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Bergmeister S, Kollotzek S, Calvo F, Gruber E, Zappa F, Scheier P, Echt O. Adsorption of Helium and Hydrogen on Triphenylene and 1,3,5-Triphenylbenzene. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154937. [PMID: 35956887 PMCID: PMC9370105 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The adsorption of helium or hydrogen on cationic triphenylene (TPL, C18H12), a planar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecule, and of helium on cationic 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene (TPB, C24H18), a propeller-shaped PAH, is studied by a combination of high-resolution mass spectrometry and classical and quantum computational methods. Mass spectra indicate that HenTPL+ complexes are particularly stable if n = 2 or 6, in good agreement with the quantum calculations that show that for these sizes, the helium atoms are strongly localized on either side of the central carbon ring for n = 2 and on either side of the three outer rings for n = 6. Theory suggests that He14TPL+ is also particularly stable, with the helium atoms strongly localized on either side of the central and outer rings plus the vacancies between the outer rings. For HenTPB+, the mass spectra hint at enhanced stability for n = 2, 4 and, possibly, 11. Here, the agreement with theory is less satisfactory, probably because TPB+ is a highly fluxional molecule. In the global energy minimum, the phenyl groups are rotated in the same direction, but when the zero-point harmonic correction is included, a structure with one phenyl group being rotated opposite to the other two becomes lower in energy. The energy barrier between the two isomers is very small, and TPB+ could be in a mixture of symmetric and antisymmetric states, or possibly even vibrationally delocalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bergmeister
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.B.); (S.K.); (E.G.); (F.Z.); (P.S.)
| | - Siegfried Kollotzek
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.B.); (S.K.); (E.G.); (F.Z.); (P.S.)
| | - Florent Calvo
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (O.E.)
| | - Elisabeth Gruber
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.B.); (S.K.); (E.G.); (F.Z.); (P.S.)
| | - Fabio Zappa
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.B.); (S.K.); (E.G.); (F.Z.); (P.S.)
| | - Paul Scheier
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.B.); (S.K.); (E.G.); (F.Z.); (P.S.)
| | - Olof Echt
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.B.); (S.K.); (E.G.); (F.Z.); (P.S.)
- Department of Physics, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (O.E.)
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2
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Schiller A, Meyer M, Martini P, Zappa F, Krasnokutski SA, Calvo F, Scheier P. Adsorption of Helium on Small Cationic PAHs: Influence of Hydrocarbon Structure on the Microsolvation Pattern. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:7813-7824. [PMID: 34436885 PMCID: PMC8450901 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c05150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The adsorption of up to ∼100 helium atoms on cations of the planar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) anthracene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene was studied by combining helium nanodroplet mass spectrometry with classical and quantum computational methods. Recorded time-of-flight mass spectra reveal a unique set of structural features in the ion abundance as a function of the number of attached helium atoms for each of the investigated PAHs. Path-integral molecular dynamics simulations were used with a polarizable potential to determine the underlying adsorption patterns of helium around the studied PAH cations and in good general agreement with the experimental data. The calculated structures of the helium-PAH complexes indicate that the arrangement of adsorbed helium atoms is highly sensitive toward the structure of the solvated PAH cation. Closures of the first solvation shell around the studied PAH cations are suggested to lie between 29 and 37 adsorbed helium atoms depending on the specific PAH cation. Helium atoms are found to preferentially adsorb on these PAHs following the 3 × 3 commensurate pattern common for graphitic surfaces, in contrast to larger carbonaceous molecules like corannulene, coronene, and fullerenes that exhibit a 1 × 1 commensurate phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Schiller
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Miriam Meyer
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Paul Martini
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Fabio Zappa
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Serge A. Krasnokutski
- Laboratory
Astrophysics Group of the MPI for Astronomy at the University of Jena, Helmholtzweg 3, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Florent Calvo
- CNRS,
LiPhy, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Paul Scheier
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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3
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Gnidovec A, Čopar S. Long-range order in quadrupolar systems on spherical surfaces. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:4874-4883. [PMID: 33890591 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00228g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The interplay between curvature, confinement and ordering on curved manifolds, with anisotropic interactions between building blocks, takes a central role in many fields of physics. In this paper, we investigate the effects of lattice symmetry and local positional order on orientational ordering in systems of long-range interacting point quadrupoles on a sphere in the zero temperature limit. Locally triangular spherical lattices show long-range ordered quadrupolar configurations only for specific symmetric lattices as strong geometric frustration prevents general global ordering. Conversely, the ground states on Caspar-Klug lattices are more diverse, with many different symmetries depending on the position of quadrupoles within the fundamental domain. We also show that by constraining the quadrupole tilts with respect to the surface normal, which models interactions with the substrate, and by considering general quadrupole tensors, we can manipulate the ground state configuration symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- AndraŽ Gnidovec
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Simon Čopar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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4
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Yang Y, Sun A, Gu W. Sensing behavior of pristine and doped C70 fullerenes to mercaptopurine drug: a DFT/TDDFT investigation. Struct Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-020-01651-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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5
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González-Lezana T, Echt O, Gatchell M, Bartolomei M, Campos-Martínez J, Scheier P. Solvation of ions in helium. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2020.1794585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomás González-Lezana
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas IFF-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olof Echt
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Physics, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Michael Gatchell
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Massimiliano Bartolomei
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas IFF-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Campos-Martínez
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas IFF-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul Scheier
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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6
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Mahmoodi-Darian M, Martini P, Tiefenthaler L, Kočišek J, Scheier P, Echt O. Solvation of Silver Ions in Noble Gases He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:10426-10436. [PMID: 31725298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b09496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We use a novel technique to solvate silver cations in small clusters of noble gases. The technique involves the formation of large, superfluid helium nanodroplets that are subsequently electron ionized, mass-selected by deflection in an electric field, and doped with silver atoms and noble gases (Ng) in pickup cells. Excess helium is then stripped from the doped nanodroplets by multiple collisions with helium gas at room temperature, producing cluster ions that contain no more than a few dozen noble gas atoms and just a few (or no) silver atoms. Under gentle stripping conditions, helium atoms remain attached to the cluster ions, demonstrating their low vibrational temperature. Under harsher stripping conditions, some of the heavier noble gas atoms will be evaporated as well, thus enriching stable clusters of NgnAgm+ at the expense of less stable ones. This results in local anomalies in the cluster ion abundance, which is measured in a high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer. On the basis of these data, we identify specific "magic" sizes n of particularly stable ions. There is no evidence, however, for enhanced stability of Ng2Ag+, in contrast to the high stability of Ng2Au+ that derives from the covalent nature of the bond for heavy noble gases. "Magic" sizes are also identified for Ag2+ dimer ions complexed with He or Kr. Structural models will be tentatively proposed. A sequence of magic numbers n = 12, 32, and 44, indicative of three concentric solvation shells of icosahedral symmetry, is observed for HenH2O+.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Martini
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik , Universität Innsbruck , Innsbruck A-6020 , Austria
| | - Lukas Tiefenthaler
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik , Universität Innsbruck , Innsbruck A-6020 , Austria
| | - Jaroslav Kočišek
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik , Universität Innsbruck , Innsbruck A-6020 , Austria.,J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the CAS , Prague 18223 , Czech Republic
| | - Paul Scheier
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik , Universität Innsbruck , Innsbruck A-6020 , Austria
| | - Olof Echt
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik , Universität Innsbruck , Innsbruck A-6020 , Austria.,Department of Physics , University of New Hampshire , Durham , New Hampshire 03824 , United States
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7
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Esrafili MD, Janebi H. B-, N-doped and BN codoped C60 heterofullerenes for environmental monitoring of NO and NO2: a DFT study. Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1631495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi D. Esrafili
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basis Sciences, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Hossein Janebi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basis Sciences, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
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8
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Martini P, Goulart M, Kranabetter L, Gitzl N, Rasul B, Scheier P, Echt O. Charged Clusters of C 60 and Au or Cu: Evidence for Stable Sizes and Specific Dissociation Channels. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:4599-4608. [PMID: 31062979 PMCID: PMC6545602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b02768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
We have doped helium nanodroplets with C60 and either gold or copper. Positively or negatively charged (C60) mM n± ions (M = Au or Cu) containing up to ≈10 fullerenes and ≈20 metal atoms are formed by electron ionization. The abundance distributions extracted from high-resolution mass spectra reveal several local anomalies. The sizes of the four most stable (C60) mAu n± ions identified in previous calculations for small values of m and n ( m ≤ 2 and n ≤ 2, or m = 1 and n = 3) agree with local maxima in the abundance distributions. Our data suggest the existence of several other relatively stable ions including (C60)2Au3± and (C60)3Au4-. Another feature, namely the absence of bare (C60)2±, confirms the prediction that (C60)2M± dissociates by loss of C60± rather than loss of M. The experimental data also reveal the preference for loss of (charged or neutral) C60 over loss of a metal atom from some larger species such as (C60)3M3+. In contrast to these similarities between Au and Cu, the abundance distributions of (C60)3Au n- and (C60)3Cu n- are markedly different. In this discussion, we emphasize the similarities and differences between anions and cations, and between gold and copper. Also noteworthy is the observation of dianions (C60) mAu n2- for m = 2, 4, and 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Martini
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marcelo Goulart
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lorenz Kranabetter
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Norbert Gitzl
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bilal Rasul
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department
of Physics, University of Sargodha, 40100 Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Paul Scheier
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Olof Echt
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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9
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Renzler M, Kranabetter L, Goulart M, Scheier P, Echt O. Positively and Negatively Charged Cesium and (C 60) m Cs n Cluster Ions. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2017; 121:10817-10823. [PMID: 28572870 PMCID: PMC5447244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b11928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report on the formation and ionization of cesium and C60Cs clusters in superfluid helium nanodroplets. Size distributions of positively and negatively charged (C60) m Cs n± ions have been measured for m ≤ 7, n ≤ 12. Reproducible intensity anomalies are observed in high-resolution mass spectra. For both charge states, (C60) m Cs3± and (C60) m Cs5± are particularly abundant, with little dependence on the value of m. Distributions of bare cesium cluster ions also indicate enhanced stability of Cs3± and Cs5±, in agreement with theoretical predictions. These findings contrast with earlier reports on highly Cs-doped cationic fullerene aggregates which showed enhanced stability of C60Cs6 building blocks attributed to charge transfer. The dependence of the (C60) m Cs3- anion yield on electron energy shows a resonance that, surprisingly, oscillates in strength as m increases from 1 to 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Renzler
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lorenz Kranabetter
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marcelo Goulart
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Paul Scheier
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Olof Echt
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department
of Physics, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
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10
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Calvo F, Yurtsever E, Birer Ö. Possible Formation of Metastable PAH Dimers upon Pickup by Helium Droplets. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:1727-36. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Calvo
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - E. Yurtsever
- Koç University, Chemistry Department, Rumeli
Feneri Yolu, Sariyer 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ö. Birer
- Koç University, Chemistry Department, Rumeli
Feneri Yolu, Sariyer 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
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11
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Yong Y, Lv S, Zhang R, Zhou Q, Su X, Li T, Cui H. C54Si6 heterofullerene as a potential gas sensor for CO, NO, and HCN detection. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17834k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The C54Si6 heterofullerene can be expected to be an excellent gas sensor for CO, NO, and HCN detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Yong
- College of Physics and Engineering
- Henan University of Science and Technology
- Luoyang 471003
- China
- Department of Physics
| | - Shijie Lv
- College of Physics and Engineering
- Henan University of Science and Technology
- Luoyang 471003
- China
| | - Ruizhou Zhang
- College of Physics and Engineering
- Henan University of Science and Technology
- Luoyang 471003
- China
| | - Qingxiao Zhou
- College of Physics and Engineering
- Henan University of Science and Technology
- Luoyang 471003
- China
| | - Xiangying Su
- College of Physics and Engineering
- Henan University of Science and Technology
- Luoyang 471003
- China
| | - Tongwei Li
- College of Physics and Engineering
- Henan University of Science and Technology
- Luoyang 471003
- China
| | - Hongling Cui
- College of Physics and Engineering
- Henan University of Science and Technology
- Luoyang 471003
- China
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12
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Robledo M, Díaz-Tendero S, Martín F, Alcamí M. Theoretical study of the interaction between molecular hydrogen and [MC60]+ complexes. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra00501b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work we present a density functional theory study of the interaction between a positively charged exohedral metallofullerene and several hydrogen molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitreyi Robledo
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Sergio Díaz-Tendero
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC)
| | - Fernando Martín
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencias (IMDEA_Nanociencia)
| | - Manuel Alcamí
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencias (IMDEA_Nanociencia)
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13
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Harnisch M, Weinberger N, Denifl S, Scheier P, Echt O. Adsorption of helium on isolated C60and C70anions. Mol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2015.1018357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Harnisch M, Weinberger N, Denifl S, Scheier P, Echt O. Helium Droplets Doped with Sulfur and C 60. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2015; 119:10919-10924. [PMID: 26045732 PMCID: PMC4450369 DOI: 10.1021/jp510870x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Clusters of sulfur are grown by passing superfluid helium nanodroplets through a pickup cell filled with sulfur vapor. In some experiments the droplets are codoped with C60. The doped droplets are collided with energetic electrons and the abundance distributions of positively and negatively charged cluster ions are recorded. We report, specifically, distributions of S m+, S m-, and C60S m- containing up to 41 sulfur atoms. We also observe complexes of sulfur cluster anions with helium; distributions are presented for He n S m- with n ≤ 31 and m ≤ 3. The similarity between anionic and cationic C60S m± spectra is in striking contrast to the large differences between spectra of S m+ and S m-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Harnisch
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nikolaus Weinberger
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stephan Denifl
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Paul Scheier
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Olof Echt
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department
of Physics, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
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15
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Girek B, Sliwa W. Hybrids of cationic porphyrins with nanocarbons. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2015; 82:283-300. [PMID: 26167127 PMCID: PMC4491362 DOI: 10.1007/s10847-015-0485-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In the review hybrids of cationic porphyrins (i.e. porphyrins functionalized by quaternary pyridinium groups) with nanocarbons such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and graphene are described. Selected examples of these species are characterized in regard of their properties and possible applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Girek
- Institute of Chemistry, Environmental Protection and Biotechnology, Jan Długosz University in Czestochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Wanda Sliwa
- Institute of Chemistry, Environmental Protection and Biotechnology, Jan Długosz University in Czestochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland
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16
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Calvo F. Coating Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations with Helium Clusters: Snowballs and Slush. J Phys Chem A 2014; 119:5959-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jp510799h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Florent Calvo
- University of Grenoble Alpes, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France and
- CNRS, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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17
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Robledo M, Aguirre NF, Díaz-Tendero S, Martín F, Alcamí M. Bonding in exohedral metal–fullerene cationic complexes. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10776d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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18
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Bartl P, Leidlmair C, Denifl S, Scheier P, Echt O. On the size and structure of helium snowballs formed around charged atoms and clusters of noble gases. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:8050-9. [PMID: 24128371 PMCID: PMC4166691 DOI: 10.1021/jp406540p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Helium nanodroplets doped with argon, krypton, or xenon are ionized by electrons and analyzed in a mass spectrometer. HenNgx(+) ions containing up to seven noble gas (Ng) atoms and dozens of helium atoms are identified; the high resolution of the mass spectrometer combined with advanced data analysis make it possible to unscramble contributions from isotopologues that have the same nominal mass but different numbers of helium or Ng atoms, such as the magic He20(84)Kr2(+) and the isobaric, nonmagic He41(84)Kr(+). Anomalies in these ion abundances reveal particularly stable ions; several intriguing patterns emerge. Perhaps most astounding are the results for HenAr(+), which show evidence for three distinct, solid-like solvation shells containing 12, 20, and 12 helium atoms. This observation runs counter to the common notion that only the first solvation shell is solid-like but agrees with calculations by Galli et al. for HenNa(+) [J. Phys. Chem. A 2011, 115, 7300] that reveal three shells of icosahedral symmetry. HenArx(+) (2 ≤ x ≤ 7) ions appear to be especially stable if they contain a total of n + x = 19 atoms. A sequence of anomalies in the abundance distribution of HenKrx(+) suggests that rings of six helium atoms are inserted into the solvation shell each time a krypton atom is added to the ionic core, from Kr(+) to Kr3(+). Previously reported strong anomalies at He12Kr2(+) and He12Kr3(+) [Kim , J. H.; et al. J. Chem. Phys. 2006, 124, 214301] are attributed to a contamination. Only minor local anomalies appear in the distributions of HenXex(+) (x ≤ 3). The distributions of HenKr(+) and HenXe(+) show strikingly similar, broad features that are absent from the distribution of HenAr(+); differences are tentatively ascribed to the very different fragmentation dynamics of these ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bartl
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Leidlmair
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stephan Denifl
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Paul Scheier
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Olof Echt
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Physics, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
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Zöttl S, Kaiser A, Daxner M, Goulart M, Mauracher A, Probst M, Hagelberg F, Denifl S, Scheier P, Echt O. Ordered phases of ethylene adsorbed on charged fullerenes and their aggregates. CARBON 2014; 69:206-220. [PMID: 25843960 PMCID: PMC4375791 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In spite of extensive investigations of ethylene adsorbed on graphite, bundles of nanotubes, and crystals of fullerenes, little is known about the existence of commensurate phases; they have escaped detection in almost all previous work. Here we present a combined experimental and theoretical study of ethylene adsorbed on free C60 and its aggregates. The ion yield of [Formula: see text] measured by mass spectrometry reveals a propensity to form a structurally ordered phase on monomers, dimers and trimers of C60 in which all sterically accessible hollow sites over carbon rings are occupied. Presumably the enhancement of the corrugation by the curvature of the fullerene surface favors this phase which is akin to a hypothetical 1 × 1 phase on graphite. Experimental data also reveal the number of molecules in groove sites of the C60 dimer through tetramer. The identity of the sites, adsorption energies and orientations of the adsorbed molecules are determined by molecular dynamics calculations based on quantum chemical potentials, as well as density functional theory. The decrease in orientational order with increasing temperature is also explored in the simulations whereas in the experiment it is impossible to vary the temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Zöttl
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander Kaiser
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthias Daxner
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marcelo Goulart
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Mauracher
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Probst
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Frank Hagelberg
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Stephan Denifl
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Paul Scheier
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Olof Echt
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Physics, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
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