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Martínková L, Křístková B, Křen V. Laccases and Tyrosinases in Organic Synthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3462. [PMID: 35408822 PMCID: PMC8998183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Laccases (Lac) and tyrosinases (TYR) are mild oxidants with a great potential in research and industry. In this work, we review recent advances in their use in organic synthesis. We summarize recent examples of Lac-catalyzed oxidation, homocoupling and heterocoupling, and TYR-catalyzed ortho-hydroxylation of phenols. We highlight the combination of Lac and TYR with other enzymes or chemical catalysts. We also point out the biological and pharmaceutical potential of the products, such as dimers of piceid, lignols, isorhamnetin, rutin, caffeic acid, 4-hydroxychalcones, thiols, hybrid antibiotics, benzimidazoles, benzothiazoles, pyrimidine derivatives, hydroxytyrosols, alkylcatechols, halocatechols, or dihydrocaffeoyl esters, etc. These products include radical scavengers; antibacterial, antiviral, and antitumor compounds; and building blocks for bioactive compounds and drugs. We summarize the available enzyme sources and discuss the scalability of their use in organic synthesis. In conclusion, we assume that the intensive use of laccases and tyrosinases in organic synthesis will yield new bioactive compounds and, in the long-term, reduce the environmental impact of industrial organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Martínková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (B.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Barbora Křístková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (B.K.); (V.K.)
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, CZ-166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (B.K.); (V.K.)
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Biocatalyzed Reactions towards Functional Food Components 4-Alkylcatechols and Their Analogues. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10091077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Catechols are antioxidants and radical scavengers with a broad medical potential. 4-Methylcatechol (1b) and 4-ethylcatechol (2b) (occurring in some traditional fermented and smoked foods) activate the cell defense against oxidative stress. We examined the biocatalyzed reactions towards 4-n-alkylcatechols with different side chains length, which is a factor important for the biological activities of catechols. 4-n-Alkylcatechols with methyl through heptyl side chains (1b–7b) were obtained in one pot by (i) oxidation of phenols 1a–7a with tyrosinase from Agaricus bisporus followed by (ii) reduction of ortho-quinones (intermediates) with L-ascorbic acid sodium salt. The conversions decreased with increasing side chain length. The preparative reactions were carried out with substrates 1a–5a. The isolated yields of the purified products decreased from 59% in 2b to 10% in 5b in correlation with logP of the substrates. Homology modeling indicated that the affinities of two tyrosinase isoforms (PPO3 and PPO4) to the substrates with side chains longer than C2 decreased with increasing side chain length. This was probably due to steric limitations and to missing interactions of the extended side chains in the active sites. We envisage using the model to predict further substrates of tyrosinase and testing the products, catechols, for radical-scavenging and biological activities.
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Bizzarri BM, Botta L, Aversa D, Mercuri NB, Poli G, Barbieri A, Berretta N, Saladino R. L-DOPA-quinone Mediated Recovery from GIRK Channel Firing Inhibition in Dopaminergic Neurons. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:431-436. [PMID: 30996775 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The oxidative degeneration of dopamine-releasing (DAergic) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) has attracted much interest in preclinical research, due to its involvement in Parkinson's disease manifestations. Evidence exists on the participation of quinone derivatives in mitochondrial dysfunction, alpha synuclein protein aggregation, and protein degradation. With the aim to investigate the role of L-DOPA-quinone in DAergic neuron functions, we synthesized L-DOPA-quinone by use of 2-iodoxybenzoic acid and measured its activity in recovery from dopamine-mediated firing inhibition of SNc neurons. Noteworthy, L-DOPA-quinone counteracts firing inhibition in SNc DAergic neurons caused by GIRK opening. A possible mechanism to explain the effect of L-DOPA-quinone on GIRK channel has been proposed by computational models. Overall, the study showed the possibility that L-DOPA-quinone stabilizes GIRK in a preopen conformation through formation of a covalent adduct with cysteine-65 on the GIRK2 subunit of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno M. Bizzarri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ecologiche e Biologiche, Università della Tuscia, Via S. C. De Lellis 44, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Botta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ecologiche e Biologiche, Università della Tuscia, Via S. C. De Lellis 44, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Daniela Aversa
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina, 306/354, 00142 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola B. Mercuri
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina, 306/354, 00142 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Poli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Barbieri
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Nicola Berretta
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina, 306/354, 00142 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Saladino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ecologiche e Biologiche, Università della Tuscia, Via S. C. De Lellis 44, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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Capecchi E, Piccinino D, Delfino I, Bollella P, Antiochia R, Saladino R. Functionalized Tyrosinase-Lignin Nanoparticles as Sustainable Catalysts for the Oxidation of Phenols. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E438. [PMID: 29914085 PMCID: PMC6027214 DOI: 10.3390/nano8060438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable catalysts for the oxidation of phenol derivatives under environmentally friendly conditions were prepared by the functionalization of lignin nanoparticles with tyrosinase. Lignin, the most abundant polyphenol in nature, is the main byproduct in the pulp and paper manufacturing industry and biorefinery. Tyrosinase has been immobilized by direct adsorption, encapsulation, and layer-by-layer deposition, with or without glutaraldehyde reticulation. Lignin nanoparticles were found to be stable to the tyrosinase activity. After the enzyme immobilization, they showed a moderate to high catalytic effect in the synthesis of catechol derivatives, with the efficacy of the catalyst being dependent on the specific immobilization procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Capecchi
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Davide Piccinino
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Ines Delfino
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Paolo Bollella
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Riccarda Antiochia
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Raffaele Saladino
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
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Botta L, Brunori F, Tulimieri A, Piccinino D, Meschini R, Saladino R. Laccase-Mediated Enhancement of the Antioxidant Activity of Propolis and Poplar Bud Exudates. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:2515-2523. [PMID: 30023668 PMCID: PMC6044900 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of propolis and poplar bud exudates with laccase from Trametes versicolor and 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy free radical increased the antioxidant activity, as evaluated by the 2,2'-diphenyl picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)- and t-butyl-OOH-induced DNA breakage comet assay analyses. The effect was highest for shorter reaction times. Propolis showed the highest antioxidant activity in the DPPH test, whereas poplar bud exudates were more active in reducing the t-butyl-OOH-induced lesions in the Chinese hamster ovary cell line. Even if the concentration of polyphenols decreased during the oxidation, the formation of low-molecular-weight phenols phloroglucinol 4 (1,3,5-trihydroxy benzene), hydroquinone 5 (1,4-dihydroxy benzene), and catechol 6 (1,2-dihydroxy benzene), characterized by the radical-scavenging activity, can account for the observed increase in the antioxidant activity.
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Bizzarri BM, Martini A, Serafini F, Aversa D, Piccinino D, Botta L, Berretta N, Guatteo E, Saladino R. Tyrosinase mediated oxidative functionalization in the synthesis of DOPA-derived peptidomimetics with anti-Parkinson activity. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03326e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
DOPA-derived peptidomimetics are an attractive therapeutic tool for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno M. Bizzarri
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB)
- University of Tuscia
- 01100 Viterbo
- Italy
| | - Alessandro Martini
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS
- 00143 Roma
- Italy
| | - Francesco Serafini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB)
- University of Tuscia
- 01100 Viterbo
- Italy
| | - Daniela Aversa
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS
- 00143 Roma
- Italy
| | - Davide Piccinino
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB)
- University of Tuscia
- 01100 Viterbo
- Italy
| | - Lorenzo Botta
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB)
- University of Tuscia
- 01100 Viterbo
- Italy
| | - Nicola Berretta
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS
- 00143 Roma
- Italy
| | - Ezia Guatteo
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS
- 00143 Roma
- Italy
- University of Naples Parthenope
| | - Raffaele Saladino
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB)
- University of Tuscia
- 01100 Viterbo
- Italy
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Bizzarri BM, Pieri C, Botta G, Arabuli L, Mosesso P, Cinelli S, Schinoppi A, Saladino R. Synthesis and antioxidant activity of DOPA peptidomimetics by a novel IBX mediated aromatic oxidative functionalization. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra09464j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
DOPA peptidomimetics with stable O–C and N–C covalent bonds between amino acid residues have been prepared by aromatic oxidative functionalization of tyrosine with 2-iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Pieri
- Department of Ecology and Biology
- University of Tuscia
- 01100 Viterbo
- Italy
| | - Giorgia Botta
- Department of Ecology and Biology
- University of Tuscia
- 01100 Viterbo
- Italy
| | - Lili Arabuli
- Department of Chemistry
- Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
- Georgia
| | - Pasquale Mosesso
- Department of Ecology and Biology
- University of Tuscia
- 01100 Viterbo
- Italy
| | - Serena Cinelli
- Research Toxicology Center Menarini
- 00040 Pomezia (Roma)
- Italy
| | - Angelo Schinoppi
- Department of Ecology and Biology
- University of Tuscia
- 01100 Viterbo
- Italy
| | - Raffele Saladino
- Department of Ecology and Biology
- University of Tuscia
- 01100 Viterbo
- Italy
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Bozzini T, Botta G, Delfino M, Onofri S, Saladino R, Amatore D, Sgarbanti R, Nencioni L, Palamara AT. Tyrosinase and Layer-by-Layer supported tyrosinases in the synthesis of lipophilic catechols with antiinfluenza activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:7699-708. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Bio-orthogonal and combinatorial approaches for the design of binding growth factors. Biomaterials 2013; 34:7565-74. [PMID: 23859658 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Merrifield chemistry enables the convenient synthesis of oligonucleotides and peptides, while recombinant DNA technology has facilitated protein engineering. Recently, protein engineering has been extended into bio-orthogonal protein engineering by the development of specific chemical or enzymatic modification technologies. The combinatorial approach of molecular evolutionary engineering (or in vitro selection) has also provided a new design tool for functional peptides. These methodologies have enabled the development of various new proteinaceous materials for biological and medical applications. Here, we will discuss recent progress in the molecular design of proteins with respect to the preparation of binding growth factors, which are of increasing importance in the biomaterials field.
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