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Ferrer M, Elguero J, Alkorta I, Azofra LM. Understanding the coupling of non-metallic heteroatoms to CO 2 from a Conceptual DFT perspective. J Mol Model 2024; 30:201. [PMID: 38853233 PMCID: PMC11162977 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-05992-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT A Conceptual DFT (CDFT) study has been carry out to analyse the coupling reactions of the simplest amine (CH3NH2), alcohol (CH3OH), and thiol (CH3SH) compounds with CO2 to form the corresponding adducts CH3NHCO2H, CH3OCO2H, and CH3SCO2H. The reaction mechanism takes place in a single step comprising two chemical events: nucleophilic attack of the non-metallic heteroatoms to CO2 followed by hydrogen atom transfer (HAT). According to our calculations, the participation of an additional nucleophilic molecule as HAT assistant entails important decreases in activation electronic energies. In such cases, the formation of a six-membered ring in the transition state (TS) reduces the angular stress with respect to the non-assisted paths, characterised by four-membered ring TSs. Through the analysis of the energy and reaction force profiles along the intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC), the ratio of structural reorganisation and electronic rearrangement for both activation and relaxation energies has been computed. In addition, the analysis of the electronic chemical potential and reaction electronic flux profiles confirms that the highest electronic activity as well as their changes take place in the TS region. Finally, the distortion/interaction model using an energy decomposition scheme based on the electron density along the reaction coordinate has been carried out and the relative energy gradient (REG) method has been applied to identify the most important components associated to the barriers. METHODS The theoretical calculation were performed with Gaussian-16 scientific program. The B3LYP-D3(BJ)/aug-cc-pVDZ level was used for optimization of the minima and TSs. IRC calculations has also been carried out connecting the TS with the associated minima. Conceptual-DFT (CDFT) calculations have been carried out with the Eyringpy program and in-house code. The distortion/interaction model along the reaction coordinate have used the decomposition scheme of Mandado et al. and the analysis of the importance of each components have been done with the relative energy gradient (REG) method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Ferrer
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de La Cierva,3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
- PhD Program in Theoretical Chemistry and Computational Modelling, Doctoral School, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de La Cierva,3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de La Cierva,3, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis Miguel Azofra
- Instituto de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (iUNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Campus de Tafira, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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Ferrer M, Alkorta I, Elguero J, Oliva-Enrich JM. A multi-FLP approach for CO 2 capture: investigating nitrogen, boron, phosphorus and aluminium doped nanographenes and the influence of a sodium cation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:12433-12443. [PMID: 38596872 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00496e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The reactivity of B3N3-doped hexa-cata-hexabenzocoronene (B3N3-NG), Al3N3-NG, B3P3-NG and Al3P3-NG, models of doped nanographenes (NGs), towards carbon dioxide was studied with density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the M06-2X/6-311++G(3df,3pd)//M06-2X/6-31+G* level of theory. The NG systems exhibit a poly-cyclic poly-frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) nature, featuring multiple Lewis acid/Lewis base pairs on their surface enabling the capture of several CO2 molecules. The capture of CO2 by these systems was investigated within two scenarios: (A) sequential capture of up to three CO2 molecules and (B) capture of CO2 molecules in the presence of a sodium cation. The resulting adducts were analyzed in terms of the activation barriers and relative stabilities. The presence of aluminium atoms changes the asynchrony of the reaction favoring the aluminium-oxygen bond and influences the regioselectivity of the multi-capture. A cooperative effect is predicted due to π-electron delocalization, with the sodium cation stabilizing the stationary points and favoring the addition of CO2 to the NGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Ferrer
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
- PhD Program in Theoretical Chemistry and Computational Modeling, Doctoral School, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Josep M Oliva-Enrich
- Instituto de Química-Física Blas Cabrera (CSIC), Serrano, 119, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
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Ferrer M, Alkorta I, Elguero J, Oliva-Enrich JM. A theoretical study of the reaction of borata derivatives of benzene, anthracene and pentacene with CO 2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:22512-22522. [PMID: 37581605 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02516k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
A theoretical study of the reaction between several borataacenes (1-methylboratabenzene, 9-methyl-9-borataanthracene and cis and trans diboratapentacene) and CO2 has been carried out at the M06-2X computational level. The influence of a counterion (potassium cation), the cation complexation by 18-crown-6-ether and solvent effects have been explored. The computational results predict anti/syn selectivity as found experimentally in the cis- and trans-diboratapentacene reaction with CO2 (Baker et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2023, 145, 2028).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Ferrer
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
- PhD Program in Theoretical Chemistry and Computational Modeling, Doctoral School, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Josep M Oliva-Enrich
- Instituto de Química-Física Blas Cabrera (CSIC), Serrano, 119, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
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Reactivity of a model of B 3P 3-doped nanographene with up to three CO 2 molecules. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2407. [PMID: 36765069 PMCID: PMC9918725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29336-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The reactivity of a B3P3-doped hexa-cata-hexabenzocoronene, as a model of nanographene (B3P3-NG), towards carbon dioxide was studied at the DFT M06-2X/6-311++G(3df,3pd)//M06-2X/6-31+G* level of theory. This compound can be classified as a poly-cyclic poly-Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP) system, as it presents more than one Lewis Acid/Lewis Base pair on its surface, making the capture of several carbon dioxide molecules possible. Two scenarios were considered to fully characterize the capture of CO2 by this multi-FLP system: (i) fixation of three CO2 molecules sequentially one by one; and (ii) simultaneous contact of three CO2 molecules with the B3P3-NG surface. The resulting adducts were analyzed as function of activation barriers and the relative stability of the CO2 capture. A cooperativity effect due to the π-delocalization of the hexa-cata-hexabenzocoronene is observed. The fixation of a CO2 molecule modifies the electronic properties. It enhances the capture of additional CO2 molecules by changing the acidy and basicity of the rest of the boron and phosphorus atoms in the B3P3-NG system.
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Musgrave Iii CB, Prokofjevs A, Goddard Iii WA. Phosphine Modulation for Enhanced CO 2 Capture: Quantum Mechanics Predictions of New Materials. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:11183-11190. [PMID: 36445256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It is imperative to develop efficient CO2 capture and activation technologies to combat the rising levels of deleterious greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Using Quantum Mechanics methods (Density Functional Theory), we propose and evaluate several metal-free and metal-containing phosphines that provide strong CO2 binding under ambient conditions. Depending on the electron donating capacity of the phosphine and the ability of the P-bound ligands to hydrogen bond to the CO2, we find that the CO2 binding can be as strong as -18.6 kcal/mol downhill, which should be quite adequate for ambient conditions. We explore some modifications of the phosphine to improve CO2 binding, and we elucidate which chemical descriptors correlate directly with CO2 binding energy. Specifically, we find that charge accumulation on the CO2 unit of the CO2-bound adduct has the greatest correlation with CO2 binding affinity. Finally, we probe the mechanism for CO2 reduction to CO and methanol in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles B Musgrave Iii
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California91125, United States
| | - Aleksandrs Prokofjevs
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina27411, United States
| | - William A Goddard Iii
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California91125, United States
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Ferrer M, Alkorta I, Elguero J, Oliva‐Enrich JM. Use of 5,10-Disubstituted Dibenzoazaborines and Dibenzophosphaborines as Cyclic Supports of Frustrated Lewis Pairs for the Capture of CO 2. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200204. [PMID: 35703469 PMCID: PMC9796958 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity of 5,10-disubstituted dibenzoazaborines and dibenzophosphaborines towards carbon dioxide was studied at the DFT, M06-2X/def2-TZVP, computational level. The profile of this reaction comprises of three stationary points: the pre-reactive complex and adduct minima and the transition state(TS) linking both minima. Initial results show that dibenzoazaborines derivatives are less suitable to form adducts with CO2 than dibenzophosphaborine systems. The influence of the basicity on the P atom and the acidity on the B center of the dibenzophosphaborine in the reaction with CO2 was also explored. Thus, an equation was developed relating the properties (acidity, basicity and boron hybridization) of the isolated dibenzophosphaborine derivatives with the adduct energy. We found that modulation of the boron acidity allows to obtain more stable adducts than the pre-reactive complexes and isolated monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Ferrer
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC)Juan de la Cierva, 328006MadridSpain,PhD Program in Theoretical Chemistry and Computational ModelingDoctoral SchoolUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid28049MadridSpain
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC)Juan de la Cierva, 328006MadridSpain
| | - Jose Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC)Juan de la Cierva, 328006MadridSpain
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Faizan M, Pawar R. Boron based intramolecular heterocyclic frustrated Lewis pairs as organocatalysts for CO 2 adsorption and activation. J Comput Chem 2022; 43:1474-1483. [PMID: 35733241 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The massive increase in the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) in the atmosphere has led to serious environmental problems. One of the best ways to tackle this problem is the CO2 capture and its utilization as a C1 carbon source for the production of industrially valuable chemicals. But the thermodynamic stability of the CO2 molecule poses a great challenge in its transformation. Since the last two decades, various metal-based and organic catalysts have been developed for the adsorption and activation of CO2 . Among all the catalysts the Frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) have been shown great potential in CO2 capture and conversion. Thus, in the present work, Intramolecular Frustrated Lewis pairs (IFLP) based on N-Heterocycles with boron group functionalization at the α-position to N has been theoretically investigated for CO2 activation. Thorough orbital analysis has been carried out to investigate the reactivity of the proposed catalytic systems. The result shows that the considered IFLPs are capable of activating CO2 with minimum energy requirements. The CO2 activation energy range between 8 and 14 kcal/mol. The non-polar solvent was found to be the suitable medium for the reaction. Also, the reversibility of the adducts formed with the IFLPs can be controlled by appropriate substitution at B atom in the IFLPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohmmad Faizan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Warangal (NITW), Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - Ravinder Pawar
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Warangal (NITW), Warangal, Telangana, India
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Ferrer M, Alkorta I, Elguero J, Oliva-Enrich JM. Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide with Frustrated Lewis Pairs Based on N-Heterocycles with Silane/Germane Groups. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:6976-6984. [PMID: 34375528 PMCID: PMC8389994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c04787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) based on nitrogen heterocycles (pyridine, pyrazole, and imidazole) with a silane or germane group in the α-position of a nitrogen atom have been considered as potential molecules to sequestrate carbon dioxide. Three stationary points have been characterized in the reaction profile: a pre-reactive complex, an adduct minimum, and the transition state connecting them. The effect of external (solvent) or internal (hydroxyl group) electric fields in the reaction profile has been considered. In both cases, it is possible to improve the kinetics and thermodynamics of the complexation of CO2 by the FLP and favor the formation of adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Ferrer
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- PhD Programme in Theoretical Chemistry and Computational Modelling, Doctoral School, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep M Oliva-Enrich
- Instituto de Química-Física Rocasolano (CSIC), Serrano, 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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