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Hempelmann J, Müller PC, Reitz L, Dronskowski R. Quantum Chemical Similarities of Bonding in Polyiodides and Phase-Change Materials. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37988253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Covalent chemical bonding beyond the two-center two-electron (2c-2e) bond is well-known for (inter)halogenic compounds, in particular, electron-rich multicenter (or hypervalent) bonding of the three-center four-electron (3c-4e) type to explain both their structure and stability. In the present work, we examine different solid-state polyiodides by combining both local orbital wave function and projected force constant analysis in order to numerically quantify the influence of multicenter (hypervalent) bonding based on periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations. After linking our findings to established qualitative theories on multicenter bonding, particularly, Alcock's "secondary" bonding, we relate the bonding behavior in polyiodides to industrially relevant phase-change materials of the Ge-Sb-Te class, finding further evidence for the same underlying cause as regards chemical bonding in both material classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hempelmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter C Müller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Linda Reitz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Richard Dronskowski
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
- Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance (JARA-CSD), RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, 7098 Liuxian Blvd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
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2
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Pauls M, Schnieders D, Dronskowski R. Embedded Localized Molecular-Orbital Representations for Periodic Wave Functions. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:6541-6551. [PMID: 37523466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c02283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
To more straightforwardly provide local chemical-bonding reasoning in crystalline matter, we introduce a new approach to generate a real-space analogue of periodic electronic structures using "exact" top-down frozen-density embedding calculations. Based on the obtained real-space electronic structure, we then construct localized molecular orbitals and evidence that our technique compares favorably against the commonly used Wannier method, both in terms of numerical efficiency and details of chemical bonding. The new method has been implemented into the LOBSTER software package and designed as a black-box approach, digesting any periodic electronic structure from the currently supported codes, i.e., VASP, Quantum ESPRESSO, and ABINIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Pauls
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - David Schnieders
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Richard Dronskowski
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 7098 Liuxian Blvd, Nanshan District, 518055 Shenzhen, China
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3
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Huran AW, Wang HC, San-Miguel A, Marques MAL. Atomically Thin Pythagorean Tilings in Two Dimensions. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:4972-4979. [PMID: 34014100 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We perform a theoretical study of an atomically thin, two-dimensional layer obtained by positioning atoms at the vertices of the classical Pythagorean tiling. This leads to an unusual geometrical pattern that is only stable for the three halogens Cl, Br, and I. In this Pythagorean structure, halogen atoms are arranged in strongly bound diatomic units that bind together by weaker electrostatic bonds. The energy of these phases is competitive with those of the low-temperature phase of the halogens and the two-dimensional layer obtained by exfoliating it. The Pythagorean layers are semiconducting, with an unusual band structure composed of very mobile holes and extremely heavy electrons. They are also soft, exhibiting small values of the elastic constants and a very low energy flexural mode. Analysis of the allowed Raman transitions reveals breathing-like modes that might be used to fingerprint, experimentally, the Pythagorean structure. Finally, we present a series of substrates that, due to lattice matching and compatible symmetry, can be used to stabilize these peculiar two-dimensional layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad W Huran
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Hai-Chen Wang
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Alfonso San-Miguel
- Institut Lumière Matière, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, F-69622 Lyon, France
| | - Miguel A L Marques
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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4
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González L, Graus S, Gaspar B, Espasa S, Velázquez-Campoy A, Munarriz J, Serrano JL, Tejedor RM, Uriel S. Interplay between non-covalent interactions in 1D supramolecular polymers based on 1,4-bis(iodoethynyl)benzene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:3531-3542. [PMID: 33514973 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05917j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A study of the solution-phase, solid-state structures of halogen-bonded co-crystals of 1,4-bis(iodoethynyl)benzene (p-BIB) with three salts, namely, decyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTMABr), tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPABr), and tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBABr), has been carried out, along with theoretical calculations. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) showed that the binding constant of bromide with p-BIB in THF is not strongly dependent on the cation, and that the entropic term clearly dominates the enthalpic one in the free energy of binding. In the three crystal structures, the bromide anion acts as a doubly connected node for halogen bonding interactions, which results in linear or angular open chains. The intrachain angles (IBr-I) of the 1D supramolecular polymers based on p-BIB depend on the geometry and size of the cation and vary from 180° for DMTABr to 75° for TBABr. Non-covalent interaction (NCI) analysis of selected motifs and optimized crystals demonstrates that the balance between halogen bonds, hydrogen bonds, and van der Waals interactions, especially type-I halogenhalogen contacts, determines the crystal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia González
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
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5
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Wagner JP. Difficulties of Popular Density Functionals to Describe the Conformational Isomerism in Iodoacetic Acid. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:5570-5579. [PMID: 32564603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c03322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Matrix isolation studies in solid argon and neon at 4.2 K reveal that iodoacetic acid initially only exists as its ground state (c,x) conformer with an almost perpendicular I-C-C═O dihedral angle, but UV irradiation in the 240-255 nm range leads to population of the 0.8 kcal mol-1 less stable (c,c) isomer. The latter structure exhibits a close 3.23 Å contact of the iodine and carbonyl oxygen atoms decidedly below the sum of their van der Waals radii (3.50 Å). Increasing the matrix temperature by only a few Kelvin triggers the thermal back reaction of (c,c) to (c,x) and leads to an estimated upper limit of 0.38 kcal mol-1 for the associated torsional barrier. While wave function methods including completely uncorrelated Hartree-Fock theory have no problem to identify (c,c) as a proper minimum, many popular density functionals fail to describe the C-C torsional potential in cis-iodoacetic acid qualitatively correct. We assessed the performance of 12 density functionals of different levels of sophistication, namely, the BLYP, PBE, TPSS, B3LYP, BHandHLYP, PBE0, M06-2X, CAM-B3LYP, ωB97X-D3, B2-PLYP, B2GP-PLYP, and DSD-PBEP86 methods, against accurate extrapolated CCSD(T)/CBS(T-Q)//MP2/def2-TZVPP energies and found that almost all of them yield acceptable relative energies. Still, even some of the best performers fail to find a reasonably deep minimum in the region of the (c,c) conformer, and addition of the empirical D3-dispersion correction does not remedy the qualitative shortcoming. Instead, inclusion of a sufficient amount of (long-range) exact exchange and likely a proper treatment of medium-range correlation effects all along the torsional coordinate play an important role in the proper description of the sub-van der Waals iodine-oxygen contact. More modern, recommended functionals do not suffer from the described shortcoming.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Philipp Wagner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, Tübingen 72076, Germany
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Bodesheim D, Kieslich G, Johnson M, Butler KT. Understanding the Balance of Entropy and Enthalpy in Hydrogen-Halide Noncovalent Bonding. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:3495-3500. [PMID: 32282209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen bonds are of great scientific interest, determining the free energy landscape and hence chemical and physical properties of many materials systems, for example, the hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites. Although these interactions are critical, understanding them is difficult in complex, multicomponent systems; hydrogen halides are ideal as simple binary model compounds for understanding the role of hydrogen bonding in physical properties like phase transitions. Here we investigate the orthorhombic low-temperature phase and the cubic high-temperature phase in HX (X = F, Cl, Br, or I) systems to understand how different hydrogen-halide bonds influence free energy profiles. We show that hydrogen fluoride has a qualitatively different behavior due to strong hydrogen bonding and hence a very different vibrational entropy. Heavier halides are in contrast rather similar in their physical properties; however, dispersion interactions play a more crucial role in these. These results have implications for the rational design of materials with hydrogen-halide bonds and tuning material properties in systems like mixed anion CH3NH3PbX3 perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bodesheim
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Gregor Kieslich
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Mike Johnson
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Keith T Butler
- Scientific Computing Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, U.K
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Otero-de-la-Roza A, LeBlanc LM, Johnson ER. Dispersion XDM with Hybrid Functionals: Delocalization Error and Halogen Bonding in Molecular Crystals. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:4933-4944. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Otero-de-la-Roza
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Luc M. LeBlanc
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Erin R. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
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Xia K, Gao H, Liu C, Yuan J, Sun J, Wang HT, Xing D. A novel superhard tungsten nitride predicted by machine-learning accelerated crystal structure search. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2018; 63:817-824. [PMID: 36658960 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal nitrides have been suggested to have both high hardness and good thermal stability with large potential application value, but so far stable superhard transition metal nitrides have not been synthesized. Here, with our newly developed machine-learning accelerated crystal structure searching method, we designed a superhard tungsten nitride, h-WN6, which can be synthesized at pressure around 65 GPa and quenchable to ambient pressure. This h-WN6 is constructed with single-bonded armchair-like N6 rings and presents ionic-like features, which can be formulated as W2.4+N62.4-. It has a band gap of 1.6 eV at 0 GPa and exhibits an abnormal gap broadening behavior under pressure. Excitingly, this h-WN6 is found to be the hardest among transition metal nitrides known so far (Vickers hardness around 57 GPa) and also has a very high melting temperature (around 1,900 K). Additionally, the good gravimetric (3.1 kJ/g) and volumetric (28.0 kJ/cm3) energy densities make this nitrogen-rich compound a potential high-energy-density material. These predictions support the designing rules and may stimulate future experiments to synthesize superhard and high-energy-density material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Xia
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hao Gao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Cong Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jianan Yuan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jian Sun
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Hui-Tian Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Dingyu Xing
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Sosso GC, Deringer VL, Elliott SR, Csányi G. Understanding the thermal properties of amorphous solids using machine-learning-based interatomic potentials. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2018.1447107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele C. Sosso
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Scientific Computing, University of Warwick , Coventry, UK
| | - Volker L. Deringer
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Gábor Csányi
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK
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10
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Grochala W. The generalized maximum hardness principle revisited and applied to solids (Part 2). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:30984-31006. [PMID: 29120466 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05027e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Building on Part 1 devoted to atoms and molecules (PCCP, in press 2017), we now focus on the crystal structure and electronic properties of solids as viewed from the Maximum Hardness Principle (MHP), first formulated by Pearson in 1987. The focus is on cases where nuclear potential acting on electrons does not remain constant and where substantial modifications of the nuclear geometry take place (Generalized MHP, GMHP). We present an overview of important manifestations of the (G)MHP for solids such as (i) a tendency of metals and doped-semiconductors to undergo superconducting transition at low temperatures, (ii) propensity of many types of alloys to develop a band gap or a pseudo-gap, (iii) preference for preserving the noble gas (octet, doublet) configuration of main block element ions in the solid state, (iv) preference of Jahn-Teller systems for band-gap-opening vibronic-coupling-related lattice distortions, (v) pressure phenomena leading to localization of the electronic density, (vi) tendency to annihilate the null band gap via phase separation (while preserving the nominal chemical composition), (vii) absence of a large number of families of high-TC superconductors, (viii) resistance of most stable systems to chemical doping, etc. GMHP turns out to be an important qualitative guide in studies of solid state polymorphism and electronic phenomena. Exceptions from (G)MHP are discussed, and a more restrictive formulation of the principle is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Grochala
- Centre for New Technologies, The University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02089 Warsaw, Poland.
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Anomalous bond length behavior and a new solid phase of bromine under pressure. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25649. [PMID: 27156710 PMCID: PMC4860644 DOI: 10.1038/srep25649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The behavior of diatomic molecular solids under pressure have attracted great interest and been extensively studied. Under ambient pressure, the structure of bromine is known to be a molecular phase (phase I). With increasing pressure, it transforms into an incommensurate phase (phase V) before eventually to a monoatomic phase (phase II). However, between phases I and V, the interatomic distance was found to first increase with pressure and then decreased abruptly. This anomalous bond length behavior is accompanied by the splitting of the Raman bands. These phenomena have not been resolved. Here we suggest a new solid phase that explains the Raman spectra. Furthermore, the anomalous bond length behavior is found to be the result of subtle second neighbor intermolecular interactions and is an intrinsic property of bromine in molecular phases.
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