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Physicochemical Properties and Transdermal Absorption of a Flurbiprofen and Lidocaine Complex in the Non-Crystalline Form. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020318. [PMID: 36839643 PMCID: PMC9961180 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Amorphous drug formulations exploiting drug-drug interactions have been extensively studied. This study aims to develop a transdermal system containing an amorphous complex of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) flurbiprofen (FLU) and lidocaine (LDC) for alleviating chronic pain. The high-viscosity complex between FLU and LDC (Complex) was obtained by heating in ethanol. For the complex, attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed a shift in the carboxy-group-derived peak of FLU, and differential scanning calorimetry indicated the endothermic peaks associated with the melting of FLU and LDC disappeared. 13C dipolar decoupling and 15N cross-polarization magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance measurement suggested the interaction between the carboxyl group of FLU and the secondary amine of LDC. The interaction between the aromatic rings of FLU and LDC contributed to the molecular complex formation. The solubility of FLU from the complex was about 100 times greater than FLU alone. The skin permeation flux of FLU from the complex through the hairless mouse skin was 3.8 times higher than FLU alone in hypromellose gel. Thus, adding LDC to the formulation can be an effective method for enhancing the skin permeation of NSAIDs, which can prove useful for treating chronic pain and inflammatory diseases.
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2
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Morita T, Okada H, Yamada T, Hidaka R, Ueki T, Niitsuma K, Kitazawa Y, Watanabe M, Nishikawa K, Higashi K. A study combining magic-angle spinning NMR and small-angle X-ray scattering on the interaction in the mixture of poly(benzyl methacrylate) and ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:26575-26582. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02207a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Despite being an LCST system, the NMR results indicate that the number of ionic liquid ions interacting with the solute polymer increases even at temperatures approaching the separation line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Morita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Hitomi Okada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Taisei Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Ryo Hidaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ueki
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Niitsuma
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Yuzo Kitazawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan
- Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Keiko Nishikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
- Toyota Physical & Chemical Research Institute, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1192, Japan
| | - Kenjirou Higashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
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Reddy RR, Reddy JG, Kumar BVNP. NMR investigations on binding and dynamics of imidazolium-based ionic liquids with HEWL. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:23824-23836. [PMID: 33073278 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04584e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecular level insights on protein-ionic liquid (P-IL) interactions are beneficial for assessing protein stability, binding and dynamics. In the present work, interactions of ILs, namely, 1-butyl 3-methylimidazolium methyl sulfate (IL1), 1-butyl 3-methylimidazolium octyl sulfate (IL2) and 1-butyl 3-methylimidazolium chloride (IL3) with hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) protein were investigated using solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. To ascertain the binding and dynamics from the perspective of both protein and IL, various ligand based NMR approaches such as selective and non-selective nuclear spin-relaxation (R1SEL and R1NS), saturation transfer difference (STD), difference of inversion recovery rate with and without target irradiation (DIRECTION), 35Cl line-shape and spin-relaxation, and protein back bone amide chemical shift perturbations (CSPs) from 1H-15N HSQC were utilized. Among the ILs investigated, IL2 experiences significant interaction relative to those of IL1 and IL3, as revealed by the combined R1SEL and R1NS analysis, which is further supported by STD NMR. CSP analyses of 1H-15N HSQC spectra of aqueous P-IL mixtures enabled to identify the potential binding sites of ILs with HEWL. Whereas, 15N longitudinal (R1) and transverse (R2) spin-relaxation rates and 15N{1H} heteronuclear nuclear Overhauser effect (hetNOE) data subjected to the model free analysis for IL2 yielded the rotational correlation times and order parameters of various residues of HEWL. Furthermore, the results could discern the nature of interactions between studied ILs and HEWL in terms of specific and non-specific interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ravikanth Reddy
- NMR, Centre for Analysis, Testing, Evaluation & Reporting Services (CATERS), CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai - 600020, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad - 201002, India
| | - Jithender G Reddy
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad - 201002, India and NMR Division, Department of Analytical & Structural Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad - 500007, India.
| | - B V N Phani Kumar
- NMR, Centre for Analysis, Testing, Evaluation & Reporting Services (CATERS), CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai - 600020, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad - 201002, India
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Shamshina JL, Rogers RD. Are Myths and Preconceptions Preventing us from Applying Ionic Liquid Forms of Antiviral Medicines to the Current Health Crisis? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6002. [PMID: 32825444 PMCID: PMC7503643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
At the moment, there are no U.S. Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA)-approved drugs for the treatment of COVID-19, although several antiviral drugs are available for repurposing. Many of these drugs suffer from polymorphic transformations with changes in the drug's safety and efficacy; many are poorly soluble, poorly bioavailable drugs. Current tools to reformulate antiviral APIs into safer and more bioavailable forms include pharmaceutical salts and cocrystals, even though it is difficult to classify solid forms into these regulatory-wise mutually exclusive categories. Pure liquid salt forms of APIs, ionic liquids that incorporate APIs into their structures (API-ILs) present all the advantages that salt forms provide from a pharmaceutical standpoint, without being subject to solid-state matter problems. In this perspective article, the myths and the most voiced concerns holding back implementation of API-ILs are examined, and two case studies of API-ILs antivirals (the amphoteric acyclovir and GSK2838232) are presented in detail, with a focus on drug property improvement. We advocate that the industry should consider the advantages of API-ILs which could be the genesis of disruptive innovation and believe that in order for the industry to grow and develop, the industry should be comfortable with a certain element of risk because progress often only comes from trying something different.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin D. Rogers
- 525 Solutions, Inc., P. O. Box 2206, Tuscaloosa, AL 35403, USA
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Mann SK, Pham TN, McQueen LL, Lewandowski JR, Brown SP. Revealing Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding Structure and Dynamics in a Deep Eutectic Pharmaceutical by Magic-Angle Spinning NMR Spectroscopy. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:622-631. [PMID: 31887061 PMCID: PMC7007282 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b01075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Liquid forms of pharmaceuticals (ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents) offer a number of potential advantages over solid-state drugs; a key question is the role of intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions in enabling membrane transport. Characterization is challenging since high sample viscosities, typical of liquid pharmaceutical formulations, hamper the use of conventional solution NMR at ambient temperature. Here, we report the application of magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy to the deep eutectic pharmaceutical, lidocaine ibuprofen. Using variable temperature MAS NMR, the neat system, at a fixed molar ratio, can be studied over a wide range of temperatures, characterized by changing mobility, using a single experimental setup. Specific intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions are identified by two-dimensional 1H-1H NOESY and ROESY MAS NMR experiments. Hydrogen-bonding dynamics are quantitatively determined by following the chemical exchange process between the labile protons by means of line-width analysis of variable temperature 1H MAS NMR spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Mann
- Department of Physics , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , U.K
| | - Tran N Pham
- GSK R&D , Stevenage , Hertfordshire SG1 2NY , U.K
| | - Lisa L McQueen
- GSK R&D , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | | | - Steven P Brown
- Department of Physics , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , U.K
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Bröhl A, Albrecht B, Zhang Y, Maginn E, Giernoth R. Influence of Hofmeister Ions on the Structure of Proline-Based Peptide Models: A Combined Experimental and Molecular Modeling Study. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:2062-2072. [PMID: 28191953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The influence of three sodium salts, covering a wide range of the Hofmeister series, on the conformation of three proline-based peptide models in aqueous solution is examined using a combination of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. The anions preferentially interact with the cis conformers of the peptide models, which is rationalized by the respective electrostatic potential surfaces. These preferred interactions have a strong impact on the thermodynamics of the cis/trans equilibria, leading to a higher population of the cis conformers. In distinct cases, these equilibria are nearly independent of temperature, showing that the salts are also able to stabilize the conformers over wide temperature ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bröhl
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne , Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Benjamin Albrecht
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne , Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Edward Maginn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Ralf Giernoth
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne , Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
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7
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Wiedemann C, Ohlenschläger O, Mrestani-Klaus C, Bordusa F. NMR spectroscopic studies of a TAT-derived model peptide in imidazolium-based ILs: influence on chemical shifts and the cis/trans equilibrium state. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:24115-24125. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03295a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The impact of ionic liquids on the chemical shifts and the cis/trans equilibrium state of a model peptide was systematically investigated by NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Wiedemann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg
- D-06120 Halle
- Germany
| | | | - Carmen Mrestani-Klaus
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg
- D-06120 Halle
- Germany
| | - Frank Bordusa
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg
- D-06120 Halle
- Germany
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8
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Warner L, Gjersing E, Follett SE, Elliott KW, Dzyuba SV, Varga K. The effects of high concentrations of ionic liquid on GB1 protein structure and dynamics probed by high-resolution magic-angle-spinning NMR spectroscopy. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 8:75-80. [PMID: 28717785 PMCID: PMC5510950 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids have great potential in biological applications and biocatalysis, as some ionic liquids can stabilize proteins and enhance enzyme activity, while others have the opposite effect. However, on the molecular level, probing ionic liquid interactions with proteins, especially in solutions containing high concentrations of ionic liquids, has been challenging. In the present work the 13C, 15N-enriched GB1 model protein was used to demonstrate applicability of high-resolution magic-angle-spinning (HR-MAS) NMR spectroscopy to investigate ionic liquid–protein interactions. Effect of an ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, [C4-mim]Br) on GB1was studied over a wide range of the ionic liquid concentrations (0.6–3.5 M, which corresponds to 10–60% v/v). Interactions between GB1 and [C4-mim]Br were observed from changes in the chemical shifts of the protein backbone as well as the changes in 15N ps-ns dynamics and rotational correlation times. Site-specific interactions between the protein and [C4-mim]Br were assigned using 3D methods under HR-MAS conditions. Thus, HR-MAS NMR is a viable tool that could aid in elucidation of molecular mechanisms of ionic liquid–protein interactions. Probing IL interactions with proteins using conventional techniques is challenging. Here, HR-MAS NMR was used to investigate IL–protein interactions. Model protein GB1 was investigated in high concentrations of [C4-mim]Br. This technique facilitates atomic level characterization of protein-IL interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Warner
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Erica Gjersing
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Shelby E Follett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - K Wade Elliott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Sergei V Dzyuba
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, 76129 USA
| | - Krisztina Varga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hayes
- Discipline
of Chemistry, The University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Gregory G. Warr
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rob Atkin
- Discipline
of Chemistry, The University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Callaghan, Australia
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10
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Mazid RR, Vijayaraghavan R, MacFarlane DR, Cortez-Jugo C, Cheng W. Inhibited fragmentation of mAbs in buffered ionic liquids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:8089-92. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc01877c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Choline-based buffered ionic liquids have been demonstrated to greatly inhibit enzymatic degradation of antibodies, and are promising as next-generation biological buffers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romiza R. Mazid
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Monash University
- Clayton 3800
- Australia
| | - R. Vijayaraghavan
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Parkville 3052
- Australia
| | | | | | - Wenlong Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Monash University
- Clayton 3800
- Australia
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12
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Richardt A, Mrestani-Klaus C, Bordusa F. Impact of ionic liquids on the structure of peptides proved by HR-MAS NMR spectroscopy. J Mol Liq 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2013.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Fiebig OC, Mancini E, Caputo G, Vaden TD. Quantitative evaluation of myoglobin unfolding in the presence of guanidinium hydrochloride and ionic liquids in solution. J Phys Chem B 2013; 118:406-12. [PMID: 24354463 DOI: 10.1021/jp408061k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The use of ionic liquids in biochemical and biophysical applications has increased dramatically in recent years due to their interesting properties. We report results of a thermodynamic characterization of the chaotrope-induced denaturation of equine myoglobin in two different ionic liquid aqueous environments using a combined absorption/fluorescence spectroscopic approach. Denaturation by guanidinium hydrochloride was monitored by loss of heme absorptivity and limited unfolding structural information was obtained from Förster resonance energy transfer experiments. Results show that myoglobin unfolding is generally unchanged in the presence of ethylmethylimidazolium acetate (EMIAc) in aqueous solution up to 150 mM concentration but is facilitated by butylmethylimidazolium boron tetrafluoride (BMIBF4) in solution. The presence of 150 mM BMIBF4 alone does not induce unfolding but destabilizes the structure as observed by a decrease in threshold denaturant concentration for unfolding and an 80% decrease in the magnitude of ΔGunfolding from 44 kJ/mol in the absence of BMIBF4 to 8 kJ/mol in the presence of 150 mM BMIBF4. Thus, the BMIBF4 significantly destabilizes the myoglobin structure while the EMIAc does not, likely due to differences in anion interaction capabilities. This is confirmed with control studies using NaAc and LiBF4 solutions. EMIAc may be chosen as cosolvent additive with minimal effects on protein structure while BMIBF4 may be used as a supplement in protein folding experiments, potentially allowing access to proteins which have been traditionally difficult to denature as well as designing ionic liquids to match protein characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia C Fiebig
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University , 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
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Tietze AA, Bordusa F, Giernoth R, Imhof D, Lenzer T, Maaß A, Mrestani-Klaus C, Neundorf I, Oum K, Reith D, Stark A. On the Nature of Interactions between Ionic Liquids and Small Amino-Acid-Based Biomolecules. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:4044-64. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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