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Eills J, Picazo-Frutos R, Bondar O, Cavallari E, Carrera C, Barker SJ, Utz M, Herrero-Gómez A, Marco-Rius I, Tayler MCD, Aime S, Reineri F, Budker D, Blanchard JW. Enzymatic Reactions Observed with Zero- and Low-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Anal Chem 2023; 95:17997-18005. [PMID: 38047582 PMCID: PMC10720634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that enzyme-catalyzed reactions can be observed in zero- and low-field NMR experiments by combining recent advances in parahydrogen-based hyperpolarization methods with state-of-the-art magnetometry. Specifically, we investigated two model biological processes: the conversion of fumarate into malate, which is used in vivo as a marker of cell necrosis, and the conversion of pyruvate into lactate, which is the most widely studied metabolic process in hyperpolarization-enhanced imaging. In addition to this, we constructed a microfluidic zero-field NMR setup to perform experiments on microliter-scale samples of [1-13C]fumarate in a lab-on-a-chip device. Zero- to ultralow-field (ZULF) NMR has two key advantages over high-field NMR: the signals can pass through conductive materials (e.g., metals), and line broadening from sample heterogeneity is negligible. To date, the use of ZULF NMR for process monitoring has been limited to studying hydrogenation reactions. In this work, we demonstrate this emerging analytical technique for more general reaction monitoring and compare zero- vs low-field detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Eills
- Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology, Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- GSI
Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Institute
for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität
Mainz, Mainz 55099, Germany
| | - Román Picazo-Frutos
- GSI
Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Institute
for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität
Mainz, Mainz 55099, Germany
| | - Oksana Bondar
- Department
of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Center of Molecular
Imaging, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cavallari
- Department
of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Center of Molecular
Imaging, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Carla Carrera
- Institute
of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council of Italy, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Sylwia J. Barker
- School of
Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Marcel Utz
- School of
Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Alba Herrero-Gómez
- Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology, Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Irene Marco-Rius
- Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology, Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Michael C. D. Tayler
- The
Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, ICFO—Institut de Ciéncies Fotóniques, Castelldefels, Barcelona 08860, Spain
| | - Silvio Aime
- Department
of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Center of Molecular
Imaging, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Francesca Reineri
- Department
of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Center of Molecular
Imaging, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Dmitry Budker
- GSI
Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Institute
for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität
Mainz, Mainz 55099, Germany
- Department
of Physics, University of California at
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John W. Blanchard
- GSI
Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Quantum
Technology Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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2
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Pravdivtsev A, Buckenmaier K, Kempf N, Stevanato G, Scheffler K, Engelmann J, Plaumann M, Koerber R, Hövener JB, Theis T. LIGHT-SABRE Hyperpolarizes 1- 13C-Pyruvate Continuously without Magnetic Field Cycling. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:6744-6753. [PMID: 37081994 PMCID: PMC10108362 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c01128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear spin hyperpolarization enables real-time observation of metabolism and intermolecular interactions in vivo. 1-13C-pyruvate is the leading hyperpolarized tracer currently under evaluation in several clinical trials as a promising molecular imaging agent. Still, the quest for a simple, fast, and efficient hyperpolarization technique is ongoing. Here, we describe that continuous, weak irradiation in the audio-frequency range of the 13C spin at the 121 μT magnetic field (approximately twice Earth's field) enables spin order transfer from parahydrogen to 13C magnetization of 1-13C-pyruvate. These so-called LIGHT-SABRE pulses couple nuclear spin states of parahydrogen and pyruvate via the J-coupling network of reversibly exchanging Ir-complexes. Using ∼100% parahydrogen at ambient pressure, we polarized 51 mM 1-13C-pyruvate in the presence of 5.1 mM Ir-complex continuously and repeatedly to a polarization of 1.1% averaged over free and catalyst-bound pyruvate. The experiments were conducted at -8 °C, where almost exclusively bound pyruvate was observed, corresponding to an estimated 11% polarization on bound pyruvate. The obtained hyperpolarization levels closely match those obtained via SABRE-SHEATH under otherwise identical conditions. The creation of three different types of spin orders was observed: transverse 13C magnetization along the applied magnetic field, 13C z-magnetization along the main field B 0, and 13C-1H zz-spin order. With a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) for detection, we found that the generated spin orders result from 1H-13C J-coupling interactions, which are not visible even with our narrow linewidth below 0.3 Hz and at -8 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey
N. Pravdivtsev
- Section
Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN
CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical
Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischene Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Kai Buckenmaier
- High-Field
Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute
for Biological Cybernetics, Max-Planck-Ring 11, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Kempf
- High-Field
Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute
for Biological Cybernetics, Max-Planck-Ring 11, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gabriele Stevanato
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- NMR
Signal Enhancement Group, Max Planck Institute
for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- High-Field
Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute
for Biological Cybernetics, Max-Planck-Ring 11, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department
for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University
of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Joern Engelmann
- High-Field
Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute
for Biological Cybernetics, Max-Planck-Ring 11, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Plaumann
- Otto-von-Guericke
University, Medical Faculty, Institute of
Biometry and Medical Informatics, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Koerber
- Department
‘Biosignals’, Physikalisch-Technische
Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section
Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN
CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical
Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischene Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Theis
- High-Field
Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute
for Biological Cybernetics, Max-Planck-Ring 11, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Departments
of Chemistry and Physics, North Carolina
State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Joint
UNC-NC State Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
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3
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Marshall A, Salhov A, Gierse M, Müller C, Keim M, Lucas S, Parker A, Scheuer J, Vassiliou C, Neumann P, Jelezko F, Retzker A, Blanchard JW, Schwartz I, Knecht S. Radio-Frequency Sweeps at Microtesla Fields for Parahydrogen-Induced Polarization of Biomolecules. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:2125-2132. [PMID: 36802642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging of 13C-labeled metabolites enhanced by parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) enables real-time monitoring of processes within the body. We introduce a robust, easily implementable technique for transferring parahydrogen-derived singlet order into 13C magnetization using adiabatic radio frequency sweeps at microtesla fields. We experimentally demonstrate the applicability of this technique to several molecules, including some molecules relevant for metabolic imaging, where we show significant improvements in the achievable polarization, in some cases reaching above 60% nuclear spin polarization. Furthermore, we introduce a site-selective deuteration scheme, where deuterium is included in the coupling network of a pyruvate ester to enhance the efficiency of the polarization transfer. These improvements are enabled by the fact that the transfer protocol avoids relaxation induced by strongly coupled quadrupolar nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair Marshall
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Quantum Optics (IQO) and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Alon Salhov
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Martin Gierse
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Quantum Optics (IQO) and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Michael Keim
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Anna Parker
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Fedor Jelezko
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Quantum Optics (IQO) and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Alex Retzker
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | | | - Ilai Schwartz
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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4
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Parahydrogen-induced polarization and spin order transfer in ethyl pyruvate at high magnetic fields. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19361. [PMID: 36371512 PMCID: PMC9653431 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22347-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance has experienced great advances in developing and translating hyperpolarization methods into procedures for fundamental and clinical studies. Here, we propose the use of a wide-bore NMR for large-scale (volume- and concentration-wise) production of hyperpolarized media using parahydrogen-induced polarization. We discuss the benefits of radio frequency-induced parahydrogen spin order transfer, we show that 100% polarization is theoretically expected for homogeneous B0 and B1 magnetic fields for a three-spin system. Moreover, we estimated that the efficiency of spin order transfer is not significantly reduced when the B1 inhomogeneity is below ± 5%; recommendations for the sample size and RF coils are also given. With the latest breakthrough in the high-yield synthesis of 1-13C-vinyl pyruvate and its deuterated isotopologues, the high-field PHIP-SAH will gain increased attention. Some remaining challenges will be addressed shortly.
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5
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Pravdivtsev AN, Brahms A, Ellermann F, Stamp T, Herges R, Hövener JB. Parahydrogen-induced polarization and spin order transfer in ethyl pyruvate at high magnetic fields. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19361. [PMID: 36371512 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1807976/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance has experienced great advances in developing and translating hyperpolarization methods into procedures for fundamental and clinical studies. Here, we propose the use of a wide-bore NMR for large-scale (volume- and concentration-wise) production of hyperpolarized media using parahydrogen-induced polarization. We discuss the benefits of radio frequency-induced parahydrogen spin order transfer, we show that 100% polarization is theoretically expected for homogeneous B0 and B1 magnetic fields for a three-spin system. Moreover, we estimated that the efficiency of spin order transfer is not significantly reduced when the B1 inhomogeneity is below ± 5%; recommendations for the sample size and RF coils are also given. With the latest breakthrough in the high-yield synthesis of 1-13C-vinyl pyruvate and its deuterated isotopologues, the high-field PHIP-SAH will gain increased attention. Some remaining challenges will be addressed shortly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey N Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Arne Brahms
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto- Hahn Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Frowin Ellermann
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tim Stamp
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto- Hahn Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto- Hahn Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
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