Multiconfigurational Effects in Theoretical Resonance Raman Spectra

Relativistic Kramers-Unrestricted Exact-Two-Component Density Matrix Renormalization Group

In this work we develop a variational relativistic density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) approach within the exact-two-component (X2C) framework (X2C-DMRG), using spinor orbitals optimized with the two-component relativistic complete active space self-consistent field. We investigate fine-structure splittings of p- (Ga, In, Tl) and d-block (Sc, Y, La) atoms and excitation energies of monohydride molecules (GeH, SnH, and TlH) with X2C-DMRG calculations using an all-electron relativistic Hamiltonian in a Kramers-unrestricted basis. We find that X2C-DMRG yields accurate ²P and ²D splittings compared to multireference configuration interaction with singles and doubles (MRCISD). We also investigated the degree of symmetry breaking in the atomic multiplets and convergence of electron correlation in the total energies. Symmetry breaking can be large in some cases (∼30 meV); however, increasing the number of renormalized block states m for the DMRG optimization recovers the symmetry breaking by several orders of magnitude. Encouragingly, we find the convergence of electron correlation to be close to MRCISDTQ5 quality. Relativistic X2C-DMRG approaches are important for cases where spin-orbit coupling is significant and the underlying reference wave function requires a large determinantal space. We are able to obtain quantitatively correct fine-structure splittings for systems up to 10¹⁹ number of determinants with traditional CI approaches, which are currently unfeasible to converge for the field.

Near-Exact Nuclear Gradients of Complete Active Space Self-Consistent Field Wave Functions

In this paper, we study the nuclear gradients of heat bath configuration interaction self-consistent field (HCISCF) wave functions and use them to optimize molecular geometries for various molecules.We show that the HCISCF nuclear gradients are fairly insensitive to the size of the "selected" variational space, which allows us to reduce the computational cost without introducing significant error.The ability of HCISCF to treat larger active spaces combined with the flexibility for users to control the computational cost makes the method very attractive for studying strongly correlated systems which require a larger active space than possible with complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF).Finally, we study the realistic catalyst, Fe(PDI), and highlight some of the challenges this system poses for density functional theory (DFT).We demonstrate how HCISCF can clarify the energetic stability of geometries obtained from DFT when the results are strongly dependent on the functional.We also use the HCISCF gradients to optimize geometries for this species and study the adiabatic singlet-triplet gap. During geometry optimization, we find that multiple near-degenerate local minima exist on the triplet potential energy surface.

Modern quantum chemistry with [Open]Molcas

MOLCAS/OpenMolcas is an ab initio electronic structure program providing a large set of computational methods from Hartree-Fock and density functional theory to various implementations of multiconfigurational theory. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the main features of the code, specifically reviewing the use of the code in previously reported chemical applications as well as more recent applications including the calculation of magnetic properties from optimized density matrix renormalization group wave functions.

Approximate Analytical Gradients and Nonadiabatic Couplings for the State-Average Density Matrix Renormalization Group Self-Consistent-Field Method

We present an approximate scheme for analytical gradients and nonadiabatic couplings for calculating state-average density matrix renormalization group self-consistent-field wave function. Our formalism follows closely the state-average complete active space self-consistent-field (SA-CASSCF) ansatz, which employs a Lagrangian, and the corresponding Lagrange multipliers are obtained from a solution of the coupled-perturbed CASSCF (CP-CASSCF) equations. We introduce a definition of the matrix product state (MPS) Lagrange multipliers based on a single-site tensor in a mixed-canonical form of the MPS, such that a sweep procedure is avoided in the solution of the CP-CASSCF equations. We apply our implementation to the optimization of a conical intersection in 1,2-dioxetanone, where we are able to fully reproduce the SA-CASSCF result up to arbitrary accuracy.

Computing Bulk Phase Resonance Raman Spectra from ab Initio Molecular Dynamics and Real-Time TDDFT

We present our novel approach for computing resonance Raman (RR) spectra of periodic bulk phase systems from ab initio molecular dynamics, including solvent influence and some anharmonic effects. Based on real-time time-dependent density functional theory, we obtain the RR spectra for all laser wavelengths in one pass. We compute the RR spectrum of uracil in aqueous solution, which is in good agreement with experiment. This is the first simulation of a bulk phase RR spectrum.

Multiconfigurational Effects in Theoretical Resonance Raman Spectra

We analyze resonance Raman spectra of the nucleobase uracil in the short‐time approximation calculated with multiconfigurational methods. We discuss the importance of static electron correlation by means of density‐matrix renormalization group self‐consistent field (DMRG‐SCF) calculations. Our DMRG‐SCF results reveal that a minimal active orbital space that leads to a qualitatively correct description of the resonance Raman spectrum of uracil should encompass parts of the σ/σ* bonding/anti‐bonding orbitals of the pyrimidine ring. We trace these findings back to the considerable entanglement between the σ/σ* bonding/anti‐bonding as well as valence π/π* orbitals in the excited‐state electronic structure of uracil, which indicates non‐negligible non‐dynamical correlation effects that are less pronounced in the electronic ground state.