1
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Singh A, Torres-Huerta A, Meyer F, Valkenier H. Anion transporters based on halogen, chalcogen, and pnictogen bonds: towards biological applications. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc04644g. [PMID: 39268212 PMCID: PMC11385378 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc04644g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Motivated by their potential biological applications, anion receptors are increasingly explored as transmembrane transporters for anions. The vast majority of the reported anion transporters rely on hydrogen bonding to interact with the anions. However, in recent decades, halogen, chalcogen, and pnictogen bonding, collectively referred to as sigma-hole interactions, have received increasing attention. Most research efforts on these interactions have focused on crystal engineering, anion sensing, and organocatalysis. In recent years, however, these sigma-hole interactions have also been explored more widely in synthetic anion transporters. This perspective shows why synthetic transporters are promising candidates for biological applications. We provide a comprehensive review of the compounds used to transport anions across membranes, with a particular focus on how the binding atoms and molecular design affect the anion transport activity and selectivity. Few cell studies have been reported for these transporters based on sigma-hole interactions and we highlight the critical need for further biological studies on the toxicity, stability, and deliverability of these compounds to explore their full potential in biological applications, such as the treatment of cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Singh
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Engineering of Molecular NanoSystems Avenue F. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Aaron Torres-Huerta
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Engineering of Molecular NanoSystems Avenue F. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Franck Meyer
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy Boulevard du Triomphe 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Hennie Valkenier
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Engineering of Molecular NanoSystems Avenue F. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64 1050 Brussels Belgium
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2
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Kumar S, Van Hecke K, Meyer F. Insight into Unusual Supramolecular Self-Assemblies of Terthiophenes Directed by Weak Hydrogen Bonding. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11127. [PMID: 37446308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A supramolecular self-assembly of semiconducting polymers and small molecules plays an important role in charge transportation, performance, and lifetime of an optoelectronic device. Tremendous efforts have been put into the strategies to self-organize these materials. In this regard, here, we present the self-organization of terthiophene and its methyl alcohol derivative with 4,4'-bipyridine (44BiPy). An unexpected 2D layered organization of 5,5″-dimethyl-2,2':5',2″-terthiophene (DM3T) and 44BiPy was obtained and analyzed. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that DM3T and 44BiPy consist of stacked, almost independent, infinite 2D layers while held together by weak hydrogen bonds. In addition to this peculiar supramolecular arrangement of these compounds, the investigation of their photophysical properties showed strong fluorescence quenching of DM3T by 44BiPy in the solid state, suggesting an efficient charge transfer. On the other hand, the methyl alcohol derivative of terthiophene, DM3TMeOH, organized in a closed cyclic motif with 44BiPy via hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Kumar
- Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry (MBMC) Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- XStruct, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Franck Meyer
- Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry (MBMC) Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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3
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Matsumoto S, Sumida R, Akazome M. Relationship between halogen-halogen interaction and electric conductivity in thiazolo[2,3-a]isoquinolin-7-ium triiodides. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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4
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Bedeković N, Piteša T, Eraković M, Stilinović V, Cinčić D. Anticooperativity of Multiple Halogen Bonds and Its Effect on Stoichiometry of Cocrystals of Perfluorinated Iodobenzenes. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2022; 22:2644-2653. [PMID: 35401054 PMCID: PMC8991082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.2c00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
To investigate influences on the topicity of perfluorinated halobenzenes as halogen bond (XB) donors in the solid state, we have conducted a database survey and prepared 18 novel cocrystals of potentially ditopic (13ditfb, 14ditfb) and tritopic (135titfb) XB donors with 15 monotopic pyridines. 135titfb shows high tendency to be mono- or ditopic, but with strong bases it can act as a tritopic XB donor. DFT calculations have shown that binding of a single acceptor molecule on one of the iodine atoms of the XB donor reduces the ESPmax on the remaining iodine atoms and dramatically decreases their potential for forming further halogen bonds, which explains both the high occurrence of crystal structures where the donors do not achieve their maximal topicity and the observed differences in halogen bond lengths. Despite the fact that this effect increases with the basicity of the acceptor, when the increase of halogen bond energy due to the basicity of the acceptor compensates its decrease due to the reduction of the acidity of the donor, it enables strong bases to form cocrystals in which a potentially polytopic XB donor achieves its maximal topicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Bedeković
- University
of Zagreb, Faculty of Science,
Department of Chemistry, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Piteša
- Ruđer
Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mihael Eraković
- Ruđer
Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Stilinović
- University
of Zagreb, Faculty of Science,
Department of Chemistry, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dominik Cinčić
- University
of Zagreb, Faculty of Science,
Department of Chemistry, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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5
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Frangville P, Kumar S, Gelbcke M, Van Hecke K, Meyer F. Stimuli Responsive Materials Supported by Orthogonal Hydrogen and Halogen Bonding or I···Alkene Interaction. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247586. [PMID: 34946668 PMCID: PMC8709106 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Smart materials represent an elegant class of (macro)-molecules endowed with the ability to react to chemical/physical changes in the environment. Herein, we prepared new photo responsive azobenzenes possessing halogen bond donor groups. The X-ray structures of two molecules highlight supramolecular organizations governed by unusual noncovalent bonds. In azo dye I-azo-NO2, the nitro group is engaged in orthogonal H···O···I halogen and hydrogen bonding, linking the units in parallel undulating chains. As far as compound I–azo–NH–MMA is concerned, a non-centrosymmetric pattern is formed due to a very rare I···π interaction involving the alkene group supplemented by hydrogen bonds. The Cambridge Structural Database contains only four structures showing the same I···CH2=C contact. For all compounds, an 19F-NMR spectroscopic analysis confirms the formation of halogen bonds in solution through a recognition process with chloride anion, and the reversible photo-responsiveness is demonstrated upon exposing a solution to UV light irradiation. Finally, the intermediate I–azo–NH2 also shows a pronounced color change due to pH variation. These azobenzenes are thereby attractive building blocks to design future multi-stimuli responsive materials for highly functional devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Frangville
- Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (P.F.); (S.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Shiv Kumar
- Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (P.F.); (S.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Michel Gelbcke
- Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (P.F.); (S.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- XStruct, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Franck Meyer
- Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (P.F.); (S.K.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-(0)2-650-51-96
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6
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Berger G, Frangville P, Meyer F. Halogen bonding for molecular recognition: new developments in materials and biological sciences. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:4970-4981. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00841a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights recent developments of halogen bonding in materials and biological sciences with a short discussion on the nature of the interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Berger
- Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
- Bruxelles
- Belgium
| | - Pierre Frangville
- Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
- Bruxelles
- Belgium
| | - Franck Meyer
- Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
- Bruxelles
- Belgium
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7
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Chi Z, Yan T, Li Q, Scheiner S. Violation of Electrostatic Rules: Shifting the Balance between Pnicogen Bonds and Lone Pair−π Interactions Tuned by Substituents. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:7288-7295. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b06864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zongqing Chi
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Yan
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingzhong Li
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
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8
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Lin J, Chen Y, Zhao D, Lu X, Lin Y. Versatile supramolecular binding modes of 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene for molecular cocrystal engineering. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
The intrinsic bonding nature of λ 3 -iodanes was investigated to determine where its hypervalent bonds fit along the spectrum between halogen bonding and covalent bonding. Density functional theory with an augmented Dunning valence triple zeta basis set ( ω B97X-D/aug-cc-pVTZ) coupled with vibrational spectroscopy was utilized to study a diverse set of 34 hypervalent iodine compounds. This level of theory was rationalized by comparing computational and experimental data for a small set of closely-related and well-studied iodine molecules and by a comparison with CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ results for a subset of the investigated iodine compounds. Axial bonds in λ 3 -iodanes fit between the three-center four-electron bond, as observed for the trihalide species IF 2 − and the covalent FI molecule. The equatorial bonds in λ 3 -iodanes are of a covalent nature. We explored how the equatorial ligand and axial substituents affect the chemical properties of λ 3 -iodanes by analyzing natural bond orbital charges, local vibrational modes, the covalent/electrostatic character, and the three-center four-electron bonding character. In summary, our results show for the first time that there is a smooth transition between halogen bonding → 3c–4e bonding in trihalides → 3c–4e bonding in hypervalent iodine compounds → covalent bonding, opening a manifold of new avenues for the design of hypervalent iodine compounds with specific properties.
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10
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August Ridenour J, Carter KP, Cahill CL. RE-p-halobenzoic acid–terpyridine complexes, part III: structural and supramolecular trends in a series of p-iodobenzoic acid rare-earth hybrid materials. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce02356h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Litvinov IA, Voronina YK, Galyametdinova IV, Shashin MS, Semenov VE, Reznik VS. Molecular and crystal structure of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,2-dihydro-3,4,6-trimethyl-2-oxopyrimidinium iodide: the N-alkylation product of xymedone. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476616030185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Bhattacharjee S, Bhattacharya S. Remarkable Role of C-I···N Halogen Bonding in Thixotropic 'Halo'gel Formation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:4270-4277. [PMID: 26422750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Halogen-bonding-induced self-assembly in the solution of equimolar mixtures of certain pyridyl-ended oligo p-phenylenevinylene (OPV)-derivatives with 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene is reported. The mode of self-assembly, that is, cocrystallization, thixotropic gelation, or precipitation, depends strongly on the nature of chains (n-alkyl chains as a function of length or short oxyethylene chain) appended to the OPV-backbone as well as on the cooling rate of the corresponding hot solution. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies of the cocrystals reveal the "infinite" chain formation via C-I···N halogen-bonding interactions between the two components. In addition, multiple noncovalent interactions induce cross-links among these halogen-bonded "infinite" chains. Interestingly, the molecular packing in the "Cogel" bearing OPV-derivative with oxyethylene chains is found to be very similar to that of the cocrystal of the same.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Santanu Bhattacharya
- Director's Research Unit, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
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13
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Geboes Y, De Proft F, Herrebout WA. Lone pair···π interactions involving an aromatic π-system: Complexes of hexafluorobenzene with dimethyl ether and trimethylamine. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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14
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Berger G, Robeyns K, Soubhye J, Wintjens R, Meyer F. Halogen bonding in a multi-connected 1,2,2-triiodo-alkene involving geminal and/or vicinal iodines: a crystallographic and DFT study. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce02230d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Four halogen-bonded organizations of a 1,2,2-triiodo-alkene involving geminal and/or vicinal iodine atoms were studied both by X-ray diffraction and density functional theory (DFT).
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Berger
- Chimie Pharmaceutique Organique
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
- 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
- Department of Chemistry
| | - K. Robeyns
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN)
- Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL)
- 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - J. Soubhye
- Chimie Pharmaceutique Organique
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
- 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - R. Wintjens
- Laboratory of Biopolymers and Supramolecular Nanomaterials
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
- 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - F. Meyer
- Laboratory of Biopolymers and Supramolecular Nanomaterials
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
- 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
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15
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Geboes Y, De Proft F, Herrebout WA. Expanding Lone Pair···π Interactions to Nonaromatic Systems and Nitrogen Bases: Complexes of C2F3X (X = F, Cl, Br, I) and TMA-d 9. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:5597-606. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b02283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Geboes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Antwerp
, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020
Antwerp, Belgium
- Eenheid
Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Member of the QCMM VUB-UGent Alliance Research
Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
, Pleinlaan 2, 1050
Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frank De Proft
- Eenheid
Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Member of the QCMM VUB-UGent Alliance Research
Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
, Pleinlaan 2, 1050
Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wouter A. Herrebout
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Antwerp
, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020
Antwerp, Belgium
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Rosokha SV, Loboda EA. Interplay of Halogen and π–π Charge-Transfer Bondings in Intermolecular Associates of Bromo- or Iododinitrobenzene with Tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:3833-42. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b01600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergiy V. Rosokha
- Department
of Biological,
Chemical and Physical Sciences, Roosevelt University, Chicago, Illinois 60605, United States
| | - Eric A. Loboda
- Department
of Biological,
Chemical and Physical Sciences, Roosevelt University, Chicago, Illinois 60605, United States
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17
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Berger G, Soubhye J, Meyer F. Halogen bonding in polymer science: from crystal engineering to functional supramolecular polymers and materials. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00354g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The applications of halogen bonding in surface functionalization, soft, luminescent and magnetic materials, interpenetrated networks, synthetic methods, and separation and inclusion techniques are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Berger
- Chimie Pharmaceutique Organique
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
- 1050 Bruxelles
- Belgium
| | - Jalal Soubhye
- Chimie Pharmaceutique Organique
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
- 1050 Bruxelles
- Belgium
| | - Franck Meyer
- Laboratory of Biopolymers and Supramolecular Nanomaterials
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
- Campus de la Plaine
- 1050 Bruxelles
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18
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Montoro T, Tardajos G, Guerrero A, Torres MDR, Salgado C, Fernández I, Osío Barcina J. σ-Hole⋯π and lone pair⋯π interactions in benzylic halides. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:6194-202. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00366k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Depending on the relative orientation of the halogen atom and the phenyl ring, the benzylic halides studied show “classical” halogen⋯π bonds as well as intramolecular interactions without σ-hole participation based on n → π* (LP⋯π) interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gloria Tardajos
- Departamento de Química Física
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- 28040 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Andrés Guerrero
- Departamento de Química Física
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- 28040 Madrid
- Spain
| | - María del Rosario Torres
- Laboratorio de difracción de Rayos X
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- 28040 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Cástor Salgado
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- 28040 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- 28040 Madrid
- Spain
| | - José Osío Barcina
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- 28040 Madrid
- Spain
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19
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Synthesis of α-CF3 azanorbornene and azetidines by aza Diels–Alder or iodine-mediated cyclizations: application in ROMP and ligand design. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.09.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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