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Shen T, Xiao D, Deng Z, Wang S, An L, Song M, Zhang Q, Zhao T, Gong M, Wang D. Stabilizing Diluted Active Sites of Ultrasmall High-Entropy Intermetallics for Efficient Formic Acid Electrooxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403260. [PMID: 38503695 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The poisoning of undesired intermediates or impurities greatly hinders the catalytic performances of noble metal-based catalysts. Herein, high-entropy intermetallics i-(PtPdIrRu)2FeCu (HEI) are constructed to inhibit the strongly adsorbed carbon monoxide intermediates (CO*) during the formic acid oxidation reaction. As probed by multiple-scaled structural characterizations, HEI nanoparticles are featured with partially negative Pt oxidation states, diluted Pt/Pd/Ir/Ru atomic sites and ultrasmall average size less than 2 nm. Benefiting from the optimized structures, HEI nanoparticles deliver more than 10 times promotion in intrinsic activity than that of pure Pt, and well-enhanced mass activity/durability than that of ternary i-Pt2FeCu intermetallics counterpart. In situ infrared spectroscopy manifests that both bridge and top CO* are favored on pure Pt but limited on HEI. Further theoretical elaboration indicates that HEI displayed a much weaker binding of CO* on Pt sites and sluggish diffusion of CO* among different sites, in contrast to pure Pt that CO* bound more strongly and was easy to diffuse on larger Pt atomic ensembles. This work verifies that HEIs are promising catalysts via integrating the merits of intermetallics and high-entropy alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhiping Deng
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Lulu An
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Min Song
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Tonghui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Mingxing Gong
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Deli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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2
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Chen Y, Xu Z, Chen GZ. Nano-Scale Engineering of Heterojunction for Alkaline Water Electrolysis. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 17:199. [PMID: 38204052 PMCID: PMC10779737 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Alkaline water electrolysis is promising for low-cost and scalable hydrogen production. Renewable energy-driven alkaline water electrolysis requires highly effective electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, the most active electrocatalysts show orders of magnitude lower performance in alkaline electrolytes than that in acidic ones. To improve such catalysts, heterojunction engineering has been exploited as the most efficient strategy to overcome the activity limitations of the single component in the catalyst. In this review, the basic knowledge of alkaline water electrolysis and the catalytic mechanisms of heterojunctions are introduced. In the HER mechanisms, the ensemble effect emphasizes the multi-sites of different components to accelerate the various intermedium reactions, while the electronic effect refers to the d-band center theory associated with the adsorption and desorption energies of the intermediate products and catalyst. For the OER with multi-electron transfer, a scaling relation was established: the free energy difference between HOO* and HO* is 3.2 eV, which can be overcome by electrocatalysts with heterojunctions. The development of electrocatalysts with heterojunctions are summarized. Typically, Ni(OH)2/Pt, Ni/NiN3 and MoP/MoS2 are HER electrocatalysts, while Ir/Co(OH)2, NiFe(OH)x/FeS and Co9S8/Ni3S2 are OER ones. Last but not the least, the trend of future research is discussed, from an industry perspective, in terms of decreasing the number of noble metals, achieving more stable heterojunctions for longer service, adopting new craft technologies such as 3D printing and exploring revolutionary alternate alkaline water electrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Faculty of Materials, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Zhenbo Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Faculty of Materials, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - George Zheng Chen
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG2 7RD, UK
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3
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da Silva KN, Soffiati G, da Silva EZ, San-Miguel MA, Sitta E. Using the site-knockout strategy to understand the low activity of the nitrate electro-reduction reaction on Pt(111). NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01773c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
While nitrite reduction proceeds on surfaces with less than three contiguous Pt(111)-sites, the nitrate reduction is inhibited on these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaline Nascimento da Silva
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, km 235, Sao Carlos, 13565-905, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00560, Finland
| | - Gabriela Soffiati
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, ZIP code 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Edison Z. da Silva
- Institute of Physics “Gleb Wataghin”, State University of Campinas, 13083-859, Campinas - SP, Brazil
| | - Miguel Angel San-Miguel
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, ZIP code 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Elton Sitta
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, km 235, Sao Carlos, 13565-905, Brazil
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4
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Sebastián-Pascual P, Jordão Pereira I, Escudero-Escribano M. Tailored electrocatalysts by controlled electrochemical deposition and surface nanostructuring. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:13261-13272. [PMID: 33104137 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06099b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Controlled electrodeposition and surface nanostructuring are very promising approaches to tailor the structure of the electrocatalyst surface, with the aim to enhance their efficiency for sustainable energy conversion reactions. In this highlight, we first summarise different strategies to modify the structure of the electrode surface at the atomic and sub-monolayer level for applications in electrocatalysis. We discuss aspects such as structure sensitivity and electronic and geometric effects in electrocatalysis. Nanostructured surfaces are finally introduced as more scalable electrocatalysts, where morphology, cluster size, shape and distribution play an essential role and can be finely tuned. Controlled electrochemical deposition and selective engineering of the surface structure are key to design more active, selective and stable electrocatalysts towards a decarbonised energy scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Sebastián-Pascual
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Inês Jordão Pereira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - María Escudero-Escribano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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5
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Cabello G, Davoglio RA, Marco JF, Cuesta A. Probing electronic and atomic ensembles effects on PtAu3 nanoparticles with CO adsorption and electrooxidation. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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6
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Betts A, Briega-Martos V, Cuesta A, Herrero E. Adsorbed Formate is the Last Common Intermediate in the Dual-Path Mechanism of the Electrooxidation of Formic Acid. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Betts
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural and Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen, AB24 3UE Scotland, U.K
| | - Valentín Briega-Martos
- Instituto de Electroquimı́ca, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Angel Cuesta
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural and Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen, AB24 3UE Scotland, U.K
| | - Enrique Herrero
- Instituto de Electroquimı́ca, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
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7
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Sarabia FJ, Climent V, Feliu JM. Interfacial Study of Nickel-Modified Pt(111) Surfaces in Phosphate-Containing Solutions: Effect on the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:3056-3066. [PMID: 31294504 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The surface modification of electrodes attracts great interest in electrocatalysis. It has often been observed that deposition of foreign adatoms on the surface of an electrode can originate a significant enhancement in the catalytic activity. For example, it has been reported that nickel deposits on Pt surfaces improve the rate of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER, Nature Energy 2017, 2, 17031). During the deposition process of such metal adlayers, the pH and the nature of the ions in the electrolyte play an important role. Phosphate species are typically used to prepare buffer solutions in a wide range of pH. Therefore, electrolytes containing phosphate species are used in a large number of applications. However, the effect of phosphate on platinum surface modification with nickel deposits has not been studied yet. In this work, new data about the interaction of phosphate with nickel adatoms deposited on Pt(111) at pH 5 is investigated using cyclic voltammetry and infrared spectroscopy. The results show that, when nickel is in solution, the phosphate ions are adsorbed at lower potentials than in the absence of nickel. In addition, Laser-Induced Temperature Jump Technique demonstrates that nickel facilitates the adsorption of phosphate because of a shift of the potential of zero charge (pzc) toward negative potentials. This increases the magnitude of the positive electric field on the electrode surface, at a given potential E>pzc, facilitating the adsorption of anions. CO displacement technique has been also employed to obtain additional information about co-adsorbed phosphate on nickel adlayers. Finally, the HER has been studied at pH 5 in the presence of nickel, with and without phosphate in the bulk solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Sarabia
- Instituto Universitario de Electroquímica, Universidad de Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, E-03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Víctor Climent
- Instituto Universitario de Electroquímica, Universidad de Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, E-03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Juan M Feliu
- Instituto Universitario de Electroquímica, Universidad de Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, E-03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
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8
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Sebastián‐Pascual P, Mezzavilla S, Stephens IEL, Escudero‐Escribano M. Structure‐Sensitivity and Electrolyte Effects in CO
2
Electroreduction: From Model Studies to Applications. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Sebastián‐Pascual
- Department of ChemistryNano-Science CenterUniversity of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Stefano Mezzavilla
- Department of MaterialsImperial College LondonRoyal School of Mines Prince Consort Rd London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Ifan E. L. Stephens
- Department of MaterialsImperial College LondonRoyal School of Mines Prince Consort Rd London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - María Escudero‐Escribano
- Department of ChemistryNano-Science CenterUniversity of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
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9
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Petrii OA. The Progress in Understanding the Mechanisms of Methanol and Formic Acid Electrooxidation on Platinum Group Metals (a Review). RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193519010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Farias MJS, Feliu JM. Determination of Specific Electrocatalytic Sites in the Oxidation of Small Molecules on Crystalline Metal Surfaces. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2019; 377:5. [PMID: 30631969 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-018-0228-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The identification of active sites in electrocatalytic reactions is part of the elucidation of mechanisms of catalyzed reactions on solid surfaces. However, this is not an easy task, even for apparently simple reactions, as we sometimes think the oxidation of adsorbed CO is. For surfaces consisting of non-equivalent sites, the recognition of specific active sites must consider the influence that facets, as is the steps/defect on the surface of the catalyst, cause in its neighbors; one has to consider the electrochemical environment under which the "active sites" lie on the surface, meaning that defects/steps on the surface do not partake in chemistry by themselves. In this paper, we outline the recent efforts in understanding the close relationships between site-specific and the overall rate and/or selectivity of electrocatalytic reactions. We analyze hydrogen adsorption/desorption, and electro-oxidation of CO, methanol, and ammonia. The classical topic of asymmetric electrocatalysis on kinked surfaces is also addressed for glucose electro-oxidation. The article takes into account selected existing data combined with our original works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel J S Farias
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966, São Luís, Maranhão, CEP 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Juan M Feliu
- Instituto de Electroquímica, Universidad de Alicante Ap. 99, E-03080, Alicante, Spain.
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11
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Kwon HC, Kim M, Grote JP, Cho SJ, Chung MW, Kim H, Won DH, Zeradjanin AR, Mayrhofer KJJ, Choi M, Kim H, Choi CH. Carbon Monoxide as a Promoter of Atomically Dispersed Platinum Catalyst in Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:16198-16205. [PMID: 30383962 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide is widely known to poison Pt during heterogeneous catalysis owing to its strong donor-acceptor binding ability. Herein, we report a counterintuitive phenomenon of this general paradigm when the size of Pt decreases to an atomic level, namely, the CO-promoting Pt electrocatalysis toward hydrogen evolution reactions (HER). Compared to pristine atomic Pt catalyst, reduction current on a CO-modified catalyst increases significantly. Operando mass spectroscopy and electrochemical analyses demonstrate that the increased current arises due to enhanced H2 evolution, not additional CO reduction. Through structural identification of catalytic sites and computational analysis, we conclude that CO-ligation on the atomic Pt facilitates Hads formation via water dissociation. This counterintuitive effect exemplifies the fully distinct characteristics of atomic Pt catalysts from those of bulk Pt, and offers new insights for tuning the activity of similar classes of catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chang Kwon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Kim
- Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jan-Philipp Grote
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH , Max-Planck-Strasse 1 , 40237 Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Sung June Cho
- Department of Applied Chemical Engineering , Chonnam National University , Gwangju 61186 , Republic of Korea
| | - Min Wook Chung
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea
| | - Haesol Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hye Won
- Clean Energy Research Center , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792 , Republic of Korea
| | - Aleksandar R Zeradjanin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH , Max-Planck-Strasse 1 , 40237 Düsseldorf , Germany.,Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy , Forschungszentrum Jülich , Egerlandstrasse 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Karl J J Mayrhofer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH , Max-Planck-Strasse 1 , 40237 Düsseldorf , Germany.,Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy , Forschungszentrum Jülich , Egerlandstrasse 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstrasse 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Minkee Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyuck Choi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea
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12
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13
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Electrochemical characterization and regeneration of sulfur poisoned Pt catalysts in aqueous media. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Covalent Triazine-based Frameworks-Tailor-made Catalysts and Catalyst Supports for Molecular and Nanoparticulate Species. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Gao L, Chen S, Cai R, Zhao Q, Zhao X, Yang D. DUT-58 (Co) Derived Synthesis of Co Clusters as Efficient Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalyst for Zinc-Air Battery. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2018; 2:1700086. [PMID: 31565303 PMCID: PMC6607359 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.201700086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To meet the requirement of fuel cells and metal-air batteries, non-noble metal catalysts have to be developed to replace precious platinum-based catalysts. Herein, Co nanoclusters (≈2 nm) are anchored on nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (Co/N-r-GO) by using DUT-58 (Co) metal-organic framework and GO as precursors. Compared with single-atom catalysts usually with ultralow concentration (<0.5 wt%), Co nanoclusters are more beneficial to break the O-O bond to ensure four electronic way for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), since they can provide more adsorption centers for reactants. Therefore, as expected, the sample with 6.67 wt% Co content (Co/N-r-GO-5%-850) exhibits better ORR activity with a higher half-wave potential of 0.831 V, a more positive onset potential of 0.921 V than Pt/C, and a comparable limiting current density in alkaline medium. The Co nanoclusters enhance the catalytic performance for ORR in three aspects: quantum size effects, metal-support interactions, and low-coordination environment of metal centers. Furthermore, the sample is assembled into a zinc-air battery as the outstanding durable ORR catalyst. It displays a higher specific capacity (795 mAh g-1 at the current density 50 mA cm-2) and power density (175 mW cm-2) than Pt/C (731 mAh g-1 and 164 mW cm-2, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Gao
- School of Environmental Science and EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass FibersMaterials and Textiles of Shandong ProvinceQingdao UniversityQingdao266071P. R. China
| | - Shuai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion Institute of Coal ChemistryChinese Academy of ScienceTaiyuan030001P. R. China
| | - Rongsheng Cai
- Nanoscale Physics Research LaboratorySchool of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Quansheng Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass FibersMaterials and Textiles of Shandong ProvinceQingdao UniversityQingdao266071P. R. China
| | - Xiaoliang Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass FibersMaterials and Textiles of Shandong ProvinceQingdao UniversityQingdao266071P. R. China
| | - Dongjiang Yang
- School of Environmental Science and EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass FibersMaterials and Textiles of Shandong ProvinceQingdao UniversityQingdao266071P. R. China
- Queensland Micro‐ and Nanotechnology Centre and School of Natural SciencesGriffith UniversityNathanBrisbaneQLD4111Australia
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16
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New Platinum Alloy Catalysts for Oxygen Electroreduction Based on Alkaline Earth Metals. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-017-0375-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Pt-Au Nanoparticles with Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity for the Oxidation of Formic Acid. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Wang Y, Mohamedi M. Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemical Activity of Laser Co-deposited Pt-MnO2-Decorated Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites. ChemElectroChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201600477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youling Wang
- Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS); 1650 Boulevard Lionel Boulet Varennes Québec J3X 1S2 Canada
| | - Mohamed Mohamedi
- Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS); 1650 Boulevard Lionel Boulet Varennes Québec J3X 1S2 Canada
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19
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Liuzzi D, Pérez-Alonso FJ, García-García FJ, Calle-Vallejo F, Fierro JLG, Rojas S. Identifying the time-dependent predominance regimes of step and terrace sites for the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis on ruthenium based catalysts. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cy00476h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two types of active sites for CO dissociation exist in Ru particles. Step-edge sites deactivate during reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Liuzzi
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica
- Madrid
- Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Sergio Rojas
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica
- Madrid
- Spain
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20
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Yang S, Kim J, Tak YJ, Soon A, Lee H. Single-Atom Catalyst of Platinum Supported on Titanium Nitride for Selective Electrochemical Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:2058-62. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 565] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sungeun Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology; 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwhan Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology; 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Tak
- Department of Material Science and Engineering; Yonsei University; 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Aloysius Soon
- Department of Material Science and Engineering; Yonsei University; 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology; 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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21
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Yang S, Kim J, Tak YJ, Soon A, Lee H. Single-Atom Catalyst of Platinum Supported on Titanium Nitride for Selective Electrochemical Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201509241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sungeun Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology; 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwhan Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology; 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Tak
- Department of Material Science and Engineering; Yonsei University; 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Aloysius Soon
- Department of Material Science and Engineering; Yonsei University; 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology; 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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22
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Atkinson RW, St. John S, Dyck O, Unocic KA, Unocic RR, Burke CS, Cisco JW, Rice CA, Zawodzinski TA, Papandrew AB. Supportless, Bismuth-Modified Palladium Nanotubes with Improved Activity and Stability for Formic Acid Oxidation. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b01239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert W. Atkinson
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Samuel St. John
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Ondrej Dyck
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Kinga A. Unocic
- Materials
Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Raymond R. Unocic
- Center
for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Colten S. Burke
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, Tennessee 38505, United States
| | - Joshua W. Cisco
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, Tennessee 38505, United States
| | - Cynthia A. Rice
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, Tennessee 38505, United States
- Center
for Manufacturing Research, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, Tennessee 38505, United States
| | - Thomas A. Zawodzinski
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Materials
Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Alexander B. Papandrew
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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23
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Chung DY, Kim HI, Chung YH, Lee MJ, Yoo SJ, Bokare AD, Choi W, Sung YE. Inhibition of CO poisoning on Pt catalyst coupled with the reduction of toxic hexavalent chromium in a dual-functional fuel cell. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7450. [PMID: 25502744 PMCID: PMC4264001 DOI: 10.1038/srep07450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a method to enhance the fuel cell efficiency with the simultaneous removal of toxic heavy metal ions. Carbon monoxide (CO), an intermediate of methanol oxidation that is primarily responsible for Pt catalyst deactivation, can be used as an in-situ reducing agent for hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) with reactivating the CO-poisoned Pt catalyst. Using electro-oxidation measurements, the oxidation of adsorbed CO molecules coupled with the concurrent conversion of Cr (VI) to Cr (III) was confirmed. This concept was also successfully applied to a methanol fuel cell to enhance its performance efficiency and to remove toxic Cr (VI) at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Young Chung
- 1] Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea [2] School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-il Kim
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Chung
- Fuel cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Jae Lee
- 1] Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea [2] School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jong Yoo
- Fuel cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Alok D Bokare
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonyong Choi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Eun Sung
- 1] Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea [2] School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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24
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Platinum-modified covalent triazine frameworks hybridized with carbon nanoparticles as methanol-tolerant oxygen reduction electrocatalysts. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5040. [PMID: 25242214 PMCID: PMC4199112 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Covalent triazine frameworks, which are crosslinked porous polymers with two-dimensional molecular structures, are promising materials for heterogeneous catalysts. However, the application of the frameworks as electrocatalysts has not been achieved to date because of their poor electrical conductivity. Here we report that platinum-modified covalent triazine frameworks hybridized with conductive carbon nanoparticles are successfully synthesized by introducing carbon nanoparticles during the polymerization process of covalent triazine frameworks. The resulting materials exhibit clear electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reactions in acidic solutions. More interestingly, the platinum-modified covalent triazine frameworks show almost no activity for methanol oxidation, in contrast to commercial carbon-supported platinum. Thus, platinum-modified covalent triazine frameworks hybridized with carbon nanoparticles exhibit selective activity for oxygen reduction reactions even in the presence of high concentrations of methanol, which indicates potential utility as a cathode catalyst in direct methanol fuel cells. Covalent triazine frameworks are known catalysts for some catalytic reactions, but show no electrocatalytic activity. Here, the authors synthesize platinum modified covalent triazine frameworks hybridized with carbon nanoparticles, which are electro-active for oxygen reduction reactions.
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25
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26
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Gunji T, Saravanan G, Tanabe T, Tsuda T, Miyauchi M, Kobayashi G, Abe H, Matsumoto F. Long-term, stable, and improved oxygen-reduction performance of titania-supported PtPb nanoparticles. Catal Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cy01112g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anatase-type titania-supported intermetallic PtPb nanoparticles synthesized through a wet-chemical route showed a long-term, stable, and improved oxygen reduction reaction performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Gunji
- Department of Material and Life Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering
- Kanagawa University
- Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
| | - Govindachetty Saravanan
- Department of Material and Life Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering
- Kanagawa University
- Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI)
| | | | - Takashi Tsuda
- Department of Material and Life Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering
- Kanagawa University
- Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
| | - Masahiro Miyauchi
- Department of Metallurgy and Ceramics Science
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Genki Kobayashi
- Department of Material and Life Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering
- Kanagawa University
- Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
| | - Hideki Abe
- Department of Material and Life Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering
- Kanagawa University
- Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
- National Institute for Materials Science
| | - Futoshi Matsumoto
- Department of Material and Life Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering
- Kanagawa University
- Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
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27
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Moghaddam RB, Pickup PG. Influences of aniline, carbazole, indole, and pyrrole monomers and polymers on formic acid oxidation at Pt electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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28
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Figueiredo MC, Solla-Gullón J, Vidal-Iglesias FJ, Climent V, Feliu JM. Nitrate reduction at Pt(100) single crystals and preferentially oriented nanoparticles in neutral media. Catal Today 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2012.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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29
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Katsounaros I, Schneider WB, Meier JC, Benedikt U, Biedermann PU, Cuesta A, Auer AA, Mayrhofer KJJ. The impact of spectator species on the interaction of H2O2 with platinum – implications for the oxygen reduction reaction pathways. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:8058-68. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50649e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Meher SK, Rao GR. Polymer-Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis of Highly Reducible Shuttle-Shaped CeO2: Microstructural Effect on Promoting Pt/C for Methanol Electrooxidation. ACS Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/cs300473e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumanta Kumar Meher
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - G. Ranga Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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31
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Escudero-Escribano M, Soldano GJ, Quaino P, Zoloff Michoff ME, Leiva EP, Schmickler W, Cuesta Á. Cyanide-modified Pt(111): Structure, stability and hydrogen adsorption. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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32
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Slanac DA, Hardin WG, Johnston KP, Stevenson KJ. Atomic ensemble and electronic effects in Ag-rich AgPd nanoalloy catalysts for oxygen reduction in alkaline media. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:9812-9. [PMID: 22594532 DOI: 10.1021/ja303580b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The ability to design and characterize uniform, bimetallic alloy nanoparticles, where the less active metal enhances the activity of the more active metal, would be of broad interest in catalysis. Herein, we demonstrate that simultaneous reduction of Ag and Pd precursors provides uniform, Ag-rich AgPd alloy nanoparticles (~5 nm) with high activities for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media. The particles are crystalline and uniformly alloyed, as shown by X-ray diffraction and probe corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy. The ORR mass activity per total metal was 60% higher for the AgPd(2) alloy relative to pure Pd. The mass activities were 2.7 and 3.2 times higher for Ag(9)Pd (340 mA/mg(metal)) and Ag(4)Pd (598 mA/mg(metal)), respectively, than those expected for a linear combination of mass activities of Ag (60 mA/mg(Ag)) and Pd (799 mA/mg(Pd)) particles, based on rotating disk voltammetry. Moreover, these synergy factors reached 5-fold on a Pd mass basis. For silver-rich alloys (Ag(≥4)Pd), the particle surface is shown to contain single Pd atoms surrounded by Ag from cyclic voltammetry and CO stripping measurements. This morphology is favorable for the high activity through a combination of modified electronic structure, as shown by XPS, and ensemble effects, which facilitate the steps of oxygen bond breaking and desorption for the ORR. This concept of tuning the heteroatomic interactions on the surface of small nanoparticles with low concentrations of precious metals for high synergy in catalytic activity may be expected to be applicable to a wide variety of nanoalloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Slanac
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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33
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He Q, Shyam B, Macounová K, Krtil P, Ramaker D, Mukerjee S. Dramatically Enhanced Cleavage of the C–C Bond Using an Electrocatalytically Coupled Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:8655-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ja301992h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinggang He
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Badri Shyam
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, 725 21st Street NW,
Washington D.C. 20052, United States
| | - Kateřina Macounová
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical
Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, CZ-182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Krtil
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical
Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, CZ-182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - David Ramaker
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, 725 21st Street NW,
Washington D.C. 20052, United States
| | - Sanjeev Mukerjee
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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34
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Cuesta A, Cabello G, Osawa M, Gutiérrez C. Mechanism of the Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Formic Acid on Metals. ACS Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/cs200661z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angel Cuesta
- Instituto de Química Física “Rocasolano”, CSIC, C. Serrano 119, E-28006, Spain
| | - Gema Cabello
- Instituto de Química Física “Rocasolano”, CSIC, C. Serrano 119, E-28006, Spain
| | - Masatoshi Osawa
- Catalysis Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Claudio Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Química Física “Rocasolano”, CSIC, C. Serrano 119, E-28006, Spain
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35
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Tong YJ. Unconventional promoters of catalytic activity in electrocatalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:8195-209. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35381d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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36
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Liu HX, Tian N, Brandon MP, Pei J, Huangfu ZC, Zhan C, Zhou ZY, Hardacre C, Lin WF, Sun SG. Enhancing the activity and tuning the mechanism of formic acid oxidation at tetrahexahedral Pt nanocrystals by Au decoration. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:16415-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp42930f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Cuesta A, Cabello G, Gutiérrez C, Osawa M. Adsorbed formate: the key intermediate in the oxidation of formic acid on platinum electrodes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:20091-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp22498k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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