1
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Edmans MD, Connelley TK, Morgan S, Pediongco TJ, Jayaraman S, Juno JA, Meehan BS, Dewar PM, Maze EA, Roos EO, Paudyal B, Mak JY, Liu L, Fairlie DP, Wang H, Corbett AJ, McCluskey J, Benedictus L, Tchilian E, Klenerman P, Eckle SB. MAIT cell-MR1 reactivity is highly conserved across multiple divergent species. J Biol Chem 2024:107338. [PMID: 38705391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a subset of unconventional T cells that recognize small molecule metabolites presented by MHC-I related protein 1 (MR1), via an αβ T cell receptor (TCR). MAIT TCRs feature an essentially invariant TCR α-chain, which is highly conserved between mammals. Similarly, MR1 is the most highly conserved MHC-I like molecule. This extreme conservation, including the mode of interaction between the MAIT TCR and MR1, has been shown to allow for species-mismatched reactivities unique in T cell biology thereby allowing the use of selected species-mismatched MR1-antigen (MR1-Ag) tetramers in comparative immunology studies. However, the pattern of cross-reactivity of species-mismatched MR1-Ag tetramers in identifying MAIT cells in diverse species has not been formally assessed. We developed novel cattle and pig MR1-Ag tetramers and utilized these alongside previously developed human, mouse and pig-tailed macaque MR1-Ag tetramers to characterize cross-species tetramer reactivities. MR1-Ag tetramers from each species identified T cell populations in distantly related species with specificity that was comparable to species-matched MR1-Ag tetramers. However, there were subtle differences in staining characteristics with practical implications for the accurate identification of MAIT cells. Pig MR1 is sufficiently conserved across species that pig MR1-Ag tetramers identified MAIT cells from the other species. However, MAIT cells in pigs were at the limits of phenotypic detection. In the absence of sheep MR1-Ag tetramers, a MAIT cell population in sheep blood was identified phenotypically, utilizing species-mismatched MR1-Ag tetramers. Collectively, our results validate the use and limitations of species-mismatched MR1-Ag tetramers in comparative immunology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Edmans
- Department of Enhanced Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom; Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Timothy K Connelley
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Morgan
- Department of Enhanced Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | - Troi J Pediongco
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Siddharth Jayaraman
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer A Juno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bronwyn S Meehan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Phoebe M Dewar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Emmanuel A Maze
- Department of Enhanced Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | - Eduard O Roos
- Department of Enhanced Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | - Basu Paudyal
- Department of Enhanced Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey Yw Mak
- Centre for Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ligong Liu
- Centre for Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David P Fairlie
- Centre for Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Huimeng Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Alexandra J Corbett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James McCluskey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lindert Benedictus
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, United Kingdom; Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Elma Tchilian
- Department of Enhanced Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sidonia Bg Eckle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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2
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Lin X, Wang Y, He Y. Mucosal-associated invariant T cells in infectious diseases of respiratory system: recent advancements and applications. J Inflamm (Lond) 2024; 21:6. [PMID: 38419084 PMCID: PMC10902946 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-024-00376-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are an atypical subset of T lymphocytes, which have a highly conserved semi-constant αβ chain of T-cell receptor (TCR) and recognize microbe-derived vitamin B metabolites via major histocompatibility complex class I related-1 molecule (MR1). MAIT cells get activated mainly through unique TCR-dependent and TCR-independent pathways, and express multiple functional and phenotypic traits, including innate-like functionality, T helper (Th) 1 cell immunity, Th 17 cell immunity, and tissue homing. Given the functions, MAIT cells are extensively reported to play a key role in mucosal homeostasis and infectious diseases. In the current work, we review the basic characteristics of MAIT cells and their roles in mucosal homeostasis and development of respiratory infectious diseases as well as their potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanqi He
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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3
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Chandra S, Ascui G, Riffelmacher T, Chawla A, Ramírez-Suástegui C, Castelan VC, Seumois G, Simon H, Murray MP, Seo GY, Premlal ALR, Schmiedel B, Verstichel G, Li Y, Lin CH, Greenbaum J, Lamberti J, Murthy R, Nigro J, Cheroutre H, Ottensmeier CH, Hedrick SM, Lu LF, Vijayanand P, Kronenberg M. Transcriptomes and metabolism define mouse and human MAIT cell populations. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eabn8531. [PMID: 37948512 PMCID: PMC11160507 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abn8531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a subset of T lymphocytes that respond to microbial metabolites. We defined MAIT cell populations in different organs and characterized the developmental pathway of mouse and human MAIT cells in the thymus using single-cell RNA sequencing and phenotypic and metabolic analyses. We showed that the predominant mouse subset, which produced IL-17 (MAIT17), and the subset that produced IFN-γ (MAIT1) had not only greatly different transcriptomes but also different metabolic states. MAIT17 cells in different organs exhibited increased lipid uptake, lipid storage, and mitochondrial potential compared with MAIT1 cells. All these properties were similar in the thymus and likely acquired there. Human MAIT cells in lung and blood were more homogeneous but still differed between tissues. Human MAIT cells had increased fatty acid uptake and lipid storage in blood and lung, similar to human CD8 T resident memory cells, but unlike mouse MAIT17 cells, they lacked increased mitochondrial potential. Although mouse and human MAIT cell transcriptomes showed similarities for immature cells in the thymus, they diverged more strikingly in the periphery. Analysis of pet store mice demonstrated decreased lung MAIT17 cells in these so-called "dirty" mice, indicative of an environmental influence on MAIT cell subsets and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Chandra
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Gabriel Ascui
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Thomas Riffelmacher
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY UK
| | - Ashu Chawla
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Ciro Ramírez-Suástegui
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Viankail C. Castelan
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Gregory Seumois
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Hayley Simon
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Mallory P. Murray
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Goo-Young Seo
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | | | - Benjamin Schmiedel
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Greet Verstichel
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Yingcong Li
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Chia-Hao Lin
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Jason Greenbaum
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - John Lamberti
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123 USA
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Falk Cardiovascular Research Center, Stanford, CA 94305-5407 USA
| | - Raghav Murthy
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123 USA
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Children’s Heart Center Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - John Nigro
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123 USA
| | - Hilde Cheroutre
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Christian H. Ottensmeier
- Liverpool Head and Neck Center, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK, L69 7ZB
| | - Stephen M. Hedrick
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093 USA
| | - Li-Fan Lu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093 USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093 USA
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Mitchell Kronenberg
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
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4
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Nelson AG, Wang H, Dewar PM, Eddy EM, Li S, Lim XY, Patton T, Zhou Y, Pediongco TJ, Meehan LJ, Meehan BS, Mak JYW, Fairlie DP, Stent AW, Kjer-Nielsen L, McCluskey J, Eckle SBG, Corbett AJ, Souter MNT, Chen Z. Synthetic 5-amino-6-D-ribitylaminouracil paired with inflammatory stimuli facilitates MAIT cell expansion in vivo. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1109759. [PMID: 37720229 PMCID: PMC10500299 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1109759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a population of innate-like T cells, which mediate host immunity to microbial infection by recognizing metabolite antigens derived from microbial riboflavin synthesis presented by the MHC-I-related protein 1 (MR1). Namely, the potent MAIT cell antigens, 5-(2-oxopropylideneamino)-6-D-ribitylaminouracil (5-OP-RU) and 5-(2-oxoethylideneamino)-6-D-ribitylaminouracil (5-OE-RU), form via the condensation of the riboflavin precursor 5-amino-6-D-ribitylaminouracil (5-A-RU) with the reactive carbonyl species (RCS) methylglyoxal (MG) and glyoxal (G), respectively. Although MAIT cells are abundant in humans, they are rare in mice, and increasing their abundance using expansion protocols with antigen and adjuvant has been shown to facilitate their study in mouse models of infection and disease. Methods Here, we outline three methods to increase the abundance of MAIT cells in C57BL/6 mice using a combination of inflammatory stimuli, 5-A-RU and MG. Results Our data demonstrate that the administration of synthetic 5-A-RU in combination with one of three different inflammatory stimuli is sufficient to increase the frequency and absolute numbers of MAIT cells in C57BL/6 mice. The resultant boosted MAIT cells are functional and can provide protection against a lethal infection of Legionella longbeachae. Conclusion These results provide alternative methods for expanding MAIT cells with high doses of commercially available 5-A-RU (± MG) in the presence of various danger signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam G. Nelson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Huimeng Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Phoebe M. Dewar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Eleanor M. Eddy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Songyi Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xin Yi Lim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Timothy Patton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Yuchen Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Troi J. Pediongco
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lucy J. Meehan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bronwyn S. Meehan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Y. W. Mak
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David P. Fairlie
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Lars Kjer-Nielsen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James McCluskey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sidonia B. G. Eckle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alexandra J. Corbett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael N. T. Souter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Zhenjun Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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5
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Xu C, Li S, Fulford TS, Christo SN, Mackay LK, Gray DH, Uldrich AP, Pellicci DG, I Godfrey D, Koay HF. Expansion of MAIT cells in the combined absence of NKT and γδ-T cells. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:446-461. [PMID: 37182737 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, natural killer T (NKT) cells, and γδT cells are collectively referred to as 'unconventional T cells' due to their recognition of non-peptide antigens and restriction to MHC-I-like molecules. However, the factors controlling their widely variable frequencies between individuals and organs are poorly understood. We demonstrated that MAIT cells are increased in NKT or γδT cell-deficient mice and highly expand in mice lacking both cell types. TCRα repertoire analysis of γδT cell-deficient thymocytes revealed altered Trav segment usage relative to wild-type thymocytes, highlighting retention of the Tcra-Tcrd locus from the 129 mouse strain used to generate Tcrd-/- mice. This resulted in a moderate increase in distal Trav segment usage, including Trav1, potentially contributing to increased generation of Trav1-Traj33+ MAIT cells in the Tcrd-/- thymus. Importantly, adoptively transferred MAIT cells underwent increased homeostatic proliferation within NKT/gdT cell-deficient tissues, with MAIT cell subsets exhibiting tissue-specific homing patterns. Our data reveal a shared niche for unconventional T cells, where competition for common factors may be exploited to collectively modulate these cells in the immune response. Lastly, our findings emphasise careful assessment of studies using NKT or γδT cell-deficient mice when investigating the role of unconventional T cells in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Shihan Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Thomas S Fulford
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Susan N Christo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Laura K Mackay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Daniel Hd Gray
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Adam P Uldrich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Daniel G Pellicci
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
| | - Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
| | - Hui-Fern Koay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
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6
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Patton T, Zhao Z, Lim XY, Eddy E, Wang H, Nelson AG, Ennis B, Eckle SBG, Souter MNT, Pediongco TJ, Koay HF, Zhang JG, Djajawi TM, Louis C, Lalaoui N, Jacquelot N, Lew AM, Pellicci DG, McCluskey J, Zhan Y, Chen Z, Lawlor KE, Corbett AJ. RIPK3 controls MAIT cell accumulation during development but not during infection. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:111. [PMID: 36774342 PMCID: PMC9922319 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05619-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Cell death mechanisms in T lymphocytes vary according to their developmental stage, cell subset and activation status. The cell death control mechanisms of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, a specialized T cell population, are largely unknown. Here we report that MAIT cells express key necroptotic machinery; receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) protein, in abundance. Despite this, we discovered that the loss of RIPK3, but not necroptotic effector MLKL or apoptotic caspase-8, specifically increased MAIT cell abundance at steady-state in the thymus, spleen, liver and lungs, in a cell-intrinsic manner. In contrast, over the course of infection with Francisella tularensis, RIPK3 deficiency did not impact the magnitude of the expansion nor contraction of MAIT cell pools. These findings suggest that, distinct from conventional T cells, the accumulation of MAIT cells is restrained by RIPK3 signalling, likely prior to thymic egress, in a manner independent of canonical apoptotic and necroptotic cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Patton
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xin Yi Lim
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eleanor Eddy
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Huimeng Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Adam G Nelson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bronte Ennis
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sidonia B G Eckle
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael N T Souter
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Troi J Pediongco
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hui-Fern Koay
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tirta M Djajawi
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cynthia Louis
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Najoua Lalaoui
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicolas Jacquelot
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew M Lew
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel G Pellicci
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital Parkville, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - James McCluskey
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yifan Zhan
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Drug Discovery, Shanghai Huaota Biopharm, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenjun Chen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate E Lawlor
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexandra J Corbett
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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7
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Snelgrove SL, Susanto O, Yeung L, Hall P, Norman MU, Corbett AJ, Kitching AR, Hickey MJ. T-cell receptor αβ + double-negative T cells in the kidney are predominantly extravascular and increase in abundance in response to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:49-64. [PMID: 36222375 PMCID: PMC10953373 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
T-cell receptor+ CD4- CD8- double-negative (DN) T cells are a population of T cells present in low abundance in blood and lymphoid organs, but enriched in various organs including the kidney. Despite burgeoning interest in these cells, studies examining their abundance in the kidney have reported conflicting results. Here we developed a flow cytometry strategy to clearly segregate DN T cells from other immune cells in the mouse kidney and used it to characterize their phenotype and response in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). These experiments revealed that in the healthy kidney, most DN T cells are located within the renal parenchyma and exhibit an effector memory phenotype. In response to IRI, the number of renal DN T cells is unaltered after 24 h, but significantly increased by 72 h. This increase is not related to alterations in proliferation or apoptosis. By contrast, adoptive transfer studies indicate that circulating DN T cells undergo preferential recruitment to the postischemic kidney. Furthermore, DN T cells show the capacity to upregulate CD8, both in vivo following adoptive transfer and in response to ex vivo activation. Together, these findings provide novel insights regarding the phenotype of DN T cells in the kidney, including their predominant extravascular location, and show that increases in their abundance in the kidney following IRI occur in part as a result of increased recruitment from the circulation. Furthermore, the observation that DN T cells can upregulate CD8 in vivo has important implications for detection and characterization of DN T cells in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Snelgrove
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of MedicineMonash Medical CentreClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Olivia Susanto
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of MedicineMonash Medical CentreClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Louisa Yeung
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of MedicineMonash Medical CentreClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Pamela Hall
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of MedicineMonash Medical CentreClaytonVICAustralia
| | - M Ursula Norman
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of MedicineMonash Medical CentreClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Alexandra J Corbett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - A Richard Kitching
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of MedicineMonash Medical CentreClaytonVICAustralia
- Departments of Nephrology and Paediatric NephrologyMonash Medical CentreClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Michael J Hickey
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of MedicineMonash Medical CentreClaytonVICAustralia
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8
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Wang H, Nelson AG, Wang B, Zhao Z, Lim XY, Shi M, Meehan LJ, Jia X, Kedzierska K, Meehan BS, Eckle SBG, Souter MNT, Pediongco TJ, Mak JYW, Fairlie DP, McCluskey J, Wang Z, Corbett AJ, Chen Z. The balance of interleukin‐12 and interleukin‐23 determines the bias of MAIT1
versus
MAIT17 responses during bacterial infection. Immunol Cell Biol 2022; 100:547-561. [PMID: 35514192 PMCID: PMC9539875 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a major subset of innate‐like T cells mediating protection against bacterial infection through recognition of microbial metabolites derived from riboflavin biosynthesis. Mouse MAIT cells egress from the thymus as two main subpopulations with distinct functions, namely, T‐bet‐expressing MAIT1 and RORγt‐expressing MAIT17 cells. Previously, we reported that inducible T‐cell costimulator and interleukin (IL)‐23 provide essential signals for optimal MHC‐related protein 1 (MR1)‐dependent activation and expansion of MAIT17 cells in vivo. Here, in a model of tularemia, in which MAIT1 responses predominate, we demonstrate that IL‐12 and IL‐23 promote MAIT1 cell expansion during acute infection and that IL‐12 is indispensable for MAIT1 phenotype and function. Furthermore, we showed that the bias toward MAIT1 or MAIT17 responses we observed during different bacterial infections was determined and modulated by the balance between IL‐12 and IL‐23 and that these responses could be recapitulated by cytokine coadministration with antigen. Our results indicate a potential for tailored immunotherapeutic interventions via MAIT cell manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Adam G Nelson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Bingjie Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
- School of Medicine Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Xin Yi Lim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Mai Shi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Lucy J Meehan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Xiaoxiao Jia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Bronwyn S Meehan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Sidonia BG Eckle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Michael NT Souter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Troi J Pediongco
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Jeffrey YW Mak
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience The University of Queensland Brisbane QLDAustralia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging The University of Queensland Brisbane QLDAustralia
| | - David P Fairlie
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience The University of Queensland Brisbane QLDAustralia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging The University of Queensland Brisbane QLDAustralia
| | - James McCluskey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Zhongfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Alexandra J Corbett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Zhenjun Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
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9
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Francisella tularensis induces Th1 like MAIT cells conferring protection against systemic and local infection. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4355. [PMID: 34272362 PMCID: PMC8285429 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24570-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells are recognized for their antibacterial functions. The protective capacity of MAIT cells has been demonstrated in murine models of local infection, including in the lungs. Here we show that during systemic infection of mice with Francisella tularensis live vaccine strain results in evident MAIT cell expansion in the liver, lungs, kidney and spleen and peripheral blood. The responding MAIT cells manifest a polarised Th1-like MAIT-1 phenotype, including transcription factor and cytokine profile, and confer a critical role in controlling bacterial load. Post resolution of the primary infection, the expanded MAIT cells form stable memory-like MAIT-1 cell populations, suggesting a basis for vaccination. Indeed, a systemic vaccination with synthetic antigen 5-(2-oxopropylideneamino)-6-D-ribitylaminouracil in combination with CpG adjuvant similarly boosts MAIT cells, and results in enhanced protection against both systemic and local infections with different bacteria. Our study highlights the potential utility of targeting MAIT cells to combat a range of bacterial pathogens.
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10
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Wang H, Chen Z, McCluskey J, Corbett AJ. Mouse models illuminate MAIT cell biology. Mol Immunol 2021; 130:55-63. [PMID: 33360377 PMCID: PMC7855494 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The field of mucosal-associated invariant T cell (MAIT) biology has grown rapidly since the identification of the vitamin-B-based antigens recognised by these specialised T cells. Over the past few years, our understanding of the complexities of MAIT cell function has developed, as they find their place among the other better known cells of the immune system. Key questions relate to understanding when MAIT cells help, when they hinder or cause harm, and when they do not matter. Exploiting mouse strains that differ in MAIT cell numbers, leveraged by specific detection of MAIT cells using MR1-tetramers, it has now been shown that MAIT cells play important immune roles in settings that include bacterial and viral infections, autoimmune diseases and cancer. We have also learnt much about their development, modes of activation and response to commensal microbiota, and begun to try ways to manipulate MAIT cells to improve disease outcomes. Here we review recent studies that have assessed MAIT cells in models of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimeng Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Zhenjun Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - James McCluskey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alexandra J Corbett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia.
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11
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Corbett AJ, Awad W, Wang H, Chen Z. Antigen Recognition by MR1-Reactive T Cells; MAIT Cells, Metabolites, and Remaining Mysteries. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1961. [PMID: 32973800 PMCID: PMC7482426 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells recognize vitamin B-based antigens presented by the non-polymorphic MHC class I related-1 molecule (MR1). Both MAIT T cell receptors (TCR) and MR1 are highly conserved among mammals, suggesting an important, and conserved, immune function. For many years, the antigens they recognize were unknown. The discovery that MR1 presents vitamin B-based small molecule ligands resulted in a rapid expansion of research in this area, which has yielded information on the role of MAIT cells in immune protection, autoimmune disease and recently in homeostasis and cancer. More recently, we have begun to appreciate the diverse nature of the small molecule ligands that can bind MR1, with several less potent antigens and small molecule drugs that can bind MR1 being identified. Complementary structural information has revealed the complex nature of interactions defining antigen recognition. Additionally, we now view MAIT cells (defined here as MR1-riboflavin-Ag reactive, TRAV1-2+ cells) as one subset of a broader family of MR1-reactive T cells (MR1T cells). Despite these advances, we still lack a complete understanding of how MR1 ligands are generated, presented and recognized in vivo. The biological relevance of these MR1 ligands and the function of MR1T cells in infection and disease warrants further investigation with new tools and approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J Corbett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Wael Awad
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Huimeng Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenjun Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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