1
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Sholokhova AY, Matyushin DD, Shashkov MV. Quantitative structure-retention relationships for pyridinium-based ionic liquids used as gas chromatographic stationary phases: convenient software and assessment of reliability of the results. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1730:465144. [PMID: 38996513 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Ionic liquids, i.e., organic salts with a low melting point, can be used as gas chromatographic liquid stationary phases. These stationary phases have some advantages such as peculiar selectivity, high polarity, and thermostability. Many previous works are devoted to such stationary phases. However, there are still no large enough retention data sets of structurally diverse compounds for them. Consequently, there are very few works devoted to quantitative structure-retention relationships (QSRR) for ionic liquid-based stationary phases. This work is aimed at closing this gap. Three ionic liquids with substituted pyridinium cations are considered. We provide large enough data sets (123-158 compounds) that can be used in further works devoted to QSRR and related methods. We provide a QSRR study using this data set and demonstrate the following. The retention index for a polyethylene glycol stationary phase (denoted as RI_PEG), predicted using another model, can be used as a molecular descriptor. This descriptor significantly improves the accuracy of the QSRR model. Both deep learning-based and linear models were considered for RI_PEG prediction. The ability to predict the retention indices for ionic liquid-based stationary phases with high accuracy is demonstrated. Particular attention is paid to the reproducibility and reliability of the QSRR study. It was demonstrated that adding/removing several compounds, small perturbations of the data set can considerably affect the results such as descriptor importance and model accuracy. These facts have to be considered in order to avoid misleading conclusions. For the QSRR research, we developed a software tool with a graphical user interface, which we called CHERESHNYA. It is intended to select molecular descriptors and construct linear equations connecting molecular descriptors with gas chromatographic retention indices for any stationary phase. The software allows the user to generate several hundred molecular descriptors (one-dimensional and two-dimensional). Among them, predicted retention indices for popular stationary phases such as polydimethylsiloxane and polyethylene glycol are used as molecular descriptors. Various methods for selecting (and assessing the importance of) molecular descriptors have been implemented, in particular the Boruta algorithm, partial least squares, genetic algorithms, L1-regularized regression (LASSO) and others. The software is free, open-source and available online: https://github.com/mtshn/chereshnya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Yu Sholokhova
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Prospect, GSP-1, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Dmitriy D Matyushin
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Prospect, GSP-1, Moscow 119071, Russia.
| | - Mikhail V Shashkov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, 5 Lavrentieva Prospect, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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2
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Gaida M, Stefanuto PH, Focant JF. Theoretical modeling and machine learning-based data processing workflows in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-A review. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1711:464467. [PMID: 37871505 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) has been gradually gaining prominence as a preferred method for the analysis of complex samples due to its higher peak capacity and resolution power compared to conventional gas chromatography (GC). Nonetheless, to fully benefit from the capabilities of GC × GC, a holistic approach to method development and data processing is essential for a successful and informative analysis. Method development enables the fine-tuning of the chromatographic separation, resulting in high-quality data. While generating such data is pivotal, it does not necessarily guarantee that meaningful information will be extracted from it. To this end, the first part of this manuscript reviews the importance of theoretical modeling in achieving good optimization of the separation conditions, ultimately improving the quality of the chromatographic separation. Multiple theoretical modeling approaches are discussed, with a special focus on thermodynamic-based modeling. The second part of this review highlights the importance of establishing robust data processing workflows, with a special emphasis on the use of advanced data processing tools such as, Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. Three widely used ML algorithms are discussed: Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Partial Least Square-Discriminate Analysis (PLS-DA), highlighting their role in discovery-based analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Gaida
- Organic and Biological Analytical Chemistry Group (OBiAChem), MolSys Research Unit, Liège University, Belgium
| | - Pierre-Hugues Stefanuto
- Organic and Biological Analytical Chemistry Group (OBiAChem), MolSys Research Unit, Liège University, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Focant
- Organic and Biological Analytical Chemistry Group (OBiAChem), MolSys Research Unit, Liège University, Belgium
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3
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Nolvachai Y, Amaral MSS, Marriott PJ. Foods and Contaminants Analysis Using Multidimensional Gas Chromatography: An Update of Recent Studies, Technology, and Applications. Anal Chem 2023; 95:238-263. [PMID: 36625115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yada Nolvachai
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Michelle S S Amaral
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Philip J Marriott
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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4
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Kakanopas P, Janta P, Vimolmangkang S, Hermatasia F, Kulsing C. Retention Index Based Approach for Simulation of Results and Application for Validation of Compound Identification in Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1679:463394. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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5
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Concepts, selectivity options and experimental design approaches in multidimensional and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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Mommers J, van der Wal S. Column Selection and Optimization for Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 51:183-202. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2019.1707643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Mommers
- DSM Material Science Center, Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd van der Wal
- Polymer-Analysis Group, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Amaral MSS, Nolvachai Y, Marriott PJ. Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography Advances in Technology and Applications: Biennial Update. Anal Chem 2019; 92:85-104. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S. S. Amaral
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Yada Nolvachai
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Philip J. Marriott
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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8
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Pojjanapornpun S, Kulsing C, Kakanopas P, Nolvachai Y, Aryusuk K, Krisnangkura K, Marriott PJ. Simulation of peak position and response profiles in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1607:460392. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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9
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Multidimensional gas chromatography investigation of concentration and temperature effects of oxime interconversion on ionic liquid and poly(ethylene glycol) stationary phases. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1081:200-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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10
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Siriviboon P, Tungkaburee C, Weerawongphrom N, Kulsing C. Direct equations to retention time calculation and fast simulation approach for simultaneous material selection and experimental design in comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1602:425-431. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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11
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Jiang M. Facile Approach for Calculation of Second Dimensional Retention Indices in Comprehensive Two Dimensional Gas Chromatography with Single Injection. Anal Chem 2019; 91:4085-4091. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
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12
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Shashkov MV, Sidelnikov VN. Orthogonality and Quality of GC × GC Separations for Complex Samples with Ionic Liquid Stationary Phases in First Dimension. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3672-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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Yan Y, Lu Y, Gao Y, Wang B, Zhao L, Liang H. Facile Preparation of Hydrophilic-Bifunctional-Groups Modified Magnetic Microspheres as a Novel Matrix for Detection of Phthalate Esters from Human Plasma Samples. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Yan
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang; 315211, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Lu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang; 315211, P. R. China
| | - Yiqian Gao
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang; 315211, P. R. China
| | - Baichun Wang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang; 315211, P. R. China
| | - Lingling Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang; 315211, P. R. China
| | - Hongze Liang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang; 315211, P. R. China
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14
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Nan H, Anderson JL. Ionic liquid stationary phases for multidimensional gas chromatography. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Jiang M, Kulsing C, Marriott PJ. Comprehensive 2D gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry with 2D retention indices for analysis of volatile compounds in frankincense (Boswellia papyrifera). Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:3185-3196. [PMID: 29582122 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Frankincense gum resin secreted from Boswellia papyrifera was analysed by comprehensive 2D gas chromatography hyphenated with accurate mass time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-accTOFMS). Direct multiple injection experiments with stepwise isothermal temperature programming were then performed to construct isovolatility curves for reference alkane series in GC×GC. This provides access to calculation of second dimensional retention indices (2I). More than 500 peaks were detected and 220 compounds mainly comprising monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes and oxygenated forms of these compounds were identified according to their 1I, 2I and accurate mass data. The study demonstrates the capability of GC×GC-accTOFMS with retention data on two separate column phases, as an approach for improved component identification. A greater number of identified and/or tentatively identified terpenoids in this traditional Chinese medicine allow for a more comprehensive coverage of the volatile composition of frankincense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Chadin Kulsing
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phyathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Philip J Marriott
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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16
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Ionic liquid capillary columns for analysis of multi-component volatiles by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: performance, selectivity, activity and retention indices. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 410:4615-4632. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0718-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Nolvachai Y, Kulsing C, Marriott PJ. Multidimensional gas chromatography in food analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Selectivity differences of coordination compound stationary phases for polyaromatic hydrocarbons and polar analytes in gas and liquid phases. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1500:167-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Sharif KM, Kulsing C, Marriott PJ. Pressure Tuning of First Dimension Columns in Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography. Anal Chem 2016; 88:9087-94. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khan M. Sharif
- Australian Centre for Research
on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington
Rd., Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Chadin Kulsing
- Australian Centre for Research
on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington
Rd., Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Philip J. Marriott
- Australian Centre for Research
on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington
Rd., Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
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20
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Sharif KM, Kulsing C, Chin ST, Marriott PJ. Relating pressure tuned coupled column ensembles with the solvation parameter model for tunable selectivity in gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1455:156-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Kulsing C, Nolvachai Y, Rawson P, Evans DJ, Marriott PJ. Continuum in MDGC Technology: From Classical Multidimensional to Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography. Anal Chem 2016; 88:3529-38. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chadin Kulsing
- Australian
Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Yada Nolvachai
- Australian
Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Paul Rawson
- Defence
Science
and Technology Group, 506 Lorimer Street, Fishermans Bend, Victoria 3207, Australia
| | - David J. Evans
- Defence
Science
and Technology Group, 506 Lorimer Street, Fishermans Bend, Victoria 3207, Australia
| | - Philip J. Marriott
- Australian
Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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22
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Nolvachai Y, Kulsing C, Marriott PJ. In Silico Modeling of Hundred Thousand Experiments for Effective Selection of Ionic Liquid Phase Combinations in Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography. Anal Chem 2016; 88:2125-31. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yada Nolvachai
- Australian Centre for Research
on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington
Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Chadin Kulsing
- Australian Centre for Research
on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington
Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Philip J. Marriott
- Australian Centre for Research
on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington
Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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23
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Jiang M, Kulsing C, Nolvachai Y, Marriott PJ. Two-Dimensional Retention Indices Improve Component Identification in Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography of Saffron. Anal Chem 2015; 87:5753-61. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Chadin Kulsing
- Australian
Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Yada Nolvachai
- Australian
Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Philip J. Marriott
- Australian
Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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24
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Nolvachai Y, Kulsing C, Marriott PJ. Thermally Sensitive Behavior Explanation for Unusual Orthogonality Observed in Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography Comprising a Single Ionic Liquid Stationary Phase. Anal Chem 2014; 87:538-44. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5030039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yada Nolvachai
- Australian
Centre for Research on Separation
Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington
Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Chadin Kulsing
- Australian
Centre for Research on Separation
Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington
Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Philip J. Marriott
- Australian
Centre for Research on Separation
Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington
Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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