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Gorman J, Hart SM, John T, Castellanos MA, Harris D, Parsons MF, Banal JL, Willard AP, Schlau-Cohen GS, Bathe M. Sculpting photoproducts with DNA origami. Chem 2024; 10:1553-1575. [PMID: 38827435 PMCID: PMC11138899 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Natural light-harvesting systems spatially organize densely packed dyes in different configurations to either transport excitons or convert them into charge photoproducts, with high efficiency. In contrast, artificial photosystems like organic solar cells and light-emitting diodes lack this fine structural control, limiting their efficiency. Thus, biomimetic multi-dye systems are needed to organize dyes with the sub-nanometer spatial control required to sculpt resulting photoproducts. Here, we synthesize 11 distinct perylene diimide (PDI) dimers integrated into DNA origami nanostructures and identify dimer architectures that offer discrete control over exciton transport versus charge separation. The large structural-space and site-tunability of origami uniquely provides controlled PDI dimer packing to form distinct excimer photoproducts, which are sensitive to interdye configurations. In the future, this platform enables large-scale programmed assembly of dyes mimicking natural systems to sculpt distinct photophysical products needed for a broad range of optoelectronic devices, including solar energy converters and quantum information processors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Gorman
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Stephanie M. Hart
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Torsten John
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Maria A. Castellanos
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dvir Harris
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Molly F. Parsons
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - James L. Banal
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Adam P. Willard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Mark Bathe
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Lead contact
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2
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Garcés-Garcés J, Sánchez-Martos M, Martinez-Navarrete G, Fernández-Jover E, Encheva M, León M, Ortiz J, Sastre-Santos Á, Fernández-Lázaro F. New Highly Fluorescent Water Soluble Imidazolium-Perylenediimides: Synthesis and Cellular Response. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1892. [PMID: 37514077 PMCID: PMC10384807 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of two new water soluble 2,6-bis(imidazolylmethyl)-4-methylphenoxy-containing perylenediimides, PDI-1 and PDI-2, are described. These compounds demonstrate a high fluorescence quantum yield in water and were investigated as potential photosensitizers for generating reactive oxygen species with applications in anticancer activities. The HeLa cell line (VPH18) was used to evaluate their efficacy. Fluorescence microscopy was employed to confirm the successful internalization of PDI-1 and PDI-2, while confocal microscopy revealed the specific locations of both PDIs within the lysosomes and mitochondria. In vitro studies were conducted to evaluate the anticancer activity of PDI-1 and PDI-2. Remarkably, these photosensitizers demonstrated a significant ability to selectively eliminate cancer cells when exposed to a specific light wavelength. The water solubility, high fluorescence quantum yield, and selective cytotoxicity of these PDIs toward cancer cells highlight their potential as effective agents for targeted photodynamic therapy. In conclusion, the findings presented here provide a strong foundation for the future exploration and optimization of PDI-1 and PDI-2 as effective photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy, potentially leading to improved treatment strategies for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Garcés-Garcés
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Miguel Sánchez-Martos
- Área de Neuroprótesis y Rehabilitación Visual, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Gema Martinez-Navarrete
- Área de Neuroprótesis y Rehabilitación Visual, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Eduardo Fernández-Jover
- Área de Neuroprótesis y Rehabilitación Visual, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Mirela Encheva
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Martín León
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Javier Ortiz
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Ángela Sastre-Santos
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Lázaro
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
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3
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Kang M, Kim H, Lee TH, Huh YH, Kim YS, Park SJ, Jin JO, Lee PC, Kwak M. Highly photostable rylene-encapsulated polymeric nanoparticles for fluorescent labeling in biological system. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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4
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Regar R, Mishra R, Mondal PK, Sankar J. Metal-free Annulation at the Ortho- and Bay-Positions of Perylene Bisimide Leading to Lateral π-Extension with Strong NIR Absorption. J Org Chem 2018; 83:9547-9552. [PMID: 30033732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel ortho/ bay annulation reaction of perylene bisimide (PBI) has been explored in a single step synthetic procedure using perylene bisimide 1 and 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) in the absence of any metal catalyst. The single crystal solid-state X-ray diffraction structure showed a distorted framework of DBU-fused PBI 2. Compound 2 exhibited intense near-infrared absorption up to 950 nm. Reversible protonation and deprotonation accompany drastic changes in the photophysical characteristics. Further, the reaction of perylene biscarboxyanhydride with DBU offered a caprolactam ring-substituted perylene bisimide 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramprasad Regar
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research , Bhopal 462 066 , India
| | - Ruchika Mishra
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research , Bhopal 462 066 , India
| | - Pradip Kumar Mondal
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research , Bhopal 462 066 , India
| | - Jeyaraman Sankar
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research , Bhopal 462 066 , India
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5
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Liu Y, Ji DK, Dong L, Galanos N, Zang Y, Li J, Vidal S, He XP. Supramolecular assembly of fluorogenic glyco-dots from perylenediimide-based glycoclusters for targeted imaging of cancer cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:11937-11940. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc07666e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular self-assembly between perylenediimide-based glycoclusters and a red-emitting fluorophore produces structurally uniform and stable glyco-dots amenable to targeted fluorogenic imaging of liver and triple-negative breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Institute of Fine Chemicals
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
- National Center for Drug Screening
| | - Ding-Kun Ji
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Institute of Fine Chemicals
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Lei Dong
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (UMR 5246)
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique 2 – Glycochimie
- CNRS and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
- F-69622 Villeurbanne
- France
| | - Nicolas Galanos
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (UMR 5246)
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique 2 – Glycochimie
- CNRS and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
- F-69622 Villeurbanne
- France
| | - Yi Zang
- National Center for Drug Screening
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
| | - Jia Li
- National Center for Drug Screening
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
| | - Sébastien Vidal
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (UMR 5246)
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique 2 – Glycochimie
- CNRS and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
- F-69622 Villeurbanne
- France
| | - Xiao-Peng He
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Institute of Fine Chemicals
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
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6
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Sun M, Yin W, Dong X, Yang W, Zhao Y, Yin M. Fluorescent supramolecular micelles for imaging-guided cancer therapy. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:5302-5312. [PMID: 26881415 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00450d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel smart fluorescent drug delivery system composed of a perylene diimide (PDI) core and block copolymer poly(d,l-lactide)-b-poly(ethyl ethylene phosphate) is developed and named as PDI-star-(PLA-b-PEEP)8. The biodegradable PDI-star-(PLA-b-PEEP)8 is a unimolecular micelle and can self-assemble into supramolecular micelles, called as fluorescent supramolecular micelles (FSMs), in aqueous media. An insoluble drug camptothecin (CPT) can be effectively loaded into the FSMs and exhibits pH-responsive release. Moreover, the FSMs with good biocompatibility can also be employed as a remarkable fluorescent probe for cell labelling because the maximum emission of PDI is beneficial for bio-imaging. The flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis demonstrate that the micelles are easily endocytosed by cancer cells. In vitro and in vivo tumor growth-inhibitory studies reveal a better therapeutic effect of FSMs after CPT encapsulation when compared with the free CPT drug. The multifunctional FSM nanomedicine platform as a nanovehicle has great potential for fluorescence imaging-guided cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China.
| | - Wenyan Yin
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - Xinghua Dong
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - Wantai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - Meizhen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China.
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7
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Sun M, Müllen K, Yin M. Water-soluble perylenediimides: design concepts and biological applications. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:1513-1528. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00754b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Water-soluble perylenediimides (PDIs) with high fluorescence intensity, photostability and biocompatibility have been successfully prepared and applied in the biological field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers of Ministry of Education
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max-Planck Institut für Polymerforschung
- Mainz
- Germany
| | - Meizhen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers of Ministry of Education
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
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8
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Kolmakov K, Hebisch E, Wolfram T, Nordwig LA, Wurm CA, Ta H, Westphal V, Belov VN, Hell SW. Far-Red Emitting Fluorescent Dyes for Optical Nanoscopy: Fluorinated Silicon-Rhodamines (SiRF Dyes) and Phosphorylated Oxazines. Chemistry 2015; 21:13344-56. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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9
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Hahn L, Öz S, Wadepohl H, Gade LH. Highly emissive water-soluble tetraazaperopyrenes as fluorescent markers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:4941-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc01254b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of highly fluorescent water-soluble tetraazaperopyrene (TAPP) derivatives is reported; these act as fluorescent markers for cell nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Hahn
- Anorganisch-Chemisches-Institut
- Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simin Öz
- Division of Epigenetics
- DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance
- German Cancer Research Center
- Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches-Institut
- Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lutz H. Gade
- Anorganisch-Chemisches-Institut
- Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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10
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Heek T, Würthner F, Haag R. Synthesis and Optical Properties of Water-Soluble Polyglycerol-Dendronized Rylene Bisimide Dyes. Chemistry 2013; 19:10911-21. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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C-H bond activation enables the rapid construction and late-stage diversification of functional molecules. Nat Chem 2013; 5:369-75. [PMID: 23609086 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1892] [Impact Index Per Article: 172.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The beginning of the twenty-first century has witnessed significant advances in the field of C-H bond activation, and this transformation is now an established piece in the synthetic chemists' toolbox. This methodology has the potential to be used in many different areas of chemistry, for example it provides a perfect opportunity for the late-stage diversification of various kinds of organic scaffolds, ranging from relatively small molecules like drug candidates, to complex polydisperse organic compounds such as polymers. In this way, C-H activation approaches enable relatively straightforward access to a plethora of analogues or can help to streamline the lead-optimization phase. Furthermore, synthetic pathways for the construction of complex organic materials can now be designed that are more atom- and step-economical than previous methods and, in some cases, can be based on synthetic disconnections that are just not possible without C-H activation. This Perspective highlights the potential of metal-catalysed C-H bond activation reactions, which now extend beyond the field of traditional synthetic organic chemistry.
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