1
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Koga A, Kawaguchi K, Maida MC, Kubo Y. A Ratiometric Afterglow Response of Aluminium Ions in Methanol-Water. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200402. [PMID: 35695301 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An afterglow is beneficial as an emission signal in the field of displays and imaging probes. Here, boronic acid-appended and spirolactam ring-containing rhodamine dye 1 was synthesized and grafted onto the surface of room-temperature phosphorescence-active boronate nanoparticles (BPs), composed of polymeric 3-benzo-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-diboraspiro[5.5]undecane. The resultant ensemble, 1@BP, exhibited a greenish afterglow. However, the addition of Al3+ into the dispersion solution with 1@BP led to a change in the afterglow to grass green as a result of Förster-type energy transfer from the phosphorescent BP to the Al3+ -interacting rhodamine dye 1 on the surface. Based on the ratio of the two emission intensities, a linear response in the concentration range of 3.8-15.2 μM was observed, with a detection limit of 4.2 μM for Al3+ . A metal ion-dependent discernable color in afterglow was observed on a 1@BP-coated filter paper, which would be useful for not only film-based afterglow chemosensors but also encryption application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Koga
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Kaede Kawaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Margarita Claudya Maida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yuji Kubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
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2
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Kanakubo M, Yamamoto Y, Kubo Y. Room-Temperature Phosphorescence of Thiophene Boronate Ester-Cross Linked Polyvinyl Alcohol; A Triplet-to-Singlet FRET-Induced Multi-Color Afterglow Luminescence with Sulforhodamine B. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Kanakubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yuji Kubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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3
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Ryabchenko OB, Kuarton LA, Svistunova IV. New evidence on non-covalent interactions in crystalline halo-substituted boron difluoride acetylacetonates from vibrational spectra, model calculations and visualization program tools. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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4
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Ito S, Gon M, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Recent developments in stimuli-responsive luminescent polymers composed of boron compounds. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01170g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent developments in stimuli-responsive luminescent polymers with boron chromophores, including three- and four-coordinated compounds. Sensing mechanisms based on the features of boron and polymer structures are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichiro Ito
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masayuki Gon
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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5
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Sakura Y, Yumioka F, Funaki T, Ono K. Synthesis and Photovoltaic Properties of Boron β-Ketoiminate Dyes Forming a Linear Donor-π-Acceptor Structure. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:1982-1989. [PMID: 32394647 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Organoboron complexes are of interest as chromophores for dye sensitizers owing to their light-harvesting and carrier-transporting properties. In this study, compounds containing boron β-ketoiminate (BKI) as a chromophore were synthesized and used as dye sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells. The new dyes were orange or red crystals and showed maximum absorptions in the 410-450 nm wavelength region on titanium dioxide substrates. These electrodes exhibited maximum efficiencies of over 80% in incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency spectra, suggesting that the continuous process of light absorption-excitation-electron injection was effectively performed. Open-circuit photovoltages were relatively high owing to the large dipole moments of the BKI dyes with a linear molecular structure. Thus, a maximum power conversion efficiency of 5.3% was successfully observed. Comparison of BKI dyes with boron β-diketonate dyes revealed certain differences in solution stability, spectral properties, and photovoltaic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sakura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Fumina Yumioka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Funaki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Higashi, Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ono
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
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6
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7
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Zheng S, Hu T, Bin X, Wang Y, Yi Y, Zhang Y, Yuan WZ. Clustering‐Triggered Efficient Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence from Nonconventional Luminophores. Chemphyschem 2019; 21:36-42. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201901024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang District Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Taiping Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Beijing 100190 China
| | - Xin Bin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang District Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Yunzhong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang District Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yongming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang District Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Wang Zhang Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang District Shanghai 200240 China
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8
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Gelfand N, Freidzon A, Vovna V. Theoretical insights into UV-Vis absorption spectra of difluoroboron β-diketonates with an extended π system: An analysis based on DFT and TD-DFT calculations. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 216:161-172. [PMID: 30897377 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The UV-Vis absorption spectra of difluoroboron β-diketonates with aromatic substituents at the β-carbon are studied thoroughly using DFT and TD-DFT with the CAM-B3LYP functional. The complicated experimental spectra of these dyes can be correctly interpreted by considering their structural features. A closer look at the calculated data shows that the conformational flexibility of these compounds markedly influences their spectral shape. For the complexes with an extended π system, several conformers with significantly different absorption spectra are present in the equilibrium mixture in solution. Introducing a donor group alters the electronic structure of the complexes, so the charge distribution asymmetry in the molecules increases and the nature of the electronic transitions changes. Thus, both types of substituents, aromatic and donor ones, affect the spectral shape. Understanding their roles may help one to explain the absorption spectra of these and similar compounds and predict their response to analytes and other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gelfand
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, ul. Sukhanova 8, Vladivostok 690091, Russia.
| | - Alexandra Freidzon
- Photochemistry Center of Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Novatorov 7a, Moscow 119421, Russia; National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoye shosse 31, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - Vitaliy Vovna
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, ul. Sukhanova 8, Vladivostok 690091, Russia
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9
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Moriya K, Shimada R, Ono K. Difluoroboron Chelation to Quinacridonequinone: A Synthetic Method for Air-Sensitive 6,13-Dihydroxyquinacridone via Boron Complexes. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1452-1456. [PMID: 30895741 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to perform the chelation of difluoroboron (BF2 ) to quinacridonequinone (QQ). The resulting dark green solid was determined to be QA-BF2 , which is a BF2 complex of 6,13-dihydroxyquinacridone (QA-OH), and not QQ-BF2 , which is a BF2 complex of QQ. This result indicated that QQ-BF2 was first generated as an O,O-bidentate chelate, which immediately underwent a two-electron reduction to produce QA-BF2 . This compound was converted to air-sensitive QA-OH by undergoing hydrolysis in argon. Since QA-OH has a strong electron-donating property, it easily produced QQ via air oxidation in the solution. QA-OH also acts as a reducing reagent for quinones. The crystal packing of QA-OH is a herringbone type with short π⋅⋅⋅π contacts, and a good hole mobility has been suggested by theoretical calculations. Herein, a new synthetic method from QQ to QA-OH using BF2 chelation and hydrolysis was proposed. QA-BF2 and QA-OH are useful organic functional pigments and reducing reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Moriya
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Ryohei Shimada
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ono
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
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10
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Gelfand NA, Fedorenko EV, Mirochnik AG, Vovna VI. Interaction of hydroxy substituted dibenzoylmethanatoboron difluoride with hydrated ammonia in solution: A combined spectroscopic and computational study. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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11
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Zhuang M, Perkins A, DeRosa CA, Butler T, Demas JN, Fraser CL. Meta
-Dimethoxy-Substituted Difluoroboron Dibenzoylmethane Poly(Lactic Acid) Nanoparticles for Luminescence Anisotropy. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201800240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry; University of Virginia; Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Anna Perkins
- Department of Chemistry; University of Virginia; Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | | | - Tristan Butler
- Department of Chemistry; University of Virginia; Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - James N. Demas
- Department of Chemistry; University of Virginia; Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Cassandra L. Fraser
- Department of Chemistry; University of Virginia; Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
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12
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DeRosa CA, Daly ML, Kerr C, Fraser CL. Methoxy‐Substituted Difluoroboron Benzoylacetonate Complexes with Color‐Tunable Phosphorescence. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201800156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Margaret L. Daly
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA
| | - Caroline Kerr
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA
| | - Cassandra L. Fraser
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA
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13
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Jiang X, Yue S, Jia L, Li S, Li C, Li Q, Xiao L. NIR Fluorescent AzaBODIPY‐Based Probe for the Specific Detection of L–Lysine. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin‐Dong Jiang
- College of Applied ChemistryShenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142 (P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsDalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024 (P. R. China
| | - Shuai Yue
- College of Applied ChemistryShenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142 (P.R. China
| | - Lei Jia
- College of Applied ChemistryShenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142 (P.R. China
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Applied ChemistryShenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142 (P.R. China
| | - Congling Li
- College of Applied ChemistryShenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142 (P.R. China
| | - Qian Li
- Medical SchoolHenan University, Kaifeng 475004 (P. R. China
| | - Linjiu Xiao
- College of Applied ChemistryShenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142 (P.R. China
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14
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Wang Z, Zhou Y, Zhang JX, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Lin Z. DFT Studies on the Reactions of Boroles with Alkynes. Chemistry 2018; 24:9612-9621. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Jing-Xuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong P.R. China
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15
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Nishino K, Uemura K, Tanaka K, Morisaki Y, Chujo Y. Modulation of the cis
- and trans
-Conformations in Bis-o
-carborane Substituted Benzodithiophenes and Emission Enhancement Effect on Luminescent Efficiency by Solidification. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Nishino
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Katsura, Nishikyo-ku 8510 Kyoto 615- Japan
| | - Kyoya Uemura
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Katsura, Nishikyo-ku 8510 Kyoto 615- Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Katsura, Nishikyo-ku 8510 Kyoto 615- Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Morisaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Katsura, Nishikyo-ku 8510 Kyoto 615- Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Katsura, Nishikyo-ku 8510 Kyoto 615- Japan
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16
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Liu T, Zhang G, Evans RE, Trindle CO, Altun Z, DeRosa CA, Wang F, Zhuang M, Fraser CL. Phosphorescence Tuning through Heavy Atom Placement in Unsymmetrical Difluoroboron β‐Diketonate Materials. Chemistry 2018; 24:1859-1869. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiandong Liu
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia McCormick Road Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia McCormick Road Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Hefei, Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Ruffin E. Evans
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia McCormick Road Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
- Department of Physics Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Carl O. Trindle
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia McCormick Road Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Zikri Altun
- Department of Physics Marmara University Göztepe Kampus Istanbul 34772 Turkey
| | - Christopher A. DeRosa
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia McCormick Road Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia McCormick Road Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Meng Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia McCormick Road Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Cassandra L. Fraser
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia McCormick Road Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
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17
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18
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Daly ML, Kerr C, DeRosa CA, Fraser CL. Meta-Alkoxy-Substituted Difluoroboron Dibenzoylmethane Complexes as Environment-Sensitive Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:32008-32017. [PMID: 28876889 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b06910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The optical properties of meta-alkoxy-substituted difluoroboron dibenzoylmethane dyes were investigated in solution and in the solid state. Meta-alkoxy substitution induced strong intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) from the oxygen-donating substituent to the halide and boron acceptors in the excited state, as compared to the π-π* transition that is observed with para-alkoxy substitution. The optical properties of para- and meta-substituted alkoxy boron dyes were evaluated by calculations, in dilute solution, and in solid-state films. When embedded in amorphous matrixes (e.g., PLA, PMMA, PS, cholesterol), all dyes showed fluorescence (F) and phosphorescence (P) emission. In this report, we show that meta-substitution resulted in enhanced solvatochromism and an increased phosphorescence-to-fluorescence ratio in solid-state films compared to analogous para-substituted samples. With enhanced phosphorescence intensity via the heavy-atom effect, iodo-substituted dyes were further studied in PLA-PEG nanoparticles. Oxygen calibrations revealed stronger phosphorescence and a greater oxygen-sensing range for the meta- versus para-alkoxy-substituted dyes, features that are important for oxygen-sensing materials design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret L Daly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Caroline Kerr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Christopher A DeRosa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Cassandra L Fraser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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