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Control Aggregation of P3HT in Solution for High Efficiency Doping: Ensuring Structural Order and the Distribution of Dopants. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-023-2939-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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2
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Chattopadhyay S, Munya V, Kumar R, Pal D, Bandyopadhyay S, Ghosh A, Yogi P, Koch J, Pfnür H. F4-TCNQ on Epitaxial Bi-Layer Graphene: Concentration- and Orientation-Dependent Charge Transfer at the Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:16067-16072. [PMID: 36512752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bi-layer epitaxial graphene (BLG) on 6H-SiC(0001) (EG/SiC) was grown and modified by thermal deposition of the molecular electron acceptor tetrafluoro-tetra cyano quinodimethane (F4-TCNQ). The surface-modified system, F4-TCNQ/EG/SiC, was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and angle-resolved polarized Raman spectroscopy (ARPRS). XPS results indicate that bonding of deposited F4-TCNQ molecules depends on their concentration. Although bonding through the cyano groups is present at all concentrations, charge transfer from graphene to fluorine is evident only at sub-monolayer concentrations. The corresponding change in bond character is coupled with a change in molecular orientation. Raman spectroscopy not only provides results consistent with the findings from the XPS study but also reveals a significant degree of molecular stacking above the monolayer concentration. Thus, both the variation of the acceptor concentration and the number of graphene layers provide further handles to manipulate charge and doping that may be useful in device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vikas Munya
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore453552, India
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore453552, India
| | - Dipayan Pal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore453552, India
| | - Sucheta Bandyopadhyay
- Indian Statistical Institute (Laboratory for Cognitive Systems and Cybernetics Research, Center for Soft Computing Research)Kolkata700108, India
| | - Arpan Ghosh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore453552, India
| | - Priyanka Yogi
- Department ATMOS, Institute for Solid State Physics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167Hannover, Germany
| | - Julian Koch
- Department ATMOS, Institute for Solid State Physics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167Hannover, Germany
| | - Herbert Pfnür
- Department ATMOS, Institute for Solid State Physics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167Hannover, Germany
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3
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Watts KE, Neelamraju B, Moser M, McCulloch I, Ratcliff EL, Pemberton JE. Thermally Induced Formation of HF 4TCNQ - in F 4TCNQ-Doped Regioregular P3HT. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:6586-6592. [PMID: 32701299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The prototypical system for understanding doping in solution-processed organic electronics has been poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) p-doped with 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ). Multiple charge-transfer states, defined by the fraction of electron transfer to F4TCNQ, are known to coexist and are dependent on polymer molecular weight, crystallinity, and processing. Less well-understood is the loss of conductivity after thermal annealing of these materials. Specifically, in thermoelectrics, F4TCNQ-doped regioregular (rr) P3HT exhibits significant conductivity losses at temperatures lower than other thiophene-based polymers. Through detailed spectroscopic investigation of progressively heated P3HT films coprocessed with F4TCNQ, we demonstrate that this diminished conductivity is due to formation of the nonchromophoric, weak dopant HF4TCNQ-. This species is likely formed through hydrogen abstraction from the α aliphatic carbon of the hexyl chain at the 3-position of thiophene rings of rr-P3HT. This reaction is eliminated for polymers with ethylene glycol-containing side chains, which retain conductivity at higher operating temperatures. In total, these results provide a critical materials design guideline for organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maximilian Moser
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- KSC, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Watts KE, Clary KE, Lichtenberger DL, Pemberton JE. FTIR Spectroelectrochemistry of F4TCNQ Reduction Products and Their Protonated Forms. Anal Chem 2020; 92:7154-7161. [PMID: 32357003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The tetrafluorinated derivative of 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ), is of interest for charge transfer complex formation and as a p-dopant in organic electronic materials. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is commonly employed to understand the redox properties of F4TCNQ in the matrix of interest; specifically, the ν(C≡N) region of the F4TCNQ spectrum is exquisitely sensitive to the nature of the charge transfer between F4TCNQ and its matrix. However, little work has been done to understand how these vibrational modes change in the presence of possible acid/base chemistry. Here, FTIR spectroelectrochemistry is coupled with density functional theory spectral simulation for study of the electrochemically generated F4TCNQ radical anion and dianion species and their protonation products with acids. Vibrational modes of HF4TCNQ-, formed by proton-coupled electron transfer, are identified, and we demonstrate that this species is readily formed by strong acids, such as trifluoroacetic acid, and to a lesser extent, by weak acids, such as water. The implications of this chemistry for use of F4TCNQ as a p-dopant in organic electronic materials is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen E Watts
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Kayla E Clary
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Dennis L Lichtenberger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jeanne E Pemberton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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5
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Vo NT, Bond AM, Martin LL. Systematic and non-systematic substituent effects gleaned from studies on CuTCNQFn (n = 0, 1, 2, 4): Electrocrystallisation and characterisation of CuTCNQF. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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Liu EC, Topczewski JJ. Gram-Scale Synthesis of 2,5-Difluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F 2-TCNQ). J Org Chem 2020; 85:4560-4564. [PMID: 32118430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The molecule 2,5-difluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F2-TCNQ) is an organic semiconductor with many promising properties, including high charge mobility (μ). However, an efficient gram-scale synthesis of F2-TCNQ has not been fully documented. Herein, we report a synthesis of F2-TCNQ via a three-step sequence that affords F2-TCNQ in 58% cumulative yield. This synthesis was used to prepare more than 1 g of F2-TCNQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Chih Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Joseph J Topczewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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7
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Vo NT, Bond AM, Martin LL. Electrochemically Directed Synthesis of Cobalt(II) and Nickel(II) TCNQF21–/2– Coordination Polymers: Solubility and Substituent Effects in the TCNQFn (n=0, 1, 2, 4) Series of Complexes. Aust J Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/ch20187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The reversible diffusion controlled cyclic voltammetry for the reduction of TCNQFn0/1–/2– (where n=0, 1, 2, 4) changes significantly on addition of Co2+ and Ni2+ transition metal ions (M2+) because the kinetics associated with electrocrystallisation of the resulting coordination polymers [M(TCNQF2)2(H2O)2] and [M(TCNQF2)] are rapid on the voltammetric time scale. The voltammetry of solutions containing M2+ and TCNQF2 was undertaken in acetonitrile (0.1M Bu4NPF6) at both GC and ITO electrodes. New one electron reduced TCNQF2 materials prepared via electrochemically directed synthesis were shown to have the formula [M(TCNQF2)2(H2O)2], assessed by vibrational (IR and Raman) spectroscopy, elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. The solubility of [Ni(TCNQF2)2(H2O)2] (Ksp=8.29×10−11 M3) was significantly higher than the [Co(TCNQF2)2(H2O)2] (Ksp=1.43×10−11M3). Cyclic voltammetric data suggest the electrocrystallisation of two phases of [Ni(TCNQF2)2(H2O)2] occurs, which is not evident for [Co(TCNQF2)2(H2O)2]. Electrocrystallisation of the highly insoluble [M(TCNQF2)] was achieved at low M2+ and TCNQF2 concentrations. A comparison with published data on the voltammetry of TCNQFn (n=0, 1, 2 and 4) for the series of TCNQFn (n=0, 1, 2 and 4) containing M2+ is provided. An assessment of the electronic impact of the fluorine substituent of the underlying redox reactions also is established. Predictions are made for the voltammetric behaviour expected for the other transition metal cations with reduced TCNQFn derivatives.
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8
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Tran MD, Lu J, Mai BV, Vo NT, Le HT, Bond AM, Martin LL. Electrochemical and Chemical Synthesis of [ZnTCNQF
4
(DMF)
2
]
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2DMF – A 2D Network Coordination Polymer. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manh D. Tran
- School of Chemistry Monash University 3800 Clayton, V IC Australia
- Department of Chemistry The University of Danang University of Science and Education Danang Vietnam
| | - Jinzhen Lu
- School of Chemistry Monash University 3800 Clayton, V IC Australia
| | - Bay V. Mai
- Department of Chemistry The University of Danang University of Science and Education Danang Vietnam
| | - Nguyen T. Vo
- School of Chemistry Monash University 3800 Clayton, V IC Australia
- Department of Chemistry The University of Danang University of Science and Education Danang Vietnam
| | - Hai T. Le
- Department of Chemistry The University of Danang University of Science and Education Danang Vietnam
| | - Alan M. Bond
- School of Chemistry Monash University 3800 Clayton, V IC Australia
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9
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Kiefer D, Kroon R, Hofmann AI, Sun H, Liu X, Giovannitti A, Stegerer D, Cano A, Hynynen J, Yu L, Zhang Y, Nai D, Harrelson TF, Sommer M, Moulé AJ, Kemerink M, Marder SR, McCulloch I, Fahlman M, Fabiano S, Müller C. Double doping of conjugated polymers with monomer molecular dopants. NATURE MATERIALS 2019; 18:149-155. [PMID: 30643236 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-018-0263-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Molecular doping is a crucial tool for controlling the charge-carrier concentration in organic semiconductors. Each dopant molecule is commonly thought to give rise to only one polaron, leading to a maximum of one donor:acceptor charge-transfer complex and hence an ionization efficiency of 100%. However, this theoretical limit is rarely achieved because of incomplete charge transfer and the presence of unreacted dopant. Here, we establish that common p-dopants can in fact accept two electrons per molecule from conjugated polymers with a low ionization energy. Each dopant molecule participates in two charge-transfer events, leading to the formation of dopant dianions and an ionization efficiency of up to 200%. Furthermore, we show that the resulting integer charge-transfer complex can dissociate with an efficiency of up to 170%. The concept of double doping introduced here may allow the dopant fraction required to optimize charge conduction to be halved.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kiefer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Renee Kroon
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Anna I Hofmann
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Hengda Sun
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Xianjie Liu
- Division of Surface Physics and Chemistry, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Alexander Giovannitti
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Dominik Stegerer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
- Institute of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Alexander Cano
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jonna Hynynen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Liyang Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Yadong Zhang
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dingqi Nai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Thomas F Harrelson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Michael Sommer
- Institute of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Adam J Moulé
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Martijn Kemerink
- Complex Materials and Devices, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Seth R Marder
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- KSC, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mats Fahlman
- Division of Surface Physics and Chemistry, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Simone Fabiano
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Christian Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.
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10
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Vo NT, Martin LL, Bond AM. A Systematic (Spectro‐) Electrochemical Approach to the Synthesis and Characterisation of Co(II) and Ni(II) Compounds Containing Reduced Forms of TCNQF. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201800678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen T. Vo
- School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia
- Current Address: Department of Chemistry The University of Danang, University of Science and Education 459 Ton Duc Thang Danang Vietnam
| | | | - Alan M. Bond
- School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia
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11
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Gass IA, Lu J, Ojha R, Asadi M, Lupton DW, Geoghegan BL, Moubaraki B, Martin LL, Bond AM, Murray KS. [FeII(L•)2][TCNQF4•−]2: A Redox-Active Double Radical Salt. Aust J Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/ch19175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of [FeII(L•)2][BF4]2 with LiTCNQF4 results in the formation of [FeII(L•)2][TCNQF4•−]2·2CH3CN (1) (L• is the neutral aminoxyl radical ligand 4,4-dimethyl-2,2-di(2-pyridyl)oxazolidine-N-oxide; TCNQF4 is 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction; Raman, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopies; and electrochemical studies are all consistent with the presence of a low-spin FeII ion, the neutral radical form (L•) of the ligand, and the radical anion TCNQF4•−. 1 is largely diamagnetic and the electrochemistry shows five well-resolved, diffusion-controlled, reversible one-electron processes.
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12
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Vo NT, Martin LL, Bond AM. Electrochemistry of TCNQF2 in acetonitrile in the presence of [Cu(CH3CN)4]+: Electrocrystallisation and characterisation of CuTCNQF2. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Gass IA, Lu J, Asadi M, Lupton DW, Forsyth CM, Geoghegan BL, Moubaraki B, Cashion JD, Martin LL, Bond AM, Murray KS. Use of the TCNQF 4 2- Dianion in the Spontaneous Redox Formation of [Fe III (L - ) 2 ][TCNQF 4 ⋅- ]. Chempluschem 2018; 83:658-668. [PMID: 31950640 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of [FeII (L. )2 ](BF4 )2 with Li2 TCNQF4 results in the formation of [FeIII (L- )2 ][TCNQF4 . - ] (1) where L. is the radical ligand, 4,4-dimethyl-2,2-di(2-pyridyl)oxazolidine-N-oxide and TCNQF4 is 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane. This has been characterised by X-ray diffraction, Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility, Mössbauer spectroscopy and electrochemistry. X-ray diffraction studies, magnetic susceptibility measurements and Raman and FTIR spectroscopy suggest the presence of low-spin FeIII ions, the anionic form (L- ) of the ligand and the anionic radical form of TCNQF4 ; viz. TCNQF4 . - . Li2 TCNQF4 reduces the [FeII (L. )2 ]2+ dication, which undergoes a reductively induced oxidation to form the [FeIII (L- )2 ]+ monocation resulting in the formation of [FeIII (L- )2 ][TCNQF4 . - ] (1), the electrochemistry of which revealed four well-separated, diffusion-controlled, one-electron, reversible processes. Mössbauer spectroscopy and electrochemical measurements suggest the presence of a minor second species, likely to be [FeII (L. )2 ][TCNQF4 2- ].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Gass
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jinzhen Lu
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Mousa Asadi
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - David W Lupton
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Craig M Forsyth
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Blaise L Geoghegan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
| | | | - John D Cashion
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Lisandra L Martin
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Alan M Bond
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Keith S Murray
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
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14
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Vo N, Haworth NL, Bond AM, Martin LL. Investigation of the Redox and Acid‐Base properties of TCNQF and TCNQF
2
: Electrochemistry, Vibrational Spectroscopy, and Substituent Effects. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201701387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Vo
- School of Chemistry Monash University, Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia
- Danang University of Education Danang Vietnam
| | - Naomi L. Haworth
- School of Chemistry Monash University, Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia
- School of Chemistry University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Alan M. Bond
- School of Chemistry Monash University, Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia
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15
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Lu J, Abrahams BF, Elliott RW, Robson R, Bond AM, Martin LL. Solvent-, Cation- and Anion-Induced Structure Variations in Manganese-Based TCNQF 4 Complexes: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, Electrochemistry and Their Catalytic Properties. Chempluschem 2018; 83:24-34. [PMID: 31957312 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201700421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of Mn(BF4 )2 ⋅x H2 O with (Pr4 N)2 TCNQF4 (TCNQF4 =2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane) in a mixture of CH3 OH/CH2 Cl2 gives a 2:3 stoichiometric complex of (Pr4 N)2 [Mn2 (TCNQF4 )3 (CH3 OH)2 ] (1). If the solvent system used for the crystallisation of 1 is changed to CH3 OH/DMF, then a different product, [Mn(TCNQF4 )(DMF)2 ]⋅(CH3 OH)2 (2), is obtained. The use of Li2 TCNQF4 instead of (Pr4 N)2 TCNQF4 leads to the generation of [Mn2 (TCNQF4 )2 (DMF)4 ]⋅3 DMF (3). An unexpected mixed oxidation state network with a composition of [MnII 4 MnIII 16 O10 (OH)6 (OCH3 )24 (TCNQF4 )2 ](NO3 )2 ⋅24 CH3 OH (4), is formed if Mn(NO3 )2 ⋅x H2 O is used in place of Mn(BF4 )2 ⋅x H2 O in the reaction that leads to the formation of 3. Compounds 1-3 have been characterised by X-ray crystallography; FTIR, Raman and UV/Vis spectroscopy; and electrochemistry. Compound 4 has only been analysed by X-ray crystallography and vibrational spectroscopy (Raman, FTIR), owing to rapid deterioration of the compound upon exposure to air. These results indicate that relatively minor changes in reaction conditions have the potential to yield products with vastly different structures. Compound 1 adopts an anionic 2D network with unusual π-stacked dimers of the TCNQF4 2- dianion, whereas 2 and 3 are composed of similar neutral sheets of [Mn(TCNQF4 )(DMF)2 ]. Interestingly, the solvent has a significant influence on the stacking of the sheets in the structures of 2 and 3. In compound 4, clusters with a composition of [MnII 4 MnIII 16 O10 (OH)6 (OCH3 )24 (CH3 OH)4 ]6+ serve as eight-connecting nodes, whereas TCNQF4 2- ligands act as four-connecting nodes in a 3D network that has the same topology as fluorite. Compound 3 exhibits an exceptionally high super-catalytic activity for the electron-transfer reaction between ferricyanide and thiosulfate ions in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhen Lu
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Brendan F Abrahams
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Robert W Elliott
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Richard Robson
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Alan M Bond
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Lisandra L Martin
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
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16
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In die Academia Europaea gewählt: F. Lloret und P. Samorì / EuCheMS-Vortrag: C. Moberg und G. Férey / Preis für Verdienste um die EuCheMS: L. A. Oro / Preise der International Society of Electrochemistry: A. M. Bond, J. Rusling, M. Osawa, Y.-G. Guo, F. La. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Elected to the Academy of Europe: F. Lloret and P. Samorì / EuCheMS Lecture: C. Moberg and G. Férey / EuCheMS Award for Service: L. A. Oro / International Society of Electrochemistry Prizes: A. M. Bond, J. Rusling, M. Osawa, Y.-G. Guo, F. La Mantia, and Y. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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