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Mezei I, Valverde-Garcia P, Siebert MW, Gomez LE, Torne M, Watson GB, Raquel AM, Fereres A, Sparks TC. Impact of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor mutation R81T on the response of European Myzus persicae populations to imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor in laboratory and in the field. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 187:105187. [PMID: 36127049 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sulfoxaflor (Isoclast™ active) is a sulfoximine insecticide that is active on a broad range of sap-feeding insects, including species that exhibit reduced susceptibility to currently available insecticides. Colonies of Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) were established from aphids collected in the field from peach (Prunus persica) and nectarine (Prunus persica var. nucipersica) orchards in France, Italy and Spain. The presence of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) point mutation R81T was determined for all the colonies. Eight of the 35 colonies collected were susceptible relative to R81T (i.e., R81T absent), three of the colonies were found to be homozygous for R81T while 24 colonies had R81T present in some proportion (heterozygous). Sulfoxaflor and imidacloprid were tested in the laboratory against these M. persicae field colonies, which exhibited a wide range of susceptibilities (sulfoxaflor RR = 0.6 to 61, imidacloprid RR = 0.7 to 986) (resistance ratios, RR) to both insecticides. Although sulfoxaflor was consistently more active than imidacloprid against these field collected M. persicae, there was a statistically significant correlation across all colonies between the RRs for imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor (Pearson's r = 0.939, p < 0.0001). However, when a larger group of the colonies from Spain possessing R81T were analyzed, there was no correlation observed for the RRs between imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor (r = 0.2901, p = 0.3604). Thus, consistent with prior studies, the presence of R81T by itself is not well correlated with altered susceptibility to sulfoxaflor. In field trials, sulfoxaflor (24 and 36 gai/ha) was highly effective (~avg. 88-96% control) against M. persicae, demonstrating similar levels of efficacy as flonicamid (60-70 gai/ha) and spirotetramat (100-180 gai/ha) at 13-15 days after application, in contrast to imidacloprid (110-190 gai/ha) and acetamiprid (50-75 gai/ha) with lower levels of efficacy (~avg. 62-67% control). Consequently, sulfoxaflor is an effective tool for use in insect pest management programs for M. persicae. However, it is recommended that sulfoxaflor be used in the context of an insecticide resistance management program as advocated by the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee involving rotation with insecticides possessing other modes of action (i.e., avoiding rotation with other Group 4 insecticides) to minimize the chances for resistance development and to extend its future utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imre Mezei
- Corteva Agriscience, Neumann János u.1, 2040 Budaőrs, Hungary.
| | - Pablo Valverde-Garcia
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268, United States of America
| | - Melissa W Siebert
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268, United States of America
| | - Luis E Gomez
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268, United States of America
| | - Maria Torne
- Corteva Agriscience, Joaquín Turina 2, Oficina 6, 28224 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Gerald B Watson
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268, United States of America
| | - Abad M Raquel
- Corteva Agriscience, Joaquín Turina 2, Oficina 6, 28224 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Alberto Fereres
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient.ficas, ICA-CSIC, Calle Serrano 115 dpdo, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas C Sparks
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268, United States of America
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Jeschke P, Lösel P, Hellwege E, Dietz M, Herrmann S, Gutbrod O. N-Hetaryl-[2(1 H)-pyridinyliden]cyanamides: A New Class of Systemic Insecticides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:11097-11108. [PMID: 35749741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The new chemical class N-hetaryl-[2(1H)-pyridinylidene]cyanamides were inspired by the long known five-ring structure 2-chloro-5-[2-(nitro-methylene)-1-imidazolidinyl]-pyridine (Shell) and the current development candidate flupyrimin (Meiji Seika Pharma) via scaffold hopping and the concept for designing "shortened structures" by omitting the "methylene link" as a structural feature. The most active N-hetaryl-[2(1H)-pyridinylidene]cyanamides can be synthesized on a technical scale by a simple manufacturing procedure. As full nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists, the compounds bind with low affinity at the orthosteric binding site of nAChR. In molecular modeling studies, structural differences are visible in the superposition of active N-[6'-(trifluoromethyl)[1(2H),3'-bipyridin]-2-ylidene]cyanamide onto imidacloprid (IMD) and sulfoxaflor (SXF) in bound conformation. On the basis of their physicochemical properties, the most active xylem systemic candidates offer excellent aphicidal activity in vegetables and cotton, when applied as a foliar spray, by soil drench application, or, in particular, as seed dressing for seed treatment uses. Selected candidates show good plant compatibility and reveal a better risk profile with respect to bee pollinators than the majority of currently registered nAChR competitive modulators for seed treatment uses. Applied as a seed dressing in greenhouse profiling, good to excellent control of different aphid species has been observed. In field trials, an interesting level of activity potential against cereal grain aphids (inclusive virus vector control), corn rootworm, and wireworm could be demonstrated. According to molecular modeling investigations (Fukui functions, dipole moments, and electrostatic potentials), there is a broad scope for structure optimization of the chemical class leading to proposals for novel bicyclic insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jeschke
- Research & Development, Pest Control Chemistry, Bayer AG, Crop Science, Building 6550, Alfred-Nobel-Straße 50, D-40789 Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Peter Lösel
- Research & Development, Pest Control Biology, Bayer AG, Crop Science, Building 6220, Alfred-Nobel-Straße 50, D-40789 Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Elke Hellwege
- Research & Development, Pest Control Biology, Bayer AG, Crop Science, Building 6220, Alfred-Nobel-Straße 50, D-40789 Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Michael Dietz
- Seed Growth, Bayer AG, Crop Science, Building 6100, Alfred-Nobel-Straße 50, D-40789 Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Stefan Herrmann
- Research & Development, Pest Control Biology, Bayer AG, Crop Science, Building 6220, Alfred-Nobel-Straße 50, D-40789 Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Oliver Gutbrod
- Computational Life Science, Bayer AG, Crop Science, Building 6550, Alfred-Nobel-Straße 50, D-40789 Monheim am Rhein, Germany
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Montgomery M, Rendine S, Zimmer CT, Elias J, Schaetzer J, Pitterna T, Benfatti F, Skaljac M, Bigot A. Structural Biology-Guided Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Insect Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Orthosteric Modulators. J Med Chem 2022; 65:2297-2312. [PMID: 34986308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel and safe insecticides remains an important need for a growing world population to protect crops and animal and human health. New chemotypes modulating the insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors have been recently brought to the agricultural market, yet with limited understanding of their molecular interactions at their target receptor. Herein, we disclose the first crystal structures of these insecticides, namely, sulfoxaflor, flupyradifurone, triflumezopyrim, flupyrimin, and the experimental compound, dicloromezotiaz, in a double-mutated acetylcholine-binding protein which mimics the insect-ion-channel orthosteric site. Enabled by these findings, we discovered novel pharmacophores with a related mode of action, and we describe herein their design, synthesis, and biological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Montgomery
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, RG42 6EY Bracknell, Berkshire, U.K
| | - Stefano Rendine
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Christoph T Zimmer
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Jan Elias
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Rosentalstrasse 67, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Schaetzer
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Pitterna
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Fides Benfatti
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Marisa Skaljac
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Bigot
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
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Watson GB, Siebert MW, Wang NX, Loso MR, Sparks TC. Sulfoxaflor - A sulfoximine insecticide: Review and analysis of mode of action, resistance and cross-resistance. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 178:104924. [PMID: 34446200 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The sulfoximines, as exemplified by sulfoxaflor (Isoclast™active), are a relatively new class of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulator (Insecticide Resistance Action Committee [IRAC] Group 4C) insecticides that provide control of a wide range of sap-feeding insect pests. The sulfoximine chemistry and sulfoxaflor exhibits distinct interactions with metabolic enzymes and nAChRs compared to other IRAC Group 4 insecticides such as the neonicotinoids (Group 4A). These distinctions translate to notable differences in the frequency and degree of cross-resistance between sulfoxaflor and other insecticides. Most insect strains exhibiting resistance to a variety of insecticides, including neonicotinoids, exhibited little to no cross-resistance to sulfoxaflor. To date, only two laboratory-based studies involving four strains (Koo et al. 2014, Chen et al. 2017) have observed substantial cross-resistance (>100 fold) to sulfoxaflor in neonicotinoid resistant insects. Where higher levels of cross-resistance to sulfoxaflor are observed the magnitude of that resistance is far less than that of the selecting neonicotinoid. Importantly, there is no correlation between presence of resistance to neonicotinoids (i.e., imidacloprid, acetamiprid) and cross-resistance to sulfoxaflor. This phenomenon is consistent with and can be attributed to the unique and differentiated chemical class represented by sulfoxalfor. Recent studies have demonstrated that high levels of resistance (resistance ratio = 124-366) to sulfoxaflor can be selected for in the laboratory which thus far appear to be associated with enhanced metabolism by specific cytochrome P450s, although other resistance mechanisms have not yet been excluded. One hypothesis is that sulfoxaflor selects for and is susceptible to a subset of P450s with different substrate specificity. A range of chemoinformatic, molecular modeling, metabolism and target-site studies have been published. These studies point to distinctions in the chemistry of sulfoxaflor, and its metabolism by enzymes associated with resistance to other insecticides, as well as its interaction with insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, further supporting the subgrouping of sulfoxaflor (Group 4C) separate from that of other Group 4 insecticides. Herein is an expansion of an earlier review (Sparks et al. 2013), providing an update that considers prior and current studies focused on the mode of action of sulfoxaflor, along with an analysis of the presently available resistance / cross-resistance studies, and implications and recommendations regarding resistance management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald B Watson
- Corteva Agriscience LLC, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268, United States of America.
| | - Melissa W Siebert
- Corteva Agriscience LLC, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268, United States of America
| | - Nick X Wang
- Corteva Agriscience LLC, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268, United States of America
| | - Michael R Loso
- Corteva Agriscience LLC, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268, United States of America
| | - Thomas C Sparks
- Corteva Agriscience LLC, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268, United States of America
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5
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Malhotra N, Chen KHC, Huang JC, Lai HT, Uapipatanakul B, Roldan MJM, Macabeo APG, Ger TR, Hsiao CD. Physiological Effects of Neonicotinoid Insecticides on Non-Target Aquatic Animals-An Updated Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9591. [PMID: 34502500 PMCID: PMC8431157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we review the effects of large-scale neonicotinoid contaminations in the aquatic environment on non-target aquatic invertebrate and vertebrate species. These aquatic species are the fauna widely exposed to environmental changes and chemical accumulation in bodies of water. Neonicotinoids are insecticides that target the nicotinic type acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the central nervous systems (CNS) and are considered selective neurotoxins for insects. However, studies on their physiologic impacts and interactions with non-target species are limited. In researches dedicated to exploring physiologic and toxic outcomes of neonicotinoids, studies relating to the effects on vertebrate species represent a minority case compared to invertebrate species. For aquatic species, the known effects of neonicotinoids are described in the level of organismal, behavioral, genetic and physiologic toxicities. Toxicological studies were reported based on the environment of bodies of water, temperature, salinity and several other factors. There exists a knowledge gap on the relationship between toxicity outcomes to regulatory risk valuation. It has been a general observation among studies that neonicotinoid insecticides demonstrate significant toxicity to an extensive variety of invertebrates. Comprehensive analysis of data points to a generalization that field-realistic and laboratory exposures could result in different or non-comparable results in some cases. Aquatic invertebrates perform important roles in balancing a healthy ecosystem, thus rapid screening strategies are necessary to verify physiologic and toxicological impacts. So far, much of the studies describing field tests on non-target species are inadequate and in many cases, obsolete. Considering the current literature, this review addresses important information gaps relating to the impacts of neonicotinoids on the environment and spring forward policies, avoiding adverse biological and ecological effects on a range of non-target aquatic species which might further impair the whole of the aquatic ecological web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nemi Malhotra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan;
| | - Kelvin H.-C. Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Pingtung University, Pingtung 900391, Taiwan; (K.H.-C.C.); (J.-C.H.)
| | - Jong-Chin Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Pingtung University, Pingtung 900391, Taiwan; (K.H.-C.C.); (J.-C.H.)
| | - Hong-Thih Lai
- Department of Aquatic Biosciences, National Chiayi University, 300 University Rd., Chiayi 60004, Taiwan;
| | - Boontida Uapipatanakul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology, Thanyaburi 12110, Thailand;
| | - Marri Jmelou M. Roldan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Espana Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines;
| | - Allan Patrick G. Macabeo
- Laboratory for Organic Reactivity, Discovery and Synthesis (LORDS), Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Espana Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines
| | - Tzong-Rong Ger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan;
- Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
- Research Center for Aquatic Toxicology and Pharmacology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Der Hsiao
- Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
- Research Center for Aquatic Toxicology and Pharmacology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
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6
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Liu B, Preisser EL, Yang Z, Jiao X, Zhang Y. Sulfoxaflor Alters Bemisia tabaci MED (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Preference, Feeding, and TYLCV Transmission. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 114:1568-1574. [PMID: 34171099 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many damaging agricultural pests can, in addition to their direct feeding damage, acquire and transmit plant pathogens. Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is considered a 'supervector' of disease-causing plant pathogens and viruses. One of the most damaging of these is Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a circulatively transmitted begomovirus than can extensively damage field and greenhouse crops. Because sustained feeding periods are necessary to acquire and transmit circulatively transmitted viruses, pesticides that, in addition to their direct lethality, suppress feeding in surviving individuals may be particularly effective in decreasing viral transmission. We assessed the impact of sulfoxaflor, a sulfoximine insecticide, on the settling preference, feeding, and viral transmission of TYLCV-carrying B. tabaci on tomato. We found that viruliferous B. tabaci avoided both settling and feeding on sulfoxaflor-treated plants, and that sulfoxaflor virtually eliminated the transmission of TYLCV by B. tabaci. The antifeedant properties of sulfoxaflor have previously been reported in other pest systems; our results document similar effects on viruliferous B. tabaci and demonstrate that this pesticide can reduce TYLCV transmission by surviving individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiming Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Evan L Preisser
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Zezhong Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Xiaoguo Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Center for Behavioral Ecology & Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Department of Entomology, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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7
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Liu B, Preisser EL, Jiao X, Xu W, Zhang Y. Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Flupyradifurone on Bemisia tabaci MED (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Feeding Behavior and TYLCV Transmission in Tomato. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 114:1072-1080. [PMID: 33825898 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides primarily affect target organisms via direct toxicity, but may also alter the feeding behaviors of surviving individuals in ways that alter their effect on host plants. The latter impact is especially important when pests can transmit plant pathogens. The Mediterranean (MED) population of the sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) transmits Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a pathogen that can be economically devastating in field and greenhouse cropping systems. We first assessed the impact of sublethal (LC15) and label concentrations of flupyradifurone, a butenolide-derived insecticide, on the feeding behavior of TYLCV-infected MED on tomato. We next measured the effect of flupyradifurone on plant TYLCV load, vector transmission efficiency, and MED survival. Both the LC15 and label flupyradifurone concentrations dramatically altered MED feeding and caused the near cessation of both salivation and phloem ingestion (necessary for viral transmission and acquisition, respectively). Both concentrations also significantly reduced plant TYLCV load, and the label rate of flupyradifurone sharply decreased TYLCV transmission while killing >99% of MED. As the first report of pesticide-induced changes in the feeding behavior of viruliferous Bemisia, our findings highlight the potential importance of chemically driven feeding cessation in the control of TYLCV and other Bemisia-transmitted plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiming Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Evan L Preisser
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Xiaoguo Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Center for Behavioral Ecology & Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Weihong Xu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Department of Entomology, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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8
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Perry T, Chen W, Ghazali R, Yang YT, Christesen D, Martelli F, Lumb C, Bao Luong HN, Mitchell J, Holien JK, Parker MW, Sparks TC, Batterham P. Role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits in the mode of action of neonicotinoid, sulfoximine and spinosyn insecticides in Drosophila melanogaster. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 131:103547. [PMID: 33548485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides remain valuable tools for the control of insect pests that significantly impact human health and agriculture. A deeper understanding of insecticide targets is important in maintaining this control over pests. Our study systematically investigates the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) gene family, in order to identify the receptor subunits critical to the insect response to insecticides from three distinct chemical classes (neonicotinoids, spinosyns and sulfoximines). Applying the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology in D. melanogaster, we were able to generate and maintain homozygous mutants for eight nAChR subunit genes. A ninth gene (Dβ1) was investigated using somatic CRISPR in neural cells to overcome the low viability of the homozygous germline knockout mutant. These findings highlight the specificity of the spinosyn class insecticide, spinosad, to receptors containing the Dα6 subunit. By way of contrast, neonicotinoids are likely to target multiple receptor subtypes, beyond those receptor subunit combinations previously identified. Significant differences in the impacts of specific nAChR subunit deletions on the resistance level of flies to neonicotinoids imidacloprid and nitenpyram indicate that the receptor subtypes they target do not completely overlap. While an R81T mutation in β1 subunits has revealed residues co-ordinating binding of sulfoximines and neonicotinoids differ, the resistance profiles of a deletion of Dβ1 examined here provide new insights into the mode of action of sulfoxaflor (sulfoximine) and identify Dβ1 as a key component of nAChRs targeted by both these insecticide classes. A comparison of resistance phenotypes found in this study to resistance reported in insect pests reveals a strong conservation of subunit targets across many different insect species and that mutations have been identified in most of the receptor subunits that our findings would predict to have the potential to confer resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent Perry
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Wei Chen
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Razi Ghazali
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Ying Ting Yang
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Danielle Christesen
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Felipe Martelli
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Chris Lumb
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia; Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Hang Ngoc Bao Luong
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Judith Mitchell
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Jessica K Holien
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes St, Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065, Australia
| | - Michael W Parker
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes St, Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Thomas C Sparks
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionville Road, Indianapolis, IN, 46268, USA
| | - Philip Batterham
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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9
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Beck ME, Riplinger C, Neese F, Bistoni G. Unraveling individual host-guest interactions in molecular recognition from first principles quantum mechanics: Insights into the nature of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist binding. J Comput Chem 2021; 42:293-302. [PMID: 33232540 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Drug binding to a protein target is governed by a complex pattern of noncovalent interactions between the ligand and the residues in the protein's binding pocket. Here we introduce a generally applicable, parameter-free, computational method that allows for the identification, quantification, and analysis of the key ligand-residue interactions responsible for molecular recognition. Our strategy relies on Local Energy Decomposition analysis at the "gold-standard" coupled cluster DLPNO-CCSD(T) level. In the study case shown in this paper, nicotine and imidacloprid binding to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, our approach provides new insights into how individual amino acids in the active site determine sensitivity and selectivity of the ligands, extending and refining classical pharmacophore hypotheses. By inference, the method is applicable to any kind of host/guest interactions with potential applications in industrial biocatalysis and protein engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Edmund Beck
- Department Computational Life Science, Bayer AG, Division Cropscience, Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | | | - Frank Neese
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Giovanni Bistoni
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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Jeschke P. Status and outlook for acaricide and insecticide discovery. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:64-76. [PMID: 32926594 PMCID: PMC7756306 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
To guarantee sustainability and progress, the agrochemical industry is faced with several major challenges. Currently, loss of active ingredients due to consumer perception, changing grower needs and ever-changing regulatory requirements is far higher than the number being introduced into the market. Therefore, there is a need to develop new products that can provide improved efficacy, selectivity and favorable environmental profiles. Strategies to achieve these goals are the search for acaricides and insecticides with new modes of action, or the discovery of novel molecules with activity on the most attractive target sites having resistance breaking properties against pest species. In this context, the introduction of halogen atoms or asymmetric centers into an active ingredient remains an important tool to modulate their properties, but so too is the pro-pesticide concept. This review gives an overview of agrochemicals launched over the past 8 years, reflects new insights into known mechanisms of action, and describes the status and outlook for acaricide and insecticide discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jeschke
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Crop SciencePest Control ChemistryMonheim am RheinGermany
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11
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A binding mode hypothesis for prothioconazole binding to CYP51 derived from first principles quantum chemistry. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2020; 35:493-503. [PMID: 32638183 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-020-00331-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In order to assess safety and efficacy of small molecule drugs as well as agrochemicals, it is key to understanding the nature of protein-ligand interaction on an atomistic level. Prothioconazole (PTZ), although commonly considered to be an azole-like inhibitor of sterol 14-α demethylase (CYP51), differs from classical azoles with respect to how it binds its target. The available evidence is only indirect, as crystallographic elucidation of CYP51 complexed with PTZ have not yet been successful. We derive a binding mode hypothesis for PTZ binding its target, compare to DPZ, a triazole-type metabolite of PTZ, and set our findings into context of its biochemistry and spectroscopy. Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) analysis of computed DFT electron densities is used to qualitatively understand the topology of binding, revealing significant differences of how R- and S-enantiomers are binding and, in particular, how the thiozolinthione head of PTZ binds to heme compared to DPZ's triazole head. The difference of binding enthalpy is calculated at coupled cluster (DLPNO-CCSD(T)) level of theory, and we find that DPZ binds stronger to CYP51 than PTZ by more than ΔH ~ 11 kcal/mol.
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12
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Alamiddine Z, Selvam B, Graton J, Laurent AD, Landagaray E, Lebreton J, Mathé-Allainmat M, Thany SH, Le Questel JY. Binding of Sulfoxaflor to Aplysia californica-AChBP: Computational Insights from Multiscale Approaches. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:3755-3769. [PMID: 31361951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Structural features and binding properties of sulfoxaflor (SFX) with Ac-AChBP, the surrogate of the insect nAChR ligand binding domain (LBD), are reported herein using various complementary molecular modeling approaches (QM, molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and QM/QM'). The different SFX stereoisomers show distinct behaviors in terms of binding and interactions with Ac-AChBP. Molecular docking and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations highlight the specific intermolecular contacts involved in the binding of the different SFX isomers and the relative contribution of the SFX functional groups. QM/QM' calculations provide further insights and a significant refinement of the geometric and energetic contributions of the various residues leading to a preference for the SS and RR stereoisomers. Notable differences in terms of binding interactions are pointed out for the four stereoisomers. The results point out the induced fit of the Ac-AChBP binding site according to the SFX stereoisomer. In this process, the water molecules-mediated contacts play a key role, their energetic contribution being among the most important for the various stereoisomers. In all cases, the interaction with Trp147 is the major binding component, through CH···π and π···π interactions. This study provides a rationale for the binding of SFX to insect nAChR, in particular with respect to the new class of sulfoximine-based insect nAChR competitive modulators, and points out the requirements of various levels of theory for an accurate description of ligand-receptor interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Alamiddine
- CEISAM UMR CNRS 6230, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes , 2 rue de la Houssinière , BP 92208, Nantes F-44322 , France
| | - Balaji Selvam
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Mathews Avenue, Roger Adams Laboratory , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Jérôme Graton
- CEISAM UMR CNRS 6230, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes , 2 rue de la Houssinière , BP 92208, Nantes F-44322 , France
| | - Adèle D Laurent
- CEISAM UMR CNRS 6230, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes , 2 rue de la Houssinière , BP 92208, Nantes F-44322 , France
| | - Elodie Landagaray
- Université d'Orléans, Institut de Chimie Organique Analytique, UMR CNRS 7311 , rue de Chartres , BP 6759, Orléans 45067 Cedex 2 , France
| | - Jacques Lebreton
- CEISAM UMR CNRS 6230, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes , 2 rue de la Houssinière , BP 92208, Nantes F-44322 , France
| | - Monique Mathé-Allainmat
- CEISAM UMR CNRS 6230, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes , 2 rue de la Houssinière , BP 92208, Nantes F-44322 , France
| | - Steeve H Thany
- Université d'Orléans, Laboratoire Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, USC INRA 1328 . Rue de Chartres , BP 6759, Orléans 45067 Cedex 2 , France
| | - Jean-Yves Le Questel
- CEISAM UMR CNRS 6230, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes , 2 rue de la Houssinière , BP 92208, Nantes F-44322 , France
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Hesselbach H, Scheiner R. The novel pesticide flupyradifurone (Sivanto) affects honeybee motor abilities. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:354-366. [PMID: 30826953 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02028-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Honeybees and other pollinators are threatened by changing landscapes and pesticides resulting from intensified agriculture. In 2018 the European Union prohibited the outdoor use of three neonicotinoid insecticides due to concerns about pollinators. A new pesticide by the name of "Sivanto" was recently released by Bayer AG. Its active ingredient flupyradifurone binds to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AchR) in the honeybee brain, similar to neonicotinoids. Nevertheless, flupyradifurone is assumed to be harmless for honeybees and can even be applied on flowering crops. So far, only little has been known about sublethal effects of flupyradifurone on honeybees. Intact motor functions are decisive for numerous behaviors including foraging and dancing. We therefore selected a motor assay to investigate in how far sublethal doses of this pesticide affect behavior in young summer and long-lived winter honeybees. Our results demonstrate that flupyradifurone (830 µmol/l) can evoke motor disabilities and disturb normal motor behavior after a single oral administration (1.2 µg/bee). These effects are stronger in long-lived winter bees than in young summer bees. After offering an equal amount of pesticide (1.0-1.75 µg) continuously over 24 h with food the observed effects are slighter. For comparisons we repeated our experiments with the neonicotinoid imidacloprid. Intriguingly, the alterations in behavior induced by this pesticide (4 ng/bee) were different and longer-lasting compared to flupyradifurone, even though both substances bind to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Hesselbach
- Biocenter, Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 43, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Ricarda Scheiner
- Biocenter, Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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Landelle G, Schmitt E, Panossian A, Vors JP, Pazenok S, Jeschke P, Gutbrod O, Leroux FR. Tri- and difluoromethoxylated N-based heterocycles − Synthesis and insecticidal activity of novel F3CO- and F2HCO-analogues of Imidacloprid and Thiacloprid. J Fluor Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Discovery, synthesis, biological evaluation and structure-based optimization of novel piperidine derivatives as acetylcholine-binding protein ligands. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017; 38:146-155. [PMID: 27917874 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The homomeric α7 nicotinic receptor (α7 nAChR) is widely expressed in the human brain that could be activated to suppress neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and neuropathic pain. Consequently, a number of α7 nAChR agonists have entered clinical trials as anti-Alzheimer's or anti-psychotic therapies. However, high-resolution crystal structure of the full-length α7 receptor is thus far unavailable. Since acetylcholine-binding protein (AChBP) from Lymnaea stagnalis is most closely related to the α-subunit of nAChRs, it has been used as a template for the N-terminal domain of α-subunit of nAChR to study the molecular recognition process of nAChR-ligand interactions, and to identify ligands with potential nAChR-like activities.Here we report the discovery and optimization of novel acetylcholine-binding protein ligands through screening, structure-activity relationships and structure-based design. We manually screened in-house CNS-biased compound library in vitro and identified compound 1, a piperidine derivative, as an initial hit with moderate binding affinity against AChBP (17.2% inhibition at 100 nmol/L). During the 1st round of optimization, with compound 2 (21.5% inhibition at 100 nmol/L) as the starting point, 13 piperidine derivatives with different aryl substitutions were synthesized and assayed in vitro. No apparent correlation was demonstrated between the binding affinities and the steric or electrostatic effects of aryl substitutions for most compounds, but compound 14 showed a higher affinity (Ki=105.6 nmol/L) than nicotine (Ki=777 nmol/L). During the 2nd round of optimization, we performed molecular modeling of the putative complex of compound 14 with AChBP, and compared it with the epibatidine-AChBP complex. The results suggested that a different piperidinyl substitution might confer a better fit for epibatidine as the reference compound. Thus, compound 15 was designed and identified as a highly affinitive acetylcholine-binding protein ligand. In this study, through two rounds of optimization, compound 15 (Ki=2.8 nmol/L) has been identified as a novel, piperidine-based acetylcholine-binding protein ligand with a high affinity.
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16
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Wang NX, Watson GB, Loso MR, Sparks TC. Molecular modeling of sulfoxaflor and neonicotinoid binding in insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: impact of the Myzus β1 R81T mutation. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2016; 72:1467-1474. [PMID: 26732903 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sulfoxaflor (Isoclast™ active), a new sulfoximine-class insecticide, targets sap-feeding insect pests, including those resistant to neonicotinoids. Sulfoxaflor acts on the insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in a distinct manner relative to neonicotinoids. Unlike any of the neonicotinoids, sulfoxaflor has four stereoisomers. A homology model of Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) based on the ACh binding protein from Aplysia californica, overlaid with M. persicae nAChR sequence (α2 and β1 subunits) was used to investigate the interactions of the sulfoxaflor stereoisomers with WT and R81T versions of the nAChR. RESULTS Whole-molecule van der Waals interactions are highly correlated with the binding affinity for the neonicotinoids and correctly predict the rank order of binding affinity for neonicotinoids and sulfoxaflor. The R81T mutation in M. persicae nAChR is predicted to have much less effect on binding of sulfoxaflor's stereoisomers than that of the neonicotinoids. CONCLUSION All four stereoisomers predictably contribute to the activity of sulfoxaflor. The WT and R81T nAChR homology models suggest that changes in a whole-molecule electrostatic energy component can potentially explain the effects of this target-site mutation on the pattern of reduced efficacy for the modeled neonicotinoids, and provide a basis for the reduced effect of this mutation on sulfoxaflor. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick X Wang
- Dow AgroSciences, Discovery Research, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Michael R Loso
- Dow AgroSciences, Discovery Research, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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