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Li Q, Zhu G, Liu Z, Xu J. Molecular dynamics simulation studies on the ionic liquid N-butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate on the gold surface. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32710. [PMID: 38975103 PMCID: PMC11225740 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The study of solid/liquid interface is of great significance for understanding various phenomena such as the nanostructure of the interface, liquid wetting, crystal growth and nucleation. In this work, the nanostructure of the pyridinium ionic liquid [BPy]BF4 on different gold surfaces was studied by molecular dynamics simulation. The results indicate that the density of the ionic liquids near the gold surface is significantly higher than that in the bulk phase. Cation's tail (the alkyl chain) orients parallel to the surface under all studied conditions. Cation's head (the pyridine ring) orientation varies from parallel to perpendicular, which depends on the temperature and corrugation of the Au(hkl) surface. Interestingly, analysis of simulated mass and number densities revealed that surface corrugation randomizes the cations packing. On smooth Au(111) and Au(100) surfaces, parallel and perpendicular orientations are well distinguished for densely packed cations. While on corrugated Au(110), cations' packing density and order are decreased. Overall, this study explores the adsorption effect of the gold surface on ionic liquids, providing some valuable insights into their behavior on the solid/liquid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Control and Applications of Optoelectronic Information Materials, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
- Faculty of Engineering, Anhui Sanlian University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Guanglai Zhu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Control and Applications of Optoelectronic Information Materials, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Zhicong Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Control and Applications of Optoelectronic Information Materials, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Jianqiang Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Control and Applications of Optoelectronic Information Materials, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
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2
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Dupont J, Leal BC, Lozano P, Monteiro AL, Migowski P, Scholten JD. Ionic Liquids in Metal, Photo-, Electro-, and (Bio) Catalysis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:5227-5420. [PMID: 38661578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have unique physicochemical properties that make them advantageous for catalysis, such as low vapor pressure, non-flammability, high thermal and chemical stabilities, and the ability to enhance the activity and stability of (bio)catalysts. ILs can improve the efficiency, selectivity, and sustainability of bio(transformations) by acting as activators of enzymes, selectively dissolving substrates and products, and reducing toxicity. They can also be recycled and reused multiple times without losing their effectiveness. ILs based on imidazolium cation are preferred for structural organization aspects, with a semiorganized layer surrounding the catalyst. ILs act as a container, providing a confined space that allows modulation of electronic and geometric effects, miscibility of reactants and products, and residence time of species. ILs can stabilize ionic and radical species and control the catalytic activity of dynamic processes. Supported IL phase (SILP) derivatives and polymeric ILs (PILs) are good options for molecular engineering of greener catalytic processes. The major factors governing metal, photo-, electro-, and biocatalysts in ILs are discussed in detail based on the vast literature available over the past two and a half decades. Catalytic reactions, ranging from hydrogenation and cross-coupling to oxidations, promoted by homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts in both single and multiphase conditions, are extensively reviewed and discussed considering the knowledge accumulated until now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairton Dupont
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, P.O. Box 4021, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Bárbara C Leal
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
| | - Pedro Lozano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, P.O. Box 4021, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Adriano L Monteiro
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
| | - Pedro Migowski
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
| | - Jackson D Scholten
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
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3
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Cole J, Syres KL. Ionic liquids on oxide surfaces. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:213002. [PMID: 35234666 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac5994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) supported on oxide surfaces are being investigated for numerous applications including catalysis, batteries, capacitors, transistors, lubricants, solar cells, corrosion inhibitors, nanoparticle synthesis and biomedical applications. The study of ILs with oxide surfaces presents challenges both experimentally and computationally. The interaction between ILs and oxide surfaces can be rather complex, with defects in the oxide surface playing a key role in the adsorption behaviour and resulting electronic properties. The choice of the cation/anion pair is also important and can influence molecular ordering and electronic properties at the interface. These controllable interfacial behaviours make ionic liquid/oxide systems desirable for a number of different technological applications as well as being utilised for nanoparticle synthesis. This topical review aims to bring together recent experimental and theoretical work on the interaction of ILs with oxide surfaces, including TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, SnO2and transition metal oxides. It focusses on the behaviour of ILs at model single crystal surfaces, the interaction between ILs and nanoparticulate oxides, and their performance in prototype devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Cole
- Jeremiah Horrocks Institute for Mathematics, Physics and Astronomy, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Karen L Syres
- Jeremiah Horrocks Institute for Mathematics, Physics and Astronomy, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
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4
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Qadir MI, Zanatta M, Pinto J, Vicente I, Gual A, Smith EF, Neto BAD, de Souza PEN, Khan S, Dupont J, Alves Fernandes J. Reverse Semi-Combustion Driven by Titanium Dioxide-Ionic Liquid Hybrid Photocatalyst. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:5580-5585. [PMID: 33448661 PMCID: PMC7692890 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Unprecedented metal-free photocatalytic CO2 conversion to CO (up to 228±48 μmol g-1 h-1) was displayed by TiO2@IL hybrid photocatalysts prepared by simple impregnation of commercially available P25-titanium dioxide with imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs). The high activity of TiO2@IL hybrid photocatalysts was mainly associated to (i) TiO2@IL red shift compared to the pure TiO2 absorption, and thus a modification of the TiO2 surface electronic structure; (ii) TiO2 with IL bearing imidazolate anions lowered the CO2 activation energy barrier. The reaction mechanism was postulated to occur via CO2 photoreduction to formate species by the imidazole/imidazole radical redox pair, yielding CO and water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad I. Qadir
- Institute of ChemistryFederal University of Rio Grande do SulCampus AgronomiaPorto Alegre90650-001Brazil
- Department of NanocatalysisJ. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of SciencesDolejškova 2155/318223Prague 8Czech Republic
| | - Marcileia Zanatta
- Institute of ChemistryFederal University of Rio Grande do SulCampus AgronomiaPorto Alegre90650-001Brazil
- i3N|Cenimat, Department of Materials ScienceNOVA School of Science and TechnologyNOVA University Lisbon2829-516CaparicaPortugal
| | - Jose Pinto
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUnited Kingdom
| | - Isabel Vicente
- Unitat de Tecnologíe QuímiquesEURECATTarragona43007Spain
| | - Aitor Gual
- Unitat de Tecnologíe QuímiquesEURECATTarragona43007Spain
| | - Emily F. Smith
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUnited Kingdom
| | - Brenno A. D. Neto
- Institute of chemistryUniversity of BrasíliaCampus Universitário Darcy RibeiroBrasília70904-970Brazil
| | - Paulo E. N. de Souza
- Institute of PhysicsUniversity of BrasíliaCampus Universitário Darcy RibeiroBrasília70904-970Brazil
| | - Sherdil Khan
- Institute of PhysicsFederal University of Rio Grande do SulCampus AgronomiaPorto Alegre90650-001Brazil
| | - Jairton Dupont
- Institute of ChemistryFederal University of Rio Grande do SulCampus AgronomiaPorto Alegre90650-001Brazil
| | - Jesum Alves Fernandes
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUnited Kingdom
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5
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Wang YL, Li B, Sarman S, Mocci F, Lu ZY, Yuan J, Laaksonen A, Fayer MD. Microstructural and Dynamical Heterogeneities in Ionic Liquids. Chem Rev 2020; 120:5798-5877. [PMID: 32292036 PMCID: PMC7349628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are a special category of molten salts solely composed of ions with varied molecular symmetry and charge delocalization. The versatility in combining varied cation-anion moieties and in functionalizing ions with different atoms and molecular groups contributes to their peculiar interactions ranging from weak isotropic associations to strong, specific, and anisotropic forces. A delicate interplay among intra- and intermolecular interactions facilitates the formation of heterogeneous microstructures and liquid morphologies, which further contributes to their striking dynamical properties. Microstructural and dynamical heterogeneities of ILs lead to their multifaceted properties described by an inherent designer feature, which makes ILs important candidates for novel solvents, electrolytes, and functional materials in academia and industrial applications. Due to a massive number of combinations of ion pairs with ion species having distinct molecular structures and IL mixtures containing varied molecular solvents, a comprehensive understanding of their hierarchical structural and dynamical quantities is of great significance for a rational selection of ILs with appropriate properties and thereafter advancing their macroscopic functionalities in applications. In this review, we comprehensively trace recent advances in understanding delicate interplay of strong and weak interactions that underpin their complex phase behaviors with a particular emphasis on understanding heterogeneous microstructures and dynamics of ILs in bulk liquids, in mixtures with cosolvents, and in interfacial regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Lei Wang
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bin Li
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, P. R. China
| | - Sten Sarman
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesca Mocci
- Department
of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University
of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Zhong-Yuan Lu
- State
Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Jiayin Yuan
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aatto Laaksonen
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- Centre of
Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Aleea Grigore Ghica-Voda, 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
- Department
of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Division of Energy Science, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Michael D. Fayer
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Henderson Z, Walton AS, Thomas AG, Syres KL. Water-induced reordering in ultrathin ionic liquid films. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:334003. [PMID: 29988023 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aad24f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Water-induced reordering in ultrathin ionic liquid films has been observed using in situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. An ultrathin layer of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([C4C1Im][BF4]) was deposited on a rutile TiO2 (1 1 0) single crystal and exposed to water vapour at a relative humidity of ~70% in an in situ cell. Water was found to adsorb onto the ionic liquid surface, causing a reordering of the ions at the interface. Water initially remained trapped on the ionic liquid surface as the in situ cell was evacuated. This could have negative implications for supported ionic liquid phase catalysis, where reactants and products move in and out of an ionic liquid containing the catalyst. This insight into the behaviour at the water/ionic liquid interface provides a basis for understanding interfacial behaviour in more complex gas/ionic liquid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Henderson
- Jeremiah Horrocks Institute for Mathematics, Physics and Astronomy, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
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8
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Xu T, Waehler T, Vecchietti J, Bonivardi A, Bauer T, Schwegler J, Schulz PS, Wasserscheid P, Libuda J. Interaction of Ester-Functionalized Ionic Liquids with Atomically-Defined Cobalt Oxides Surfaces: Adsorption, Reaction and Thermal Stability. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:3443-3453. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany), Fax: +49 9131 8527308
| | - Tobias Waehler
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany), Fax: +49 9131 8527308
| | - Julia Vecchietti
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC), UNL-CONICET; Güemes 3450 3000 Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Adrian Bonivardi
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC), UNL-CONICET; Güemes 3450 3000 Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Tanja Bauer
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany), Fax: +49 9131 8527308
| | - Johannes Schwegler
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Peter S. Schulz
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Peter Wasserscheid
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Joerg Libuda
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany), Fax: +49 9131 8527308
- Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center and Interdisciplinary Center for Interface Controlled Processes; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; 91058 Erlangen Germany
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Fogarty RM, Matthews RP, Clough MT, Ashworth CR, Brandt-Talbot A, Corbett PJ, Palgrave RG, Bourne RA, Chamberlain TW, Vander Hoogerstraete T, Thompson PBJ, Hunt PA, Besley NA, Lovelock KRJ. NEXAFS spectroscopy of ionic liquids: experiments versus calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:31156-31167. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07143d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Experimental N 1s and S 1s NEXAFS spectra are compared to TD-DFT calculated spectra for 12 ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul J. Corbett
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London
- UK
| | | | - Richard A. Bourne
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering
- University of Leeds
- UK
- Institute of Process Research and Development
- School of Chemistry
| | - Thomas W. Chamberlain
- Institute of Process Research and Development
- School of Chemistry
- University of Leeds
- UK
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Wagstaffe M, Jackman MJ, Syres KL, Generalov A, Thomas AG. Ionic Liquid Ordering at an Oxide Surface. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:3430-3434. [PMID: 27458919 PMCID: PMC5129479 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of the ionic liquid [C4 C1 Im][BF4 ] with anatase TiO2 , a model photoanode material, has been studied using a combination of synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. The system is of interest as a model for fundamental electrolyte-electrode and dye-sensitized solar cells. The initial interaction involves degradation of the [BF4 ]- anion, resulting in incorporation of F into O vacancies in the anatase surface. At low coverages, [C4 C1 Im][BF4 ] is found to order at the anatase(101) surface via electrostatic attraction, with the imidazolium ring oriented 32±4° from the anatase TiO2 surface. As the coverage of ionic liquid increases, the influence of the oxide surface on the topmost layers is reduced and the ordering is lost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wagstaffe
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M139PL, UK
| | - Mark J Jackman
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M139PL, UK
| | - Karen L Syres
- Jeremiah Horrocks Institute, The University of Central Lancashire, Fylde Road, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | | | - Andrew G Thomas
- School of Materials and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M139PL, UK
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