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Chen Z, Yin X, Chen H, Fu X, Sun Y, Chen Q, Liu W, Shen X. Mechanical, Crystallization, Rheological, and Supercritical CO 2 Foaming Properties of Polybutylene Succinate Nanocomposites: Impact of Carbon Nanofiber Content. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:28. [PMID: 38201693 PMCID: PMC10780851 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
As a substitute for conventional polymers for the preparation of biodegradable microcellular polymeric foams, polybutylene succinate (PBS) presents one of the most promising alternatives. However, the low melt strength of PBS makes it difficult to produce high-performance microcellular foams. This study aimed to improve the melt strength of PBS and explore the mechanical, thermal, crystalline, rheological, and supercritical CO2 foaming properties of PBS nanocomposites by using carbon nanofibers (CNFs). This study found that nanocomposites containing 7 wt% CNF exhibited the highest tensile strength, Young's modulus, and bending strength. Moreover, the CNF nanofillers were well dispersed in the PBS matrix without significant agglomeration, even at high filler concentrations. Furthermore, the nanocomposites demonstrated improved melting temperature and crystallinity compared with pure PBS. The rheological analysis showed that the addition of CNFs significantly increased PBS viscosity at low frequencies due to the interaction between the PBS molecular chains and CNFs and the entanglement of CNFs, resulting in a more complete physical network formation when the CNF content reached above 3 wt%. During the supercritical CO2 foaming process, the addition of CNFs resulted in increased cell density, smaller cells, and thicker cell walls, with good laps formed between the fibers on the cell walls of nanocomposite foams. Moreover, the electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding properties of the foamed material were studied, and a nanocomposite foam containing 7 wt% CNF showed good electrical conductivity (4.5 × 10-3 S/m) and specific EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) (34.7 dB/g·cm-1). Additionally, the nanocomposite foam with 7 wt% CNF also exhibited good compression properties (21.7 MPa). Overall, this work has successfully developed a high-performance, multifunctional PBS-based nanocomposite foam, making it suitable for applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Chen
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China; (X.Y.); (Y.S.); (Q.C.); (W.L.); (X.S.)
| | - Xichen Yin
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China; (X.Y.); (Y.S.); (Q.C.); (W.L.); (X.S.)
| | - Hui Chen
- Jiangsu Zhongneng Polysilicon Technology Development Co., Ltd., Xuzhou 221000, China; (H.C.); (X.F.)
| | - Xuguang Fu
- Jiangsu Zhongneng Polysilicon Technology Development Co., Ltd., Xuzhou 221000, China; (H.C.); (X.F.)
| | - Yuyue Sun
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China; (X.Y.); (Y.S.); (Q.C.); (W.L.); (X.S.)
| | - Qian Chen
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China; (X.Y.); (Y.S.); (Q.C.); (W.L.); (X.S.)
| | - Weidong Liu
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China; (X.Y.); (Y.S.); (Q.C.); (W.L.); (X.S.)
- Wuhu Innovation New Materials Co., Ltd., Wuhu 241080, China
| | - Xiao Shen
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China; (X.Y.); (Y.S.); (Q.C.); (W.L.); (X.S.)
- Wuhu Innovation New Materials Co., Ltd., Wuhu 241080, China
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Wang Y, Zhao W, Tan L, Li Y, Qin L, Li S. Review of Polymer-Based Composites for Electromagnetic Shielding Application. Molecules 2023; 28:5628. [PMID: 37570598 PMCID: PMC10420247 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid advancement of electronic communication technology has greatly aided human productivity and quality of life, but it has also resulted in significant electromagnetic pollution issues. Traditional metals and alloys are often used for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding due to their excellent electrical conductivity. However, they have drawbacks such as being heavy, expensive, and having low corrosion resistance, which limits their application in electromagnetic shielding. Therefore, it is crucial to develop novel EMI shielding materials. Polymers, being highly flexible, corrosion-resistant, and possessing high specific strength, are frequently employed in electromagnetic shielding materials. In this review, we firstly introduce the basic theory of electromagnetic shielding. Then, we outline the processing methods and recent developments of polymer-based electromagnetic shielding composites, including uniform-, foam-, layered-, and segregated structures. Lastly, we present the challenges and prospects for the field, aiming to provide direction and inspiration for the study of polymer-based electromagnetic shielding composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wang
- College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Manufacturing of Super-Light Elastomer Materials of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Manufacturing of Super-Light Elastomer Materials of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Linli Tan
- College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Manufacturing of Super-Light Elastomer Materials of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Yingru Li
- College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Manufacturing of Super-Light Elastomer Materials of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Liu Qin
- College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Manufacturing of Super-Light Elastomer Materials of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Ningbo GMF New Material Technology Co., Ltd., Cixi 315300, China
| | - Shidong Li
- College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Manufacturing of Super-Light Elastomer Materials of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
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Bleija M, Platnieks O, Macutkevič J, Banys J, Starkova O, Grase L, Gaidukovs S. Poly(Butylene Succinate) Hybrid Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube/Iron Oxide Nanocomposites: Electromagnetic Shielding and Thermal Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030515. [PMID: 36771816 PMCID: PMC9921677 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
To address the ever-increasing electromagnetic interference (EMI) pollution, a hybrid filler approach for novel composites was chosen, with a focus on EMI absorbance. Carbon nanofiller loading was limited to 0.6 vol.% in order to create a sustainable and affordable solution. Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were mixed in nine ratios from 0.1 to 0.6 vol.% and 8.0 to 12.0 vol.%, respectively. With the addition of surfactant, excellent particle dispersion was achieved (examined with SEM micrographs) in a bio-based and biodegradable poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) matrix. Hybrid design synergy was assessed for EMI shielding using dielectric spectroscopy in the microwave region and transmittance in the terahertz range. The shielding effectiveness (20-52 dB) was dominated by very high absorption at 30 GHz, while in the 0.1 to 1.0 THz range, transmittance was reduced by up to 6 orders of magnitude. Frequency-independent AC electrical conductivity (from 10-2 to 107 Hz) was reached upon adding 0.6 vol.% MWCNT and 10 vol.% Fe3O4, with a value of around 3.1 × 10-2 S/m. Electrical and thermal conductivity were mainly affected by the content of MWCNT filler. The thermal conductivity scaled with the filler content and reached the highest value of 0.309 W/(mK) at 25 °C with the loading of 0.6 vol.% MWCNT and 12 vol.% Fe3O4. The surface resistivity showed an incremental decrease with an increase in MWCNT loading and was almost unaffected by an increase in iron oxide loading. Thermal conductivity was almost independent of temperature in the measured range of 25 to 45 °C. The nanocomposites serve as biodegradable alternatives to commodity plastic-based materials and are promising in the field of electromagnetic applications, especially for EMI shielding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miks Bleija
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Oskars Platnieks
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Jan Macutkevič
- Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 9, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jūras Banys
- Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 9, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Olesja Starkova
- Institute for Mechanics of Materials, University of Latvia, Jelgavas 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
- Correspondence: (O.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Liga Grase
- Institute of Materials and Surface Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Sergejs Gaidukovs
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
- Correspondence: (O.S.); (S.G.)
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