen MHM, Powis I. Wavelength dependent photoelectron circular dichroism of limonene studied by femtosecond multiphoton laser ionization and electron-ion coincidence imaging. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:124320. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4963229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maurice H. M. Janssen
- LaserLaB Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivan Powis
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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Boesl U, Kartouzian A. Mass-Selective Chiral Analysis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2016; 9:343-364. [PMID: 27070181 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Three ways of realizing mass-selective chiral analysis are reviewed. The first is based on the formation of diastereomers that are of homo- and hetero- type with respect to the enantiomers of involved chiral molecules. This way is quite well-established with numerous applications. The other two ways are more recent developments, both based on circular dichroism (CD). In one, conventional or nonlinear electronic CD is linked to mass spectrometry (MS) by resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization. The other is based on CD in the angular distribution of photoelectrons, which is measured in combination with MS via photoion photoelectron coincidence. Among the many important applications of mass-selective chiral analysis, this review focuses on its use as an analytical tool for the development of heterogeneous enantioselective chemical catalysis. There exist other approaches to combine chiral analysis and mass-selective detection, such as chiral chromatography MS, which are not discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Boesl
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching, Germany; ,
| | - Aras Kartouzian
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching, Germany; ,
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Fanood MMR, Ram NB, Lehmann CS, Powis I, Janssen MHM. Enantiomer-specific analysis of multi-component mixtures by correlated electron imaging-ion mass spectrometry. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7511. [PMID: 26104140 PMCID: PMC4491818 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous, enantiomer-specific identification of chiral molecules in multi-component mixtures is extremely challenging. Many established techniques for single-component analysis fail to provide selectivity in multi-component mixtures and lack sensitivity for dilute samples. Here we show how enantiomers may be differentiated by mass-selected photoelectron circular dichroism using an electron-ion coincidence imaging spectrometer. As proof of concept, vapours containing ∼1% of two chiral monoterpene molecules, limonene and camphor, are irradiated by a circularly polarized femtosecond laser, resulting in multiphoton near-threshold ionization with little molecular fragmentation. Large chiral asymmetries (2-4%) are observed in the mass-tagged photoelectron angular distributions. These asymmetries switch sign according to the handedness (R- or S-) of the enantiomer in the mixture and scale with enantiomeric excess of a component. The results demonstrate that mass spectrometric identification of mixtures of chiral molecules and quantitative determination of enantiomeric excess can be achieved in a table-top instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Rafiee Fanood
- LaserLaB Amsterdam and Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - N Bhargava Ram
- LaserLaB Amsterdam and Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - C Stefan Lehmann
- LaserLaB Amsterdam and Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Ivan Powis
- School of Chemistry, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Maurice H M Janssen
- LaserLaB Amsterdam and Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
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Meng C, Janssen MHM. Measurement of the density profile of pure and seeded molecular beams by femtosecond ion imaging. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:023110. [PMID: 25725826 DOI: 10.1063/1.4913251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report on femtosecond ion imaging experiments to measure the density profile of a pulsed supersonic molecular beam. Ion images are measured for both a molecular beam and bulk gas under identical experimental conditions via femtosecond multiphoton ionization of Xe atoms. We report the density profile of the molecular beam, and the measured absolute density is compared with theoretical calculations of the centre line beam density. Subsequently, we discuss reasons accounting for the differences between measurements and calculations and propose that strong skimmer interference is the most probable cause for the differences. Furthermore, we report on experiments measuring the centre line density of seeded supersonic beams. The femtosecond ion images show that seeding the heavy Xe atom at low relative seed fractions (1%-10%) in a light carrier gas like Ne results in strong relative enhancements of up to two orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congsen Meng
- LaserLaB Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maurice H M Janssen
- LaserLaB Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Hydrogen Migration in Intense Laser Fields: Analysis and Control in Concert. SPRINGER SERIES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-06731-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Rafiee Fanood MM, Janssen MHM, Powis I. Enantioselective femtosecond laser photoionization spectrometry of limonene using photoelectron circular dichroism. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:8614-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00583c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Circularly polarized, femtosecond laser multiphoton ionization can clearly distinguish between the enantiomers of limonene from a 4% chiral asymmetry in the photoelectron angular distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ivan Powis
- School of Chemistry
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham NG7 2RD
- UK
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9
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Photoelectron Circular Dichroism of Bicyclic Ketones from Multiphoton Ionization with Femtosecond Laser Pulses. Chemphyschem 2014; 16:115-37. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Rafiee Fanood MM, Powis I, Janssen MHM. Chiral Asymmetry in the Multiphoton Ionization of Methyloxirane Using Femtosecond Electron–Ion Coincidence Imaging. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:11541-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5113125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan Powis
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Maurice H. M. Janssen
- LaserLaB
Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Control of ultrafast molecular photodissociation by laser-field-induced potentials. Nat Chem 2014; 6:785-90. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Janssen MHM, Powis I. Detecting chirality in molecules by imaging photoelectron circular dichroism. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:856-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53741b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Lehmann CS, Ram NB, Powis I, Janssen MHM. Imaging photoelectron circular dichroism of chiral molecules by femtosecond multiphoton coincidence detection. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:234307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4844295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Garcia GA, Cunha de Miranda BK, Tia M, Daly S, Nahon L. DELICIOUS III: a multipurpose double imaging particle coincidence spectrometer for gas phase vacuum ultraviolet photodynamics studies. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:053112. [PMID: 23742537 DOI: 10.1063/1.4807751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We present a versatile double imaging particle coincidence spectrometer operating in fully continuous mode, named DELICIOUS III, which combines a velocity map imaging device and a modified Wiley-McLaren time of flight momentum imaging analyzer for photoelectrons and photoions, respectively. The spectrometer is installed in a permanent endstation on the DESIRS vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) beamline at the French National Synchrotron Radiation Facility SOLEIL, and is dedicated to gas phase VUV spectroscopy, photoionization, and molecular dynamics studies. DELICIOUS III is capable of recording mass-selected threshold photoelectron photoion coincidence spectra with a sub-meV resolution, and the addition of a magnifying lens inside the electron drift tube provides a sizeable improvement of the electron threshold/ion mass resolution compromise. In fast electron mode the ultimate kinetic energy resolution has been measured at ΔE/E = 4%. The ion spectrometer offers a mass resolution--full separation of adjacent masses--of 250 amu for moderate extraction fields and the addition of an electrostatic lens in the second acceleration region allows measuring the full 3D velocity vector for a given mass with an ultimate energy resolution of ΔE/E = 15%, without sacrificing the mass resolution. Hence, photoelectron images are correlated both to the mass and to the ion kinetic energy and recoil direction, to access the electron spectroscopy of size-selected species, to study the photodissociation processes of state-selected cations in detail, or to measure in certain cases photoelectron angular distributions in the ion recoil frame. The performances of DELICIOUS III are explored through several examples including the photoionization of N2, NO, and CF3.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Garcia
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, St. Aubin BP 48, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France.
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Wollenhaupt M, Lux C, Krug M, Baumert T. Tomographic Reconstruction of Designer Free-Electron Wave Packets. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:1341-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201200968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Bhargava Ram N, Lehmann CS, Janssen MHM. Probing chirality with a femtosecond reaction microscope. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20134102029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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17
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Lehmann CS, Ram NB, Janssen MHM. Velocity map photoelectron-photoion coincidence imaging on a single detector. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2012; 83:093103. [PMID: 23020358 DOI: 10.1063/1.4749843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Here we report on a new simplified setup for velocity map photoelectron-photoion coincidence imaging using only a single particle detector. We show that both photoelectrons and photoions can be extracted toward the same micro-channel-plate delay line detector by fast switching of the high voltages on the ion optics. This single detector setup retains essentially all the features of a standard two-detector coincidence imaging setup, viz., the high spatial resolution for electron and ion imaging, while only slightly decreasing the ion time-of-flight mass resolution. The new setup paves the way to a significant cost reduction in building a coincidence imaging setup for experiments aiming to obtain the complete correlated three-dimensional momentum distribution of electrons and ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Stefan Lehmann
- LaserLaB Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Stefan Lehmann C, Bhargava Ram N, Irimia D, Janssen MHM. Photoelectron photoion coincidence imaging of ultrafast control in multichannel molecular dynamics. Faraday Discuss 2011; 153:173-87; discussion 189-212. [DOI: 10.1039/c1fd00047k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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