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Purabgola A, Mayilswamy N, Kandasubramanian B. Graphene-based TiO 2 composites for photocatalysis & environmental remediation: synthesis and progress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:32305-32325. [PMID: 35137316 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18983-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photoactive nanomaterials constitute an emerging field in nanotechnology, finding an extensive array of applications spanning diverse areas, including electronics and photovoltaic devices, solar fuel cells, wastewater treatment, etc. Titanium dioxide (TiO2), in its thin-film form, has been exhaustively surveyed as potential photocatalysts for environmental remediation owing to its innocuousness, stability, and photocatalytic characteristics when subjected to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. However, TiO2 has some shortcomings associated with a large bandgap value of around 3.2 eV, making it less efficient in the visible spectral range. TiO2 is often consolidated with various carbon nanomaterials to overcome this limitation and enhance its efficiency. Graphene, a 2-dimensional allotrope of carbon with a bandgap tuned between 0 and 0.25 eV, exhibits unique properties, making it an attractive candidate to augment the photoactivity of semiconductor (SC) oxides. Encapsulating graphene oxide onto TiO2 nanospheres demonstrates intensified photocatalytic properties and exceptional recyclability for the degeneration of certain dyes, including Rhodamine B. This review encompasses various techniques to synthesize graphene-based TiO2 photoactive composites, emphasizing graphene capsulized hollow titania nanospheres, nanofibers, core/shell, and reduced graphene oxide-TiO2-based nanocomposites. It also consolidates the application of the aforestated nanocomposites for the disintegration of various synthetic dyes, proving efficacious for water decontamination and degradation of chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Furthermore, graphene-based TiO2 nanocomposites used as lithium (Li)-ion batteries manifesting substantial electrochemical performance and solar fuel cells for energy production are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushka Purabgola
- Centre for Converging Technologies, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, 302004, Rajasthan, India
| | - Neelaambhigai Mayilswamy
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, Pune, 411025, Maharashtra, India
| | - Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, Pune, 411025, Maharashtra, India.
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Teng M, Shi J, Qi H, Shi C, Wang W, Kang F, Eqi M, Huang Z. Effective enhancement of electron migration and photocatalytic performance of nitrogen-rich carbon nitride by constructing fungal carbon dot/molybdenum disulfide cocatalytic system. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 609:592-605. [PMID: 34848061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To find a cocatalyst that can replace noble metals, fungal carbon dot (CD) modified molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) cocatalyst system was designed. The composites were prepared by hydrothermal and calcination methods with different ratios of CDs, MoS2 and nitrogen-rich carbon nitride (p-C3N5). p-C3N5 has excellent electronic properties, and MoS2 modified by CDs (D-MoS2) can significantly enhance the photocatalytic performance of p-C3N5 by improving the photogenerated electron migration efficiency. The experiments showed that the developed CDs/MoS2/C3N5 composites exhibited excellent performance in both photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) evolution and methylene blue (MB) degradation, with CMSCN5 (D-MoS2 with 5% mass fraction) showing the best photocatalytic activity. The corresponding H2 evolution rate of CMSCN5 was 444 μmol g-1h-1 and 1.45 times higher than that of unmodified p-C3N5, by 120 min, the removal rate of MB was up to 93.51%. The 5 cycle tests showed that CMSCN5 had great stability. The high charge mobility and high density of H2 evolution active sites of MoS2 nanosheets, together with the electron storage and transfer properties of CDs can obviously improve electron migration and reduce the photogenerated carrier recombination on the p-C3N5 surface. The design and preparation of such composites offer broad prospects for the development of photocatalytic systems with noble metal-free cocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Teng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Junming Shi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Houjuan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Cai Shi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Weicong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Fuyan Kang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Malin Eqi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zhanhua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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Zamani S, Salem S. Couple of graphene oxide and functionalized carbon nanotubes for dye degradation enhancement of anatase under visible light and solar irradiation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10.1007/s11356-021-12931-9. [PMID: 33629167 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12931-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide sheets (GO) were coupled with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to enhance the photoactivity of anatase under visible and solar irradiation. The carbon nanotube surface was functionalized in the acidic reflux condition before coupling with GO and decoration of anatase by the sol-gel method. A modified kinetic model was appropriately applied to predict the breakthrough in the methylene blue degradation yield and determine the constant rate which was clearly affected by coupling architecture. The nanocomposite fabricated by the same proportions of GO and CNTs, 3.33%, exhibited the maximal degradation yield, 96.5%, in the dye solution with the initial concentration of 3.0 mg l-1. The characterizations based on X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) revealed that the functionalized CNTs could create the appropriate space between the graphene sheets for uniformly interconnection of anatase via oxygen-containing groups onto the material surfaces. This enhancement in the degradation efficiency could be ascribed to the unique architecture, leading to a decrease in bandgap energy, 2.2 eV, which facilitated the electron-hole separation. Besides of breakthrough in the photoreaction rate, the adequate architecture led to an efficient reduction in the content of carbon-based materials. Also, the performance of mentioned nanocomposite under sunlight photons was effectively higher than that under UV irradiation. The hybrid nanocomposite provided a large number of active sites for photoreactions to facilitate the treatment of wastewater under solar irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Zamani
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Urmia University of Technology, Urmia, Iran
| | - Shiva Salem
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Urmia University of Technology, Urmia, Iran.
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Truong DH, Vo V, Van Gerven T, Leblebici ME. A Facile Method for the Synthesis of a MoS
2
/g‐C
3
N
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Photocatalyst. Chem Eng Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201900275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duy Huong Truong
- Quy Nhon UniversityDepartment of Chemistry 170 An Duong Vuong Quy Nhon city Binh Dinh Province Vietnam
- KU LeuvenProcess Engineering for Sustainable Systems (ProcESS)Department of Chemical Engineering Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2424 3000 Leuven Flanders Belgium
| | - Vien Vo
- Quy Nhon UniversityDepartment of Chemistry 170 An Duong Vuong Quy Nhon city Binh Dinh Province Vietnam
| | - Tom Van Gerven
- KU LeuvenProcess Engineering for Sustainable Systems (ProcESS)Department of Chemical Engineering Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2424 3000 Leuven Flanders Belgium
| | - Mumin Enis Leblebici
- KU LeuvenFaculty of Industrial Engineering Lab4U, Agoralaan Building B, Box 8 3590 Diepenbeek Flanders Belgium
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Panahian Y, Arsalani N. Synthesis of Hedgehoglike F-TiO2(B)/CNT Nanocomposites for Sonophotocatalytic and Photocatalytic Degradation of Malachite Green (MG) under Visible Light: Kinetic Study. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:5614-5624. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b02580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Panahian
- Research Laboratory of Polymer,
Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasser Arsalani
- Research Laboratory of Polymer,
Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Cao Y, Li Q, Wang W. Construction of a crossed-layer-structure MoS2/g-C3N4 heterojunction with enhanced photocatalytic performance. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra26925g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel crossed-layer-structure MoS2/g-C3N4 (graphitic carbon nitride) was synthesized by a facile method, and was characterized by a collection of analytical techniques: X-ray diffraction patterns, FT-IR spectra, SEM, TEM, and XPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzhi Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi
- China
| | - Qiao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi
- China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi
- China
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
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Li Q, Bian J, Zhang N, Ng DH. Loading Ni(OH)2 on the Ti-doped hematite photoanode for photoelectrochemical water splitting. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.12.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Chen W, Liu TY, Huang T, Liu XH, Duan GR, Yang XJ, Chen SM. A novel yet simple strategy to fabricate visible light responsive C,N-TiO2/g-C3N4 heterostructures with significantly enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen generation. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18302b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Improved visible photocatalytic H2 evolution can be attributed to improved optical absorption and the lengthening lifetime of charge carrier pairs as a result of the C,N elemental codoping and the construction of intimate heterogeneous interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Tian-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Ting Huang
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Xiao-Heng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Guo-Rong Duan
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Xu-Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Shen-Ming Chen
- Electroanalysis and Bioelectrochemistry Lab
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei 106
- Republic of China
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Li Q, Zhang N, Yang Y, Wang G, Ng DHL. High efficiency photocatalysis for pollutant degradation with MoS2/C3N4 heterostructures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:8965-72. [PMID: 25017627 DOI: 10.1021/la502033t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Porous graphitic carbon nitride was synthesized by controllable thermal polymerization of urea in air. Their textural, electrical, and optical properties were tuned by varying the heating rate. The presence of proper residual oxygen in carbon nitride matrix had enhanced light absorption and inhibited the recombination of charge carriers. Furthermore, the MoS2 nanosheets were coupled into the carbon nitride to form MoS2/C3N4 heterostructures via a facile ultrasonic chemical method. The optimized MoS2/C3N4 heterostructure with 0.05 wt % MoS2 showed a reaction rate constant as high as 0.301 min(-1), which was 3.6 times that of bare carbon nitride. As analyzed by SEM, TEM, UV-vis absorption, PL and photoelectrochemical measurements, intimate contact interface, extended light response range, enhanced separation speed of charge carriers, and high photocurrent density upon MoS2 coupling led to the photocatalytic promotion of the MoS2/C3N4 heterostructures. In this architecture, MoS2 served as electron trapper to extend the lifetime of separated electron-hole pairs. Meanwhile, the accumulated holes on the surface of carbon nitride oxidized the organic dye directly, which was a predominant process in the photodegradation of organic pollutants in water treatment. The promotional mechanisms and principles reported here would have great significance in heterogeneous photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, P. R. China
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