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Cuerva C, Cano M, Lodeiro C. Advanced Functional Luminescent Metallomesogens: The Key Role of the Metal Center. Chem Rev 2021; 121:12966-13010. [PMID: 34370446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of liquid crystals for the fabrication of displays incorporated in technological devices (TVs, calculators, screens of eBook's, tablets, watches) demonstrates the relevance that these materials have had in our way of living. However, society evolves, and improved devices are looked for as we create a more efficient and safe technology. In this context, metallomesogens can behave as multifunctional materials because they can combine the fluidic state of the mesophases with properties such as photo and electroluminescence, which offers new exciting possibilities in the field of optoelectronics, energy, environment, and even biomedicine. Herein, it has been established the role of the molecular geometry induced by the metal center in metallomesogens to achieve the self-assembly required in the liquid-crystalline mesophase. Likewise, the effect of the coordination environment in metallomesogens has been further analyzed because of its importance to induce mesomorphism. The structural analysis has been combined with an in-depth discussion of the properties of these materials, including their current and potential future applications. This review will provide a solid background to stimulate the development of novel and attractive metallomesogens that allow designing improved optoelectronic and microelectronic components. Additionally, nanoscience and nanotechnology could be used as a tool to approach the design of nanosystems based on luminescent metallomesogens for use in bioimaging or drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristián Cuerva
- BIOSCOPE Research Group, LAQV@REQUIMTE Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Mercedes Cano
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Lodeiro
- BIOSCOPE Research Group, LAQV@REQUIMTE Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.,PROTEOMASS Scientific Society, Rua dos Inventores, Madam Parque, Caparica Campus, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Punjani V, Mohiuddin G, Kaur S, Choudhury AR, Paladugu S, Dhara S, Ghosh S, Pal SK. Chiral Bent-Shaped Molecules Exhibiting Unusually Wide Range of Blue Liquid-Crystalline Phases and Multistimuli-Responsive Behavior. Chemistry 2020; 26:5859-5871. [PMID: 32083772 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, an unprecedented observation of polar order, thermochromic behavior, and exotic mesophases in new chiral, bent-shaped systems with a -CH3 moiety placed at the transverse position of the central core was reported. Herein, a homologous series of compounds with even-numbered carbon chains from n=4 to 18 were synthesized, in which -Cl was substituted for -CH3 at the kink position and a drastic modification in the phase structure of the bent-shaped molecule was observed. An unusual stabilization of the cubic blue phase (BP) over a wide range of 16.4 °C has been witnessed. Two homologues in this series (1-12 and 1-14) exhibit an interesting phase sequence consisting of BPI/II, chiral nematic, twist grain boundary, smectic A, and smectic X (SmX) phases. The higher homologues (1-16 and 1-18) stabilize the SmX phase enantiotropically over the entire temperature range. Crystal structure analysis confirmed the bent molecular architecture, with a bent angle of 148°, and revealed the presence of two different molecular conformations in an asymmetric unit of compound 1-4. A DFT study corroborated that the -Cl moiety at the central core of the molecule led to an increase in the dipole moment along the transverse direction, which, in turn, facilitated the unusual stabilization of frustrated structures. Crystal polymorphism has been evidenced in three homologues (1-10, 1-12, and 1-14) of the series. On the application of mechanical pressure through grinding, compound 1-10 transformed from a bright yellow crystalline solid to a dark orange-green amorphous solid, which reversed upon dropwise addition of dichloromethane, indicating reversible mechanochromism in this class of compounds. In addition, excellent thermochromic behavior has been observed for compound 1-10 with a controlled temperature-color combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhika Punjani
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, Manauli, 140306, India
| | - Golam Mohiuddin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, Manauli, 140306, India
| | - Supreet Kaur
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, Manauli, 140306, India
| | - Angshuman Roy Choudhury
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, Manauli, 140306, India
| | | | - Surajit Dhara
- School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Sharmistha Ghosh
- Department of Physics, University of Calcutta, 92 Acharyya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Santanu Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, Manauli, 140306, India
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Jain V, Mohiuddin G, Pal SK. Design, synthesis and application of 2-chloro-3-nitrobenzoic acid based three-ring bent-core molecules with a terminal halogen moiety. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Begum N, Kaur S, Mohiuddin G, Nandi R, Gupta SP, Rao NVS, Pal SK. Structural Understanding, Photoswitchability, and Supergelation of a New Class of Four Ring-Based Bent-Shaped Liquid Crystal. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:4443-4451. [PMID: 31042387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b01456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a new type of azobenzene-based unsymmetrical bent-core molecules exhibiting photoswitchability in the liquid crystalline state, solid state, and solution state and in mixture upon UV irradiation and intense visible light. The compounds exhibited solid-state photochromism upon exposure to UV light, whereas in liquid crystalline state, reversible phase transitions were observed via both UV irradiation and intense visible light exposure. Crystal structure analysis reveals the basic structural understanding such as nonplanar bent molecular shape, antiparallel arrangement of the polar bent molecules, intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonding, and different π-π interactions and interdigitation of long alkyl chains. The compounds are also found to act as supergelator toward various organic solvents. Hence, this is an excellent example of such potential bent-shaped liquid crystals that promise an immense perspective for device applications such as optical storage, molecular switches, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazma Begum
- Department of Chemistry , Assam University , Silchar 788011 , Assam , India.,Department of Chemical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali , Sector-81 , Knowledge City, Manauli 140306 , India
| | - Supreet Kaur
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali , Sector-81 , Knowledge City, Manauli 140306 , India
| | - Golam Mohiuddin
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali , Sector-81 , Knowledge City, Manauli 140306 , India
| | - Rajib Nandi
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali , Sector-81 , Knowledge City, Manauli 140306 , India
| | | | - Nandiraju V S Rao
- Department of Chemistry , Assam University , Silchar 788011 , Assam , India
| | - Santanu Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali , Sector-81 , Knowledge City, Manauli 140306 , India
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Okumuş M. Synthesis and characterization of hydrogen bonded liquid crystal complexes by 4-octyloxy benzoic acid and some dicarboxylic acids. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.06.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Gowda A, Jacob L, Joy N, Philip R, R P, Kumar S. Thermal and nonlinear optical studies of newly synthesized EDOT based bent-core and hockey-stick like liquid crystals. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04807f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterisation of novel bent-core and hockey-stick like liquid crystals from EDOT are reported. All the compounds exhibit an enantiotropic mesophase with a wide temperature range. These mesogens show good photophysical and nonlinear optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Litwin Jacob
- Raman Research Institute
- Bangalore – 560 080
- India
| | - Nithin Joy
- Raman Research Institute
- Bangalore – 560 080
- India
| | - Reji Philip
- Raman Research Institute
- Bangalore – 560 080
- India
| | - Pratibha R
- Raman Research Institute
- Bangalore – 560 080
- India
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Sundaram S, Subhasri P, Vasanthi T, Senthil TS, Jayaprakasam R, Vijayakumar VN. Experimental investigation on the effect of mesogenic ratio in hydrogen-bonded liquid crystal complexes. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2017.1283514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Sundaram
- Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Physics, Alathukombai, BIT, Sathyamangalam, Erode (Dt), Erode, India
| | - P. Subhasri
- Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Physics, Alathukombai, BIT, Sathyamangalam, Erode (Dt), Erode, India
| | - T. Vasanthi
- Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Physics, Alathukombai, BIT, Sathyamangalam, Erode (Dt), Erode, India
| | - T. S. Senthil
- Erode Sengunthar Engineering College, Physics, Thudupathi, Erode, India
| | - R. Jayaprakasam
- Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Physics, Alathukombai, BIT, Sathyamangalam, Erode (Dt), Erode, India
| | - V. N. Vijayakumar
- Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Physics, Alathukombai, BIT, Sathyamangalam, Erode (Dt), Erode, India
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Gowda A, Roy A, Kumar S. Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of novel Schiff base liquid crystalline EDOT derivatives. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kaur S, Punjani V, Mohiuddin G, Pal SK. Orthogonal smectic and nematic ordering in three-ring polar bent-core molecules with anti-parallel arrangement. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj00272f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three-ring based BLCs exhibiting orthogonal smectic and nematic phases with antiparallel arrangement as derived from SCXRD and X-ray scattering results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supreet Kaur
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali
- Manauli-140306
- India
| | - Vidhika Punjani
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali
- Manauli-140306
- India
| | - Golam Mohiuddin
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali
- Manauli-140306
- India
| | - Santanu Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali
- Manauli-140306
- India
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Nafees A, Sinha A, Rao NVS, Kalita G, Mohiuddin G, Paul MK. Design, synthesis and mesomorphic behaviour of a four-ring achiral bent-core liquid crystal in the nematic phase. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra05125a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Design, synthesis and characterization of a four-ring achiral bent-core liquid crystal with a broad range nematic phase which can be cooled down without crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Nafees
- Department of Physics
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi-110016
- India
| | - Aloka Sinha
- Department of Physics
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi-110016
- India
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