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Gonzalez BD, Forbrig E, Yao G, Kielb P, Mroginski MA, Hildebrandt P, Kozuch J. Cation Dependence of Enniatin B/Membrane-Interactions Assessed Using Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption (SEIRA) Spectroscopy. Chempluschem 2024:e202400159. [PMID: 38700478 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Enniatins are mycotoxins with well-known antibacterial, antifungal, antihelmintic and antiviral activity, which have recently come to attention as potential mitochondriotoxic anticancer agents. The cytotoxicity of enniatins is traced back to ionophoric properties, in which the cyclodepsipeptidic structure results in enniatin:cation-complexes of various stoichiometries proposed as membrane-active species. In this work, we employed a combination of surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy, tethered bilayer lipid membranes (tBLMs) and density functional theory (DFT)-based computational spectroscopy to monitor the cation-dependence (Mz+=Na+, K+, Cs+, Li+, Mg2+, Ca2+) on the mechanism of enniatin B (EB) incorporation into membranes and identify the functionally relevant EBn : Mz+ complexes formed. We find that Na+ promotes a cooperative incorporation, modelled via an autocatalytic mechanism and mediated by a distorted 2 : 1-EB2 : Na+ complex. K+ (and Cs+) leads to a direct but less efficient insertion into membranes due to the adoption of "ideal" EB2 : K+ sandwich complexes. In contrast, the presence of Li+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ causes a (partial) extraction of EB from the membrane via the formation of "belted" 1 : 1-EB : Mz+ complexes, which screen the cationic charge less efficiently. Our results point to a relevance of the cation dependence for the transport into the malignant cells where the mitochondriotoxic anticancer activity is exerted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Daiana Gonzalez
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. PC14, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Enrico Forbrig
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. PC14, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Guiyang Yao
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, D-10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrycja Kielb
- Clausius Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstr. 12, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
- Transdisciplinary Research Area', Building Blocks of Matter and Fundamental Interactions (TRA Matter), Universität Bonn, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Maria Andrea Mroginski
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. PC14, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Hildebrandt
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. PC14, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jacek Kozuch
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Forschungsbau SupraFAB, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 23a, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
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2
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Pilz F, Kielb P. Cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry or electrochemical impedance spectroscopy? Interrogating electrochemical approaches for the determination of electron transfer rates of immobilized redox proteins. BBA ADVANCES 2023; 4:100095. [PMID: 37424628 PMCID: PMC10322675 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2023.100095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, we cross-examine three well-established electrochemical approaches, namely cyclic voltammetry (CV), cyclic square-wave voltammetry (SWV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to dissect the electron transfer (ET) rate of electrostatically immobilized cytochrome c on Ag electrodes. A detailed analysis supported by simulations of redox transition provided three distinct values for the heterogeneous electron transfer (HET) rate constant of cyt c interfaced on COOH-terminated C10-long alkanethiol, i.e., kHET= 47.8 (±2,91) s-1 in CV, kHET= 64.8 (±1,27) s-1 in SWV, and kHET= 26.5 s-1 in EIS. We discuss the obtained discrepancies obtained from electrochemical methods and compare them with the data from spectro-electrochemical experiments. A comprehensive selection list is created from which the most applicable approach can be chosen for studying proteins of interest. CV is most applicable to study the interfaced proteins exhibiting kHET of ca. 0.5 - 70 s-1, SWV is suitable for a broader range of kHET of 5 - 120 s-1 and EIS for kHET of 0.5 to 5 s-1 if alkanethiols are used as immobilization strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F.H. Pilz
- Transdisciplinary Research Area ‘Building Blocks of Matter and Fundamental Interactions (TRA Matter)’, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Clausius Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Wegelerstr. 12, Bonn 53115, Germany
| | - P. Kielb
- Transdisciplinary Research Area ‘Building Blocks of Matter and Fundamental Interactions (TRA Matter)’, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Clausius Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Wegelerstr. 12, Bonn 53115, Germany
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3
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Kano K. Fundamental insight into redox enzyme-based bioelectrocatalysis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:141-156. [PMID: 34755834 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Redox enzymes can work as efficient electrocatalysts. The coupling of redox enzymatic reactions with electrode reactions is called enzymatic bioelectrocatalysis, which imparts high reaction specificity to electrode reactions with nonspecific characteristics. The key factors required for bioelectrocatalysis are hydride ion/electron transfer characteristics and low specificity for either substrate in redox enzymes. Several theoretical features of steady-state responses are introduced to understand bioelectrocatalysis and to extend the performance of bioelectrocatalytic systems. Applications of the coupling concept to bioelectrochemical devices are also summarized with emphasis on the achievements recorded in the research group of the author.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kano
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
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4
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Schachinger F, Chang H, Scheiblbrandner S, Ludwig R. Amperometric Biosensors Based on Direct Electron Transfer Enzymes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154525. [PMID: 34361678 PMCID: PMC8348568 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The accurate determination of analyte concentrations with selective, fast, and robust methods is the key for process control, product analysis, environmental compliance, and medical applications. Enzyme-based biosensors meet these requirements to a high degree and can be operated with simple, cost efficient, and easy to use devices. This review focuses on enzymes capable of direct electron transfer (DET) to electrodes and also the electrode materials which can enable or enhance the DET type bioelectrocatalysis. It presents amperometric biosensors for the quantification of important medical, technical, and environmental analytes and it carves out the requirements for enzymes and electrode materials in DET-based third generation biosensors. This review critically surveys enzymes and biosensors for which DET has been reported. Single- or multi-cofactor enzymes featuring copper centers, hemes, FAD, FMN, or PQQ as prosthetic groups as well as fusion enzymes are presented. Nanomaterials, nanostructured electrodes, chemical surface modifications, and protein immobilization strategies are reviewed for their ability to support direct electrochemistry of enzymes. The combination of both biosensor elements-enzymes and electrodes-is evaluated by comparison of substrate specificity, current density, sensitivity, and the range of detection.
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5
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Ly KH, Weidinger IM. Understanding active sites in molecular (photo)electrocatalysis through complementary vibrational spectroelectrochemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2328-2342. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07376h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Highlighting vibrational spectroelectrochemistry for the investigation of synthetic molecular (photo) electrocatalysts for key energy conversion reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoa H. Ly
- Lehrstuhl für Elektrochemie
- Fakultät für Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie
- Technische Universität Dresden
- Andreas-Schubert-Bau
- Zellescher Weg 19
| | - Inez M. Weidinger
- Lehrstuhl für Elektrochemie
- Fakultät für Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie
- Technische Universität Dresden
- Andreas-Schubert-Bau
- Zellescher Weg 19
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6
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Breslmayr E, Laurent CVFP, Scheiblbrandner S, Jerkovic A, Heyes DJ, Oostenbrink C, Ludwig R, Hedison TM, Scrutton NS, Kracher D. Protein Conformational Change Is Essential for Reductive Activation of Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase by Cellobiose Dehydrogenase. ACS Catal 2020; 10:4842-4853. [PMID: 32382450 PMCID: PMC7199207 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale protein domain dynamics and electron transfer are often associated. However, as protein motions span a broad range of time and length scales, it is often challenging to identify and thus link functionally relevant dynamic changes to electron transfer in proteins. It is hypothesized that large-scale domain motions direct electrons through a FAD and a heme b cofactor of the fungal cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) enzymes to the type-II copper center (T2Cu) of the polysaccharide-degrading lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs). However, as of yet, domain motions in CDH have not been linked formally to enzyme-catalyzed electron transfer reactions. The detailed structural features of CDH, which govern the functional conformational landscapes of the enzyme, have only been partially resolved. Here, we use a combination of pressure, viscosity, ionic strength, and temperature perturbation stopped-flow studies to probe the conformational landscape associated with the electron transfer reactions of CDH. Through the use of molecular dynamics simulations, potentiometry, and stopped-flow spectroscopy, we investigated how a conserved Tyr99 residue plays a key role in shaping the conformational landscapes for both the interdomain electron transfer reactions of CDH (from FAD to heme) and the delivery of electrons from the reduced heme cofactor to the LPMO T2Cu. Our studies show how motions gate the electron transfer within CDH and from CDH to LPMO and illustrate the conformational landscape for interdomain and interprotein electron transfer in this extracellular fungal electron transfer chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Breslmayr
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, M1 7DN Manchester, United Kingdom
- Biocatalysis and Biosensing Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Material Sciences and Process Engineering, Institute of Molecular Modeling and Simulation, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christophe V. F. P. Laurent
- Biocatalysis and Biosensing Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Material Sciences and Process Engineering, Institute of Molecular Modeling and Simulation, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Scheiblbrandner
- Biocatalysis and Biosensing Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anita Jerkovic
- Biocatalysis and Biosensing Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Derren J. Heyes
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, M1 7DN Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Oostenbrink
- Department of Material Sciences and Process Engineering, Institute of Molecular Modeling and Simulation, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Ludwig
- Biocatalysis and Biosensing Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias M. Hedison
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, M1 7DN Manchester, United Kingdom
- EPSRC/BBSRC funded Future Biomanufacturing Research Hub, The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, M1 7DN Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel S. Scrutton
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, M1 7DN Manchester, United Kingdom
- EPSRC/BBSRC funded Future Biomanufacturing Research Hub, The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, M1 7DN Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Kracher
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, M1 7DN Manchester, United Kingdom
- Biocatalysis and Biosensing Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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7
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Götz R, Ly KH, Wrzolek P, Dianat A, Croy A, Cuniberti G, Hildebrandt P, Schwalbe M, Weidinger IM. Influence of Mesityl and Thiophene Peripheral Substituents on Surface Attachment, Redox Chemistry, and ORR Activity of Molecular Iron Porphyrin Catalysts on Electrodes. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:10637-10647. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Götz
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Khoa H. Ly
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Pierre Wrzolek
- Institute of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arezoo Dianat
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Croy
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Giancarlo Cuniberti
- Center for Advancing Electronics, Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science, Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Hildebrandt
- Institute of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwalbe
- Institute of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Inez M. Weidinger
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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8
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Scheiblbrandner S, Ludwig R. Cellobiose dehydrogenase: Bioelectrochemical insights and applications. Bioelectrochemistry 2019; 131:107345. [PMID: 31494387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2019.107345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is a flavocytochrome with a history of bioelectrochemical research dating back to 1992. During the years, it has been shown to be capable of mediated electron transfer (MET) and direct electron transfer (DET) to a variety of electrodes. This versatility of CDH originates from the separation of the catalytic flavodehydrogenase domain and the electron transferring cytochrome domain. This uncoupling of the catalytic reaction from the electron transfer process allows the application of CDH on many different electrode materials and surfaces, where it shows robust DET. Recent X-ray diffraction and small angle scattering studies provided insights into the structure of CDH and its domain mobility, which can change between a closed-state and an open-state conformation. This structural information verifies the electron transfer mechanism of CDH that was initially established by bioelectrochemical methods. A combination of DET and MET experiments has been used to investigate the catalytic mechanism and the electron transfer process of CDH and to deduce a protein structure comprising of mobile domains. Even more, electrochemical methods have been used to study the redox potentials of the FAD and the haem b cofactors of CDH or the electron transfer rates. These electrochemical experiments, their results and the application of the characterised CDHs in biosensors, biofuel cells and biosupercapacitors are combined with biochemical and structural data to provide a thorough overview on CDH as versatile bioelectrocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Scheiblbrandner
- Biocatalysis and Biosensing Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Roland Ludwig
- Biocatalysis and Biosensing Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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9
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Ma S, Ludwig R. Direct Electron Transfer of Enzymes Facilitated by Cytochromes. ChemElectroChem 2019; 6:958-975. [PMID: 31008015 PMCID: PMC6472588 DOI: 10.1002/celc.201801256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The direct electron transfer (DET) of enzymes has been utilized to develop biosensors and enzymatic biofuel cells on micro- and nanostructured electrodes. Whereas some enzymes exhibit direct electron transfer between their active-site cofactor and an electrode, other oxidoreductases depend on acquired cytochrome domains or cytochrome subunits as built-in redox mediators. The physiological function of these cytochromes is to transfer electrons between the active-site cofactor and a redox partner protein. The exchange of the natural electron acceptor/donor by an electrode has been demonstrated for several cytochrome carrying oxidoreductases. These multi-cofactor enzymes have been applied in third generation biosensors to detect glucose, lactate, and other analytes. This review investigates and classifies oxidoreductases with a cytochrome domain, enzyme complexes with a cytochrome subunit, and covers designed cytochrome fusion enzymes. The structurally and electrochemically best characterized proponents from each enzyme class carrying a cytochrome, that is, flavoenzymes, quinoenzymes, molybdenum-cofactor enzymes, iron-sulfur cluster enzymes, and multi-haem enzymes, are featured, and their biochemical, kinetic, and electrochemical properties are compared. The cytochromes molecular and functional properties as well as their contribution to the interdomain electron transfer (IET, between active-site and cytochrome) and DET (between cytochrome and electrode) with regard to the achieved current density is discussed. Protein design strategies for cytochrome-fused enzymes are reviewed and the limiting factors as well as strategies to overcome them are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Ma
- Biocatalysis and Biosensing Laboratory Department of Food Science and TechnologyBOKU – University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesMuthgasse 181190ViennaAustria
| | - Roland Ludwig
- Biocatalysis and Biosensing Laboratory Department of Food Science and TechnologyBOKU – University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesMuthgasse 181190ViennaAustria
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10
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Grippo V, Ma S, Ludwig R, Gorton L, Bilewicz R. Cellobiose dehydrogenase hosted in lipidic cubic phase to improve catalytic activity and stability. Bioelectrochemistry 2019; 125:134-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Gkogkou D, Shaykhutdinov T, Kratz C, Oates TWH, Hildebrandt P, Weidinger IM, Ly KH, Esser N, Hinrichs K. Gradient metal nanoislands as a unified surface enhanced Raman scattering and surface enhanced infrared absorption platform for analytics. Analyst 2019; 144:5271-5276. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an00839j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A metal nanoisland layer with varying plasmonic responses offers surface enhanced Raman scattering and infrared absorption optimal sites on a single surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Gkogkou
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V
- ISAS Berlin
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Timur Shaykhutdinov
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V
- ISAS Berlin
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Christoph Kratz
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V
- ISAS Berlin
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Thomas W. H. Oates
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V
- ISAS Berlin
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | | | - Inez M. Weidinger
- Technische Universität Dresden
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Khoa Hoang Ly
- Technische Universität Dresden
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Norbert Esser
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V
- ISAS Berlin
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Karsten Hinrichs
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V
- ISAS Berlin
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
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12
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Song W, Hildebrandt P, Weidinger IM. Plasmonic Cu/CuCl/Cu2S/Ag and Cu/CuCl/Cu2S/Au Supports with Peroxidase-Like Activity: Insights from Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. Z PHYS CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2018-1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In the present study, we present nanostructured bimetallic Cu/CuCl/Cu2S/Au(Ag) supports that exhibit plasmonic electromagnetic field enhancement and peroxidase-like catalytic activity. The Cu2S component acts as the peroxidase-like catalyst, while the Au or Ag component provides the necessary light enhancement for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopic (SERS) studies of surface bound molecular reactants. As a test reaction the catalytic oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in presence of H2O2 was investigated. The comparison of product evolution in solution measured by UV-Vis spectroscopy and on the surface measured via SERS is able to give more insight into the different steps involved in the overall catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Peter Hildebrandt
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie , Strasse des 17. Juni 135 , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Inez M. Weidinger
- Technische Universität Dresden, Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie , 01069 Dresden , Germany
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13
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Bollella P, Gorton L, Antiochia R. Direct Electron Transfer of Dehydrogenases for Development of 3rd Generation Biosensors and Enzymatic Fuel Cells. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E1319. [PMID: 29695133 PMCID: PMC5982196 DOI: 10.3390/s18051319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dehydrogenase based bioelectrocatalysis has been increasingly exploited in recent years in order to develop new bioelectrochemical devices, such as biosensors and biofuel cells, with improved performances. In some cases, dehydrogeases are able to directly exchange electrons with an appropriately designed electrode surface, without the need for an added redox mediator, allowing bioelectrocatalysis based on a direct electron transfer process. In this review we briefly describe the electron transfer mechanism of dehydrogenase enzymes and some of the characteristics required for bioelectrocatalysis reactions via a direct electron transfer mechanism. Special attention is given to cellobiose dehydrogenase and fructose dehydrogenase, which showed efficient direct electron transfer reactions. An overview of the most recent biosensors and biofuel cells based on the two dehydrogenases will be presented. The various strategies to prepare modified electrodes in order to improve the electron transfer properties of the device will be carefully investigated and all analytical parameters will be presented, discussed and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bollella
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Lo Gorton
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Riccarda Antiochia
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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14
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Bodenheimer AM, O'Dell WB, Oliver RC, Qian S, Stanley CB, Meilleur F. Structural investigation of cellobiose dehydrogenase IIA: Insights from small angle scattering into intra- and intermolecular electron transfer mechanisms. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:1031-1039. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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15
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Bollella P, Hibino Y, Kano K, Gorton L, Antiochia R. The influence of pH and divalent/monovalent cations on the internal electron transfer (IET), enzymatic activity, and structure of fructose dehydrogenase. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:3253-3264. [PMID: 29564502 PMCID: PMC5937911 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0991-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on the influence of pH and monovalent/divalent cations on the catalytic current response, internal electron transfer (IET), and structure of fructose dehydrogenase (FDH) by using amperometry, spectrophotometry, and circular dichroism (CD). Amperometric measurements were performed on graphite electrodes, onto which FDH was adsorbed and the effect on the response current to fructose was investigated when varying the pH and the concentrations of divalent/monovalent cations in the contacting buffer. In the presence of 10 mM CaCl2, a current increase of up to ≈ 240% was observed, probably due to an intra-complexation reaction between Ca2+ and the aspartate/glutamate residues found at the interface between the dehydrogenase domain and the cytochrome domain of FDH. Contrary to CaCl2, addition of MgCl2 did not show any particular influence, whereas addition of monovalent cations (Na+ or K+) led to a slight linear increase in the maximum response current. To complement the amperometric investigations, spectrophotometric assays were carried out under homogeneous conditions in the presence of a 1-electron non-proton-acceptor, cytochrome c, or a 2-electron-proton acceptor, 2,6-dichloroindophenol (DCIP), respectively. In the case of cytochrome c, it was possible to observe a remarkable increase in the absorbance up to 200% when 10 mM CaCl2 was added. However, by further increasing the concentration of CaCl2 up to 50 mM and 100 mM, a decrease in the absorbance with a slight inhibition effect was observed for the highest CaCl2 concentration. Addition of MgCl2 or of the monovalent cations shows, surprisingly, no effect on the electron transfer to the electron acceptor. Contrary to the case of cytochrome c, with DCIP none of the cations tested seem to affect the rate of catalysis. In order to correlate the results obtained by amperometric and spectrophotometric measurements, CD experiments have been performed showing a great structural change of FDH when increasing the concentration CaCl2 up to 50 mM, at which the enzyme molecules start to agglomerate, hindering the substrate access to the active site probably due to a chelation reaction occurring at the enzyme surface with the glutamate/aspartate residues. Fructose dehydrogenase (FDH) consists of three subunits, but only two are involved in the electron transfer process: (I) 2e−/2H+ fructose oxidation, (II) internal electron transfer (IET), (III) direct electron transfer (DET) through 2 heme c; FDH activity either in solution or when immobilized onto an electrode surface is enhanced about 2.5-fold by adding 10 mM CaCl2 to the buffer solution, whereas MgCl2 had an “inhibition” effect. Moreover, the additions of KCl or NaCl led to a slight current increase ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bollella
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.,Department of Analytical Chemistry/Biochemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yuya Hibino
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kenji Kano
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Lo Gorton
- Department of Analytical Chemistry/Biochemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Riccarda Antiochia
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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16
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Kielb P, Horch M, Wrzolek P, Goetz R, Ly KH, Kozuch J, Schwalbe M, Weidinger IM. Hydrogen evolution by cobalt hangman porphyrins under operating conditions studied by vibrational spectro-electrochemistry. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy02253k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The structure of cobalt hangman complexes adsorbed on electrodes during HER was analysed via surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Kielb
- Department of Chemistry
- Technische Universität Berlin
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Marius Horch
- Department of Chemistry
- Technische Universität Berlin
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Pierre Wrzolek
- Department of Chemistry
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Robert Goetz
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry
- Technische Universität Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Khoa H. Ly
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB2 1EW
- UK
| | - Jacek Kozuch
- Department of Chemistry
- Stanford University
- Stanford
- USA
| | - Matthias Schwalbe
- Department of Chemistry
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Inez M. Weidinger
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry
- Technische Universität Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
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17
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Kielb P, Utesch T, Kozuch J, Jeoung JH, Dobbek H, Mroginski MA, Hildebrandt P, Weidinger I. Switchable Redox Chemistry of the Hexameric Tyrosine-Coordinated Heme Protein. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:3955-3964. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b01286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Kielb
- Institut
für Chemie, Sekr. PC14, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tillmann Utesch
- Institut
für Chemie, Sekr. PC14, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jacek Kozuch
- Institut
für Chemie, Sekr. PC14, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5012, United States
| | - Jae-Hun Jeoung
- Institute
of Biology, Humboldt Universität Berlin, Philippstrasse
13, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Dobbek
- Institute
of Biology, Humboldt Universität Berlin, Philippstrasse
13, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Andrea Mroginski
- Institut
für Chemie, Sekr. PC14, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Hildebrandt
- Institut
für Chemie, Sekr. PC14, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Inez Weidinger
- Department
of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
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18
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Al-Lolage FA, Meneghello M, Ma S, Ludwig R, Bartlett PN. A Flexible Method for the Stable, Covalent Immobilization of Enzymes at Electrode Surfaces. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201700135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Firas A. Al-Lolage
- Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences; University of Southampton; Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; University of Mosul; Mosul Iraq
| | - Marta Meneghello
- Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences; University of Southampton; Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Su Ma
- Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Muthgasse 18 Vienna A-1190 Austria
| | - Roland Ludwig
- Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Muthgasse 18 Vienna A-1190 Austria
| | - Philip N. Bartlett
- Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences; University of Southampton; Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
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19
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A Polymer Multilayer Based Amperometric Biosensor for the Detection of Lactose in the Presence of High Concentrations of Glucose. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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20
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Redox induced protonation of heme propionates in cytochrome c oxidase: Insights from surface enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy and QM/MM calculations. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1858:103-108. [PMID: 27810193 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the coupling between heme reduction and proton translocation in cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) is still an open problem. The propionic acids of heme a3 have been proposed to act as a proton loading site (PLS) in the proton pumping pathway, yet this proposal could not be verified by experimental data so far. We have set up an experiment where the redox states of the two hemes in CcO can be controlled via external electrical potential. Surface enhanced resonance Raman (SERR) spectroscopy was applied to simultaneously monitor the redox state of the hemes and the protonation state of the heme propionates. Simulated spectra based on QM/MM calculations were used to assign the resonant enhanced CH2 twisting modes of the propionates to the protonation state of the individual heme a and heme a3 propionates respectively. The comparison between calculated and measured H2OD2O difference spectra allowed a sound band assignment. In the fully reduced enzyme at least three of the four heme propionates were found to be protonated whereas in the presence of a reduced heme a and an oxidized heme a3 only protonation of one heme a3 propionates was observed. Our data supports the postulated scenario where the heme a3 propionates are involved in the proton pathway.
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21
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Tello A, Cao R, Marchant MJ, Gomez H. Conformational Changes of Enzymes and Aptamers Immobilized on Electrodes. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:2581-2591. [PMID: 27748603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Conformation constitutes a vital property of biomolecules, especially in the cases of enzymes and aptamers, and is essential in defining their molecular recognition ability. When biomolecules are immobilized on electrode surfaces, it is very important to have a control on all the possible conformational changes that may occur, either upon the recognition of their targets or by undesired alterations. Both enzymes and aptamers immobilized on electrodes are susceptible to conformational changes as a response to the nature of the charge of the surface and of the surrounding environment (pH, temperature, ionic strength, etc.). The main goal of this review is to analyze how the conformational changes of enzymes and aptamers immobilized on electrode surfaces have been treated in reports on biosensors and biofuel cells. This topic was selected due to insufficient information found on the actual conformational changes involved in the function of these bioelectrochemical devices despite its importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Tello
- Universidad Andres Bello , Bionanotechnology and Microbiology Lab, Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, República 239, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Cao
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso , Avenida Universidad 330, Curauma, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - María José Marchant
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso , Avenida Universidad 330, Curauma, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Humberto Gomez
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso , Avenida Universidad 330, Curauma, Valparaíso, Chile
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22
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Vibrational Spectroscopic Techniques for Probing Bioelectrochemical Systems. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 158:75-110. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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23
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Schulz C, Kittl R, Ludwig R, Gorton L. Direct Electron Transfer from the FAD Cofactor of Cellobiose Dehydrogenase to Electrodes. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b01854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Schulz
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Roman Kittl
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Food Biotechnology Laboratory, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Ludwig
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Food Biotechnology Laboratory, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lo Gorton
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
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24
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A novel bio-electronic tongue using different cellobiose dehydrogenases to resolve mixtures of various sugars and interfering analytes. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 79:515-21. [PMID: 26748369 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel application of cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) as sensing element for a Bioelectronic Tongue (BioET) system has been tested. In this work CDHs from various fungi, which exhibit different substrate specificities, were used to discriminate between lactose and glucose in presence of the interfering matrix compound Ca(2+) in various mixtures. This work exploits the advantage of an electronic tongue system with practically zero pre-treatment of samples and operation at low voltages in a direct electron transfer mode. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) used in the BioET system to interpret the voltammetric data was able to provide a correct prediction of the concentrations of the analytes considered. Correlation coefficients in the comparison of obtained vs. expected concentrations were highly significant, especially for lactose (R(2)=0.975) and Ca(2+) (R(2)=0.945). This BioET application has a high potential especially for the food and dairy industry and also, if further miniaturised in screen printed format, for its in-situ use.
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25
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Ly HK, Wrzolek P, Heidary N, Götz R, Horch M, Kozuch J, Schwalbe M, Weidinger IM. 2 nd coordination sphere controlled electron transfer of iron hangman complexes on electrodes probed by surface enhanced vibrational spectroscopy. Chem Sci 2015; 6:6999-7007. [PMID: 29861938 PMCID: PMC5947519 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02560e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface enhanced vibrational spectroscopy shows the correlation between electron transfer kinetics and protonation degree of Fe Hangman complexes on electrodes.
Iron hangman complexes exhibit improved catalytic properties regarding O2 and H2O2 reduction, which are attributed to the presence of a proton donating group in defined vicinity of the catalytic metal centre. Surface enhanced resonance Raman (SERR) and IR (SEIRA) spectro-electrochemistry has been applied concomitantly for the first time to analyse such iron hangman porphyrin complexes attached to electrodes in aqueous solution. While the SERR spectra yield information about the redox state of the central iron, the SEIRA spectra show protonation and deprotonation events of the 2nd coordination sphere. To investigate the influence of a proton active hanging group on the heterogeneous electron transfer between the iron porphyrin and the electrode, two hangman complexes with either an acid or ester functional group were compared. Using time resolved SERR spectroscopy the electron transfer rates of both complexes were determined. Complexes with an acid group showed a slow electron transfer rate at neutral pH that increased significantly at pH 4, while complexes with an ester group exhibited a much faster, but pH independent rate. SEIRA measurements were able to determine directly for the first time a pKa value of 3.4 of a carboxylic hanging group in the immobilized state that shifted to 5.2 in D2O buffer solution. The kinetic data showed an increase of the heterogeneous electron transfer rate with the protonation degree of the acid groups. From these results, we propose a PCET which is strongly modulated by the protonation state of the acid hanging group via hydrogen bond interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Ly
- Department of Chemistry , Technische Universität Berlin , PC14, Straße des 17. Juni 135 , D-10623 Berlin , Germany . ;
| | - P Wrzolek
- Department of Chemistry , Humboldt Universität zu Berlin , Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 , D-12489 Berlin , Germany .
| | - N Heidary
- Department of Chemistry , Technische Universität Berlin , PC14, Straße des 17. Juni 135 , D-10623 Berlin , Germany . ;
| | - R Götz
- Department of Chemistry , Technische Universität Berlin , PC14, Straße des 17. Juni 135 , D-10623 Berlin , Germany . ;
| | - M Horch
- Department of Chemistry , Technische Universität Berlin , PC14, Straße des 17. Juni 135 , D-10623 Berlin , Germany . ;
| | - J Kozuch
- Department of Chemistry , Technische Universität Berlin , PC14, Straße des 17. Juni 135 , D-10623 Berlin , Germany . ;
| | - M Schwalbe
- Department of Chemistry , Humboldt Universität zu Berlin , Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 , D-12489 Berlin , Germany .
| | - I M Weidinger
- Department of Chemistry , Technische Universität Berlin , PC14, Straße des 17. Juni 135 , D-10623 Berlin , Germany . ;
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