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Zheng X, Kong W, Wen J, Hong J, Luo H, Xia R, Huang Z, Luo X, Liu Z, Li H, Sun H, Wang Y, Liu C, Wu P, Gao H, Li M, Bui AD, Mo Y, Zhang X, Yang G, Chen Y, Feng Z, Nguyen HT, Lin R, Li L, Gao J, Tan H. Solvent engineering for scalable fabrication of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells in air. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4907. [PMID: 38851760 PMCID: PMC11162483 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells hold great promise for realizing high power conversion efficiency at low cost. However, achieving scalable fabrication of wide-bandgap perovskite (~1.68 eV) in air, without the protective environment of an inert atmosphere, remains challenging due to moisture-induced degradation of perovskite films. Herein, this study reveals that the extent of moisture interference is significantly influenced by the properties of solvent. We further demonstrate that n-Butanol (nBA), with its low polarity and moderate volatilization rate, not only mitigates the detrimental effects of moisture in air during scalable fabrication but also enhances the uniformity of perovskite films. This approach enables us to achieve an impressive efficiency of 29.4% (certified 28.7%) for double-sided textured perovskite/silicon tandem cells featuring large-size pyramids (2-3 μm) and 26.3% over an aperture area of 16 cm2. This advance provides a route for large-scale production of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells, marking a significant stride toward their commercial viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuntian Zheng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wenchi Kong
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Jin Wen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiajia Hong
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Haowen Luo
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Rui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of PV Science and Technology, Trina Solar, ChangZhou, 210031, China
| | - Zilong Huang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xin Luo
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhou Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hongjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of PV Science and Technology, Trina Solar, ChangZhou, 210031, China
| | - Hongfei Sun
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yurui Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chenshuaiyu Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Pu Wu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Han Gao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Manya Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Anh Dinh Bui
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, NSW, Australia
| | - Yi Mo
- State Key Laboratory of PV Science and Technology, Trina Solar, ChangZhou, 210031, China
| | - Xueling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of PV Science and Technology, Trina Solar, ChangZhou, 210031, China
| | - Guangtao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of PV Science and Technology, Trina Solar, ChangZhou, 210031, China
| | - Yifeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of PV Science and Technology, Trina Solar, ChangZhou, 210031, China
| | - Zhiqiang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of PV Science and Technology, Trina Solar, ChangZhou, 210031, China
| | - Hieu T Nguyen
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, NSW, Australia
| | - Renxing Lin
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ludong Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jifan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of PV Science and Technology, Trina Solar, ChangZhou, 210031, China.
| | - Hairen Tan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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2
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Jathar LD, Ganesan S, Awasarmol U, Nikam K, Shahapurkar K, Soudagar MEM, Fayaz H, El-Shafay AS, Kalam MA, Bouadila S, Baddadi S, Tirth V, Nizami AS, Lam SS, Rehan M. Comprehensive review of environmental factors influencing the performance of photovoltaic panels: Concern over emissions at various phases throughout the lifecycle. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 326:121474. [PMID: 36965686 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, solar photovoltaic (PV) technology has shown tremendous growth among all renewable energy sectors. The attractiveness of a PV system depends deeply of the module and it is primarily determined by its performance. The quantity of electricity and power generated by a PV cell is contingent upon a number of parameters that can be intrinsic to the PV system itself, external or environmental. Thus, to improve the PV panel performance and lifetime, it is crucial to recognize the main parameters that directly influence the module during its operational lifetime. Among these parameters there are numerous factors that positively impact a PV system including the temperature of the solar panel, humidity, wind speed, amount of light, altitude and barometric pressure. On the other hand, the module can be exposed to simultaneous environmental stresses such as dust accumulation, shading and pollution factors. All these factors can gradually decrease the performance of the PV panel. This review not only provides the factors impacting PV panel's performance but also discusses the degradation and failure parameters that can usually affect the PV technology. The major points include: 1) Total quantity of energy extracted from a photovoltaic module is impacted on a daily, quarterly, seasonal, and yearly scale by the amount of dust formed on the surface of the module. 2) Climatic conditions as high temperatures and relative humidity affect the operation of solar cells by more than 70% and lead to a considerable decrease in solar cells efficiency. 3) The PV module current can be affected by soft shading while the voltage does not vary. In the case of hard shadowing, the performance of the photovoltaic module is determined by whether some or all of the cells of the module are shaded. 4) Compared to more traditional forms of energy production, PV systems offer a significant number of advantages to the environment. Nevertheless, these systems can procure greenhouse gas emissions, especially during the production stages. In conclusion, this study underlines the importance of considering multiple parameters while evaluating the performance of photovoltaic modules. Environmental factors can have a major impact on the performance of a PV system. It is critical to consider these factors, as well as intrinsic and other intermediate factors, to optimize the performance of solar energy systems. In addition, continuous monitoring and maintenance of PV systems is essential to ensure maximum efficiency and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxmikant D Jathar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Army Institute of Technology Pune, Maharashtra, 411015, India
| | - S Ganesan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan & Dr. Sagunthala R & D Institute of Science and Technology Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600062, India
| | - Umesh Awasarmol
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Army Institute of Technology Pune, Maharashtra, 411015, India
| | - Keval Nikam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Engineering, Management and Research, Akurdi, Pune, 411044, India
| | - Kiran Shahapurkar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, 1888, Ethiopia
| | - Manzoore Elahi M Soudagar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Technology, Glocal University, Delhi-Yamunotri Marg, Uttar Pradesh, 247121, India
| | - H Fayaz
- Modeling Evolutionary Algorithms Simulation and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam
| | - A S El-Shafay
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942 Saudi Arabia; Mechanical Power Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - M A Kalam
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, FEIT, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Salwa Bouadila
- Centre de Recherches et des Technologies de L'Energie, Technopole de Borj-Cédria, B.P N° 95 2050, Hamam Lif, Ben Arous, Tunisia
| | - Sara Baddadi
- Centre de Recherches et des Technologies de L'Energie, Technopole de Borj-Cédria, B.P N° 95 2050, Hamam Lif, Ben Arous, Tunisia
| | - Vineet Tirth
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Asir, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, P.O. Box No. 9004, Asir, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Sattar Nizami
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Sustainable Development Study Centre (SDSC), Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University , Chennai, India
| | - Mohammad Rehan
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Wu J, Zhang L, Kang Q, Shi H, Li L, Chi D, Huang S, He G. A Modified Sequential Deposition Route for High-Performance Carbon-Based Perovskite Solar Cells under Atmosphere Condition. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27020481. [PMID: 35056796 PMCID: PMC8781127 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon-based hole transport material (HTM)-free perovskite solar cells have exhibited a promising commercialization prospect, attributed to their outstanding stability and low manufacturing cost. However, the serious charge recombination at the interface of the carbon counter electrode and titanium dioxide (TiO2) suppresses the improvement in the carbon-based perovskite solar cells' performance. Here, we propose a modified sequential deposition process in air, which introduces a mixed solvent to improve the morphology of lead iodide (PbI2) film. Combined with ethanol treatment, the preferred crystallization orientation of the PbI2 film is generated. This new deposition strategy can prepare a thick and compact methylammonium lead halide (MAPbI3) film under high-humidity conditions, which acts as a natural active layer that separates the carbon counter electrode and TiO2. Meanwhile, the modified sequential deposition method provides a simple way to facilitate the conversion of the ultrathick PbI2 capping layer to MAPbI3, as the light absorption layer. By adjusting the thickness of the MAPbI3 capping layer, we achieved a power conversation efficiency (PCE) of 12.5% for the carbon-based perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Wu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronic Devices, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (J.W.); (L.Z.); (Q.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Lei Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronic Devices, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (J.W.); (L.Z.); (Q.K.); (H.S.)
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (L.L.); (G.H.)
| | - Qiao Kang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronic Devices, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (J.W.); (L.Z.); (Q.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Hongxi Shi
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronic Devices, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (J.W.); (L.Z.); (Q.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Long Li
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (L.L.); (G.H.)
| | - Dan Chi
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronic Devices, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (J.W.); (L.Z.); (Q.K.); (H.S.)
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (S.H.)
| | - Shihua Huang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronic Devices, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (J.W.); (L.Z.); (Q.K.); (H.S.)
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (S.H.)
| | - Gang He
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (L.L.); (G.H.)
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4
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Li N, Niu X, Li L, Wang H, Huang Z, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Zhang X, Zhu C, Zai H, Bai Y, Ma S, Liu H, Liu X, Guo Z, Liu G, Fan R, Chen H, Wang J, Lun Y, Wang X, Hong J, Xie H, Jakob DS, Xu XG, Chen Q, Zhou H. Liquid medium annealing for fabricating durable perovskite solar cells with improved reproducibility. Science 2021; 373:561-567. [PMID: 34326239 DOI: 10.1126/science.abh3884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Solution processing of semiconductors is highly promising for the high-throughput production of cost-effective electronics and optoelectronics. Although hybrid perovskites have potential in various device applications, challenges remain in the development of high-quality materials with simultaneously improved processing reproducibility and scalability. Here, we report a liquid medium annealing (LMA) technology that creates a robust chemical environment and constant heating field to modulate crystal growth over the entire film. Our method produces films with high crystallinity, fewer defects, desired stoichiometry, and overall film homogeneity. The resulting perovskite solar cells (PSCs) yield a stabilized power output of 24.04% (certified 23.7%, 0.08 cm2) and maintain 95% of their initial power conversion efficiency (PCE) after 2000 hours of operation. In addition, the 1-cm2 PSCs exhibit a stabilized power output of 23.15% (certified PCE 22.3%) and keep 90% of their initial PCE after 1120 hours of operation, which illustrates their feasibility for scalable fabrication. LMA is less climate dependent and produces devices in-house with negligible performance variance year round. This method thus opens a new and effective avenue to improving the quality of perovskite films and photovoltaic devices in a scalable and reproducible manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengxu Li
- Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, BIC-ESAT, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xiuxiu Niu
- Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, BIC-ESAT, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Liang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, BIC-ESAT, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.,Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Centre, Chongqing 401120, P. R. China
| | - Zijian Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, BIC-ESAT, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, BIC-ESAT, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yihua Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, BIC-ESAT, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Huachao Zai
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, BIC-ESAT, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yang Bai
- Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Sai Ma
- Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Huifen Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, BIC-ESAT, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xixia Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, BIC-ESAT, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, BIC-ESAT, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Guilin Liu
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Rundong Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, BIC-ESAT, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Jianpu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yingzhuo Lun
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xueyun Wang
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jiawang Hong
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Haipeng Xie
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410012, P.R. China
| | - Devon S Jakob
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Xiaoji G Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Qi Chen
- Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Huanping Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, BIC-ESAT, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
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5
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Zhang Y, Kirs A, Ambroz F, Lin CT, Bati ASR, Parkin IP, Shapter JG, Batmunkh M, Macdonald TJ. Ambient Fabrication of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2000744. [PMID: 34927807 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202000744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their high-power conversion efficiency, simple fabrication, and low material cost. However, due to their high sensitivity to moisture and oxygen, high efficiency PSCs are mainly constructed in an inert environment. This has led to significant concerns associated with the long-term stability and manufacturing costs, which are some of the major limitations for the commercialization of this cutting-edge technology. Over the past few years, excellent progress in fabricating PSCs in ambient conditions has been made. These advancements have drawn considerable research interest in the photovoltaic community and shown great promise for the successful commercialization of efficient and stable PSCs. In this review, after providing an overview to the influence of an ambient fabrication environment on perovskite films, recent advances in fabricating efficient and stable PSCs in ambient conditions are discussed. Along with discussing the underlying challenges and limitations, the most appropriate strategies to fabricate efficient PSCs under ambient conditions are summarized along with multiple roadmaps to assist in the future development of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Ashleigh Kirs
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Filip Ambroz
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Chieh-Ting Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Abdulaziz S R Bati
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Ivan P Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Joseph G Shapter
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Munkhbayar Batmunkh
- Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Thomas J Macdonald
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
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6
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Dunlap-Shohl WA, Zhou Y, Padture NP, Mitzi DB. Synthetic Approaches for Halide Perovskite Thin Films. Chem Rev 2018; 119:3193-3295. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wiley A. Dunlap-Shohl
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Nitin P. Padture
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - David B. Mitzi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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7
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Wu J, Dong JJ, Chen SX, Hao HY, Xing J, Liu H. Fabrication of Efficient Organic-Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells in Ambient Air. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 13:293. [PMID: 30242520 PMCID: PMC6150869 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2714-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although many groups have been trying to prepare perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in ambient air, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) is still low. Besides, the effect of moisture on the formation of perovskite films is still controversial. In this paper, we studied the effect of moisture on the formation of perovskite films in detail, and found that moisture can speed up the crystallizing process of PbI2 films to form poor-quality films with large grain size and surface roughness, while, for the conversion of PbI2 to perovskite films, a small amount of moisture is not adverse, and even beneficial. On this basis, we report the successful fabrication of efficient mesoporous PSCs with PCE of 16.00% under ambient air conditions at 25% relative humidity by adding a small amount of n-butyl amine into the solution of PbI2 to enhance the quality of PbI2 films and thus to achieve high-quality perovskite films with smooth surface, large crystal grains, and high crystal quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Jing-Jing Dong
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Si-Xuan Chen
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Hui-Ying Hao
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Jie Xing
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083 China
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8
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Ling T, Zou X, Cheng J, Bai X, Ren H, Chen D. Modified Sequential Deposition Route through Localized-Liquid-Liquid-Diffusion for Improved Perovskite Multi-Crystalline Thin Films with Micrometer-Scaled Grains for Solar Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8060416. [PMID: 29890741 PMCID: PMC6027484 DOI: 10.3390/nano8060416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High-class perovskite film with beautiful surface morphology (such as large-size grain, low defect density, good continuity and flatness) is normally believed to be a very important factor for high-efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, we report a modified sequential deposition route through localized-liquid-liquid-diffusion (LLLD) for qualified perovskite multi-crystalline thin films with micrometer-scaled grains for solar cells. We adopted a contact-type drop method to drop Methylammonium iodide (MAI) solution and have successfully used high-concentration MAI solution (73 mg/mL) to transform PbI2 film into high-class perovskite film via our route. A high efficiency of 10.7% was achieved for the device with spongy carbon film deposited on a separated FTO-substrate as a counter electrode under one sun illumination, which is the highest efficiency (as 2.5 times as previous efficiency) ever recorded in perovskite solar cells with a such spongy carbon/FTO composite counter electrode. The preparation techniques of high-class perovskite thin films under ambient conditions and the cheap spongy carbon/FTO composite counter electrode are beneficial for large-scale applications and commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ling
- Research Center for Sensor Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Sensor, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Modern Measurement and Control Technology, School of Applied Sciences, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Jianxiangqiao Campus, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Research Center for Sensor Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Sensor, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Modern Measurement and Control Technology, School of Applied Sciences, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Jianxiangqiao Campus, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Jin Cheng
- Research Center for Sensor Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Sensor, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Modern Measurement and Control Technology, School of Applied Sciences, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Jianxiangqiao Campus, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Xiao Bai
- Research Center for Sensor Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Sensor, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Modern Measurement and Control Technology, School of Applied Sciences, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Jianxiangqiao Campus, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Haiyan Ren
- Research Center for Sensor Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Sensor, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Modern Measurement and Control Technology, School of Applied Sciences, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Jianxiangqiao Campus, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Dan Chen
- Research Center for Sensor Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Sensor, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Modern Measurement and Control Technology, School of Applied Sciences, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Jianxiangqiao Campus, Beijing 100101, China.
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9
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Aphrham S, Pan Q, Zaccarine SF, Felter KM, Thieme J, van den Nieuwenhuijzen KJH, Ten Elshof JE, Huijser A. Effect of Water Addition during Preparation on the Early-Time Photodynamics of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 Perovskite Layers. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:3320-3324. [PMID: 29024345 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The effect of water addition during preparation of a CH3 NH3 PbI3 layer on the photodynamics is studied by femtosecond transient absorption. Both the regular perovskite and the aqueous analogue show charge thermalisation on a timescale of about 500 fs. This process is, however, less pronounced in the latter layer. The spectral feature associated with hot charges does not fully decay on this timescale, but also shows a long-lived (sub-ns) component. As water molecules may interfere with the hydrogen bonding between the CH3 NH3+ cations and the inorganic cage, this effect is possibly caused by immobilisation of cation motion, suggesting a key role of CH3 NH3+ dipole reorientation in charge thermalisation. This effect shows the possibility of controlling hot charge carrier cooling to overcome the Shockley-Queisser limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aphrham
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500, AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Q Pan
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500, AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Institute of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525, AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - S F Zaccarine
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500, AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - K M Felter
- Chemical Engineering department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, 2600, GA, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - J Thieme
- Chemical Engineering department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, 2600, GA, Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | - J E Ten Elshof
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500, AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - A Huijser
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500, AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
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10
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Wu J, Xu X, Zhao Y, Shi J, Xu Y, Luo Y, Li D, Wu H, Meng Q. DMF as an Additive in a Two-Step Spin-Coating Method for 20% Conversion Efficiency in Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:26937-26947. [PMID: 28719969 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b08504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
DMF as an additive has been employed in FAI/MAI/IPA (FA= CH2(NH2)2, MA = CH3NH3, IPA = isopropanol) solution for a two-step multicycle spin-coating method in order to prepare high-quality FAxMA1-xPbI2.55Br0.45 perovskite films. Further investigation reveals that the existence of DMF in the FAI/MAI/IPA solution can facilitate perovskite conversion, improve the film morphology, and reduce crystal defects, thus enhancing charge-transfer efficiency. By optimization of the DMF amount and spin-coating cycles, compact, pinhole-free perovskite films are obtained. The nucleation mechanisms of perovskite films in our multicycle spin-coating process are suggested; that is, the introduction of DMF in the spin-coating FAI/MAI/IPA solution can lead to the formation of an amorphous phase PbX2-AI-DMSO-DMF (X = I, Br; A = FA, MA) instead of intermediate phase (MA)2Pb3I8·2DMSO. This amorphous phase, similar to that in the one-step method, can help FAI/MAI penetrate into the PbI2 framework to completely convert into the perovskite. As high as 20.1% power conversion efficiency (PCE) has been achieved with a steady-state PCE of 19.1%. Our work offers a simple repeatable method to prepare high-quality perovskite films for high-performance PSCs and also help further understand the perovskite-crystallization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jionghua Wu
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy (CAS), Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy (CAS), Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanhong Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy (CAS), Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiangjian Shi
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy (CAS), Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuzhuan Xu
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy (CAS), Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanhong Luo
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy (CAS), Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy (CAS), Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huijue Wu
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy (CAS), Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingbo Meng
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy (CAS), Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
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11
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Wu Q, Zhou P, Zhou W, Wei X, Chen T, Yang S. Acetate Salts as Nonhalogen Additives To Improve Perovskite Film Morphology for High-Efficiency Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:15333-15340. [PMID: 27253082 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b03276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A two-step method has been popularly adopted to fabricate a perovskite film of planar heterojunction organo-lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, this method often generates uncontrollable film morphology with poor coverage. Herein, we report a facile method to improve perovskite film morphology by incorporating a small amount of acetate (CH3COO(-), Ac(-)) salts (NH4Ac, NaAc) as nonhalogen additives in CH3NH3I solution used for immersing PbI2 film, resulting in improved CH3NH3PbI3 film morphology. Under the optimized NH4Ac additive concentration of 10 wt %, the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) reaches 17.02%, which is enhanced by ∼23.2% relative to that of the pristine device without additive, whereas the NaAc additive does not lead to an efficiency enhancement despite the improvement of the CH3NH3PbI3 film morphology. SEM study reveals that NH4Ac and NaAc additives can both effectively improve perovskite film morphology by increasing the surface coverage via diminishing pinholes. The improvement on CH3NH3PbI3 film morphology is beneficial for increasing the optical absorption of perovskite film and improving the interfacial contact at the perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD interface, leading to the increase of short-circuit current and consequently efficiency enhancement of the PSC device for NH4Ac additive only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiliang Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) , Hefei 230026, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) , Hefei 230026, China
| | - Weiran Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) , Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiangfeng Wei
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) , Hefei 230026, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) , Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) , Hefei 230026, China
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12
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A Three-Step Method for the Deposition of Large Cuboids of Organic-Inorganic Perovskite and Application in Solar Cells. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:2389-94. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Park NG. Methodologies for high efficiency perovskite solar cells. NANO CONVERGENCE 2016; 3:15. [PMID: 28191425 PMCID: PMC5271566 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-016-0074-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Since the report on long-term durable solid-state perovskite solar cell in 2012, perovskite solar cells based on lead halide perovskites having organic cations such as methylammonium CH3NH3PbI3 or formamidinium HC(NH2)2PbI3 have received great attention because of superb photovoltaic performance with power conversion efficiency exceeding 22 %. In this review, emergence of perovskite solar cell is briefly introduced. Since understanding fundamentals of light absorbers is directly related to their photovoltaic performance, opto-electronic properties of organo lead halide perovskites are investigated in order to provide insight into design of higher efficiency perovskite solar cells. Since the conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cell is found to depend significantly on perovskite film quality, methodologies for fabricating high quality perovskite films are particularly emphasized, including various solution-processes and vacuum deposition method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Gyu Park
- School of Chemical Engineering and Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 440-746 Republic of Korea
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