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Li ZY, Zhu JH, Xu YZ, Zhao J, Liu YS, Wang LL, Sun SY, Ji SL. Facile preparation of covalent-organic framework composites for magnetic solid-phase extraction of naphthaleneacetic acid in food prior to HPLC-UV analysis. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1731:465180. [PMID: 39053255 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Novel magnetic covalent organic frameworks (COFs) were prepared by one-pot synthetic strategy and employed as an efficient adsorbent for magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) in food samples. Depending on the predesigned the hydrogen bonding, π-π and hydrophobic interactions of magnetic COFs, the efficient and selective extraction process for NAA was achieved within 15 min. The magnetic COFs adsorbent combined with HPLC-UV was devoted to develop a novel quantitative method for NAA in complex food. The method afforded good coefficient in range of 0.002-10.0 µg mL-1 and low limit of detection was 0.0006 µg mL-1. And the newly established method afforded less adsorbent consumption, wider linearity and lower LODs than the reported analytical methods. Ultimately, the method was successfully applied to determine NAA in fresh pear, tomato and peach juice. The magnetic COFs based MSPE coupled with HPLC-UV method provided a simple, efficient and dependable alternative to monitor trace NAA in food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yu Li
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong 264025, PR China; Institute of Bionanotechnology, Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanoscience and Technology for Prepared Food, Yantai Engineering Research Center of Green Food Processing and Quality Control, Yantai, Shandong 264025, PR China
| | - Jia-Hui Zhu
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong 264025, PR China
| | - Yu-Zhuo Xu
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong 264025, PR China
| | - Jie Zhao
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong 264025, PR China
| | - Yu-Shen Liu
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong 264025, PR China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, PR China
| | - Lu-Liang Wang
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong 264025, PR China; Institute of Bionanotechnology, Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanoscience and Technology for Prepared Food, Yantai Engineering Research Center of Green Food Processing and Quality Control, Yantai, Shandong 264025, PR China.
| | - Shu-Yang Sun
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong 264025, PR China.
| | - Shi-Lei Ji
- Institute of BioPharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, PR China.
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Xia Y, Wang L, Liu Y, Liu J, Bai Q. One-pot fabrication and evaluation of β-ketoenamine covalent organic frameworks@silica composite microspheres as reversed-phase/hydrophilic interaction mixed-mode stationary phase for high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1728:464998. [PMID: 38795423 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) show promise as a stationary phase in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). However, there are only a few COFs-based stationary phases developed for HPLC separation so far. Therefore, it is crucial to not only develop more varieties of COFs-type stationary phases for HPLC separation, but also to explore the retention mechanism of solutes on these stationary phases. In this paper, a new in-situ growth method was developed to prepare β-ketoenamine COF-TpPa-1@SiO2 composite microspheres, using spherical silica as the core material and COF-TpPa-1 fabricated by covalent conjugation of 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol (Tp) and p-phenylenediamine (Pa-1) as the COF shells. The resulting microspheres exhibit uniform morphology, good monodispersity, large specific surface area, narrow size distribution, and high stability. Due to diverse functional groups in the structure of COF-TpPa-1, the microspheres can offer multiple interactions, such as hydrophobic, π-π stacking and electron-donor-acceptor (EDA) between COFs and analytes. As a result, the COF-TpPa-1@SiO2 composite microspheres can be used as a mixed-mode stationary phase for HPLC separation. The chromatographic performance and retention mechanism of the COF-TpPa-1@SiO2 packed column were investigated by separating polar and non-polar solutes, as well as isomers, in various HPLC modes, including reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC), hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC), and RPLC/HILIC mixed-mode chromatography. The results showed successful separation of non-polar alkylbenzene homologues, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polar amines and phenols in RPLC mode. The "U-shaped" curves of retention factor with the ACN concentration in mobile phase for four nucleobases indicated that the solute retention on the column followed a mixed mode mechanism of RPLC/HILIC. Compared to a traditional C18 column, the COF-TpPa-1@SiO2 column exhibited superior separation efficiency, stability, repeatability and reproducibility in the separation of analytes with different polarities. The column enhanced the aromatic, shape and planar selectivity for PAHs and isomers through π-π interaction and improved the separation efficiency for electron-deficient compounds due to EDA effect. At last, the column was successfully used to separate and detect the residues of 5 phenylurea herbicides (PUHs) in soil. All these results indicate the potential of COFs for chromatography applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Xia
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, Institue of Modern Separation Science, Key Lab of Modern Separation Science in Shaanxi Province, College of Chemstry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Lushuai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, Institue of Modern Separation Science, Key Lab of Modern Separation Science in Shaanxi Province, College of Chemstry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, Institue of Modern Separation Science, Key Lab of Modern Separation Science in Shaanxi Province, College of Chemstry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, Institue of Modern Separation Science, Key Lab of Modern Separation Science in Shaanxi Province, College of Chemstry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Quan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, Institue of Modern Separation Science, Key Lab of Modern Separation Science in Shaanxi Province, College of Chemstry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China.
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Xu J, Feng G, Ao D, Li X, Li M, Lei S, Wang Y. Functional Covalent Organic Frameworks' Microspheres Synthesized by Self-Limited Dynamic Linker Exchange for Stationary Phases. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2406256. [PMID: 38897184 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202406256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Synthesizing uniform functional covalent organic framework (COF) microspheres is the prerequisite of applying COFs as novel stationary phases for liquid chromatography. However, the synthesis of functionalized COF microspheres is challenging due to the difficulty in maintaining microspheric morphology when conferring functions. Here, a facile and universal "self-limited dynamic linker exchange" strategy is developed to achieve surface functionalization of uniform COF microspheres. Six different types of COF microspheres are constructed, showing the universality and superiority of the strategy. The library of COF microspheres' stationary phases can be further enriched on demand by varying different functional building blocks. The "self-limited dynamic linker exchange" is attributed to the result of a delicate balance of reaction thermodynamics and molecular diffusion energy barrier. As a demonstration, the chiral functional COF microspheres are used as stationary phases of chiral chromatography and realized effective enantioseparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuit, Ministry of Education &Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Guangyuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuit, Ministry of Education &Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Dana Ao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuit, Ministry of Education &Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuit, Ministry of Education &Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Mengqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuit, Ministry of Education &Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Shengbin Lei
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuit, Ministry of Education &Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuit, Ministry of Education &Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
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4
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Sargazi M, Kaykhaii M. Magnetic Covalent Organic Frameworks-Fundamentals and Applications in Analytical Chemistry. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024; 54:1200-1226. [PMID: 35939351 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2107872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic covalent organic frameworks are new emerging materials which, besides many other applications, have found unique applications in analytical chemistry as separating media and adsorbents. They have outstanding features such as special morphology, chemical and thermal stability, high adsorption capacity, good magnetic response, high specific surface area, uniform pore size distribution, strong π-π interactions with analytes and high reusability that makes reported studies on their properties and applications increased in the recent years. After discussing the methods of synthesis of MCOFs with different geometries that cause their special physic-chemical properties, this review focuses on their high potential which has been exhibited in various applications in extraction and pre-concentration of different analytes such as organic compounds, heavy metal ions and biological samples. The article also highlights the applications of magnetic covalent organic frameworks in other chemical analysis such as adsorbent and being used in sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Massoud Kaykhaii
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
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5
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Liu C, Guo P, Ran XY, Zhu YL, Wang BJ, Zhang JH, Xie SM, Yuan LM. Chiral-induced synthesis of chiral covalent organic frameworks core-shell microspheres for HPLC enantioseparation. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:281. [PMID: 38649632 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06347-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Two chiral covalent organic frameworks (CCOFs) core-shell microspheres based on achiral organic precursors by chiral-induced synthesis strategy for HPLC enantioseparation are reported for the first time. Using n-hexane/isopropanol as mobile phase, various kinds of racemates were selected as analytes and separated on the CCOF-TpPa-1@SiO2 and CCOF-TpBD@SiO2-packed columns with a low column backpressure (3 ~ 9 bar). The fabricated two CCOFs@SiO2 chiral columns exhibited good separation performance towards various racemates with high column efficiency (e.g., 19,500 plates m-1 for (4-fluorophenyl)ethanol and 18,900 plates m-1 for 1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethanol) and good reproducibility. Some effects have been investigated such as the analyte mass and column temperature on the HPLC enantioseparation. Moreover, the chiral separation results of the CCOF-TpPa-1@SiO2 chiral column and the commercialized Chiralpak AD-H column show a good complementarity. This study demonstrates that the usage of chiral-induced synthesis strategy for preparing CCOFs core-shell microspheres as a novel stationary phase has a good application potential in HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Ran
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Lan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Bang-Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sheng-Ming Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Ming Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
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Gavara R, Royuela S, Zamora F. A minireview on covalent organic frameworks as stationary phases in chromatography. Front Chem 2024; 12:1384025. [PMID: 38606080 PMCID: PMC11006975 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1384025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Advances in the design of novel porous materials open new avenues for the development of chromatographic solid stationary phases. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are promising candidates in this context due to their remarkable structural versatility and exceptional chemical and textural properties. In this minireview, we summarize the main strategies followed in recent years to apply these materials as stationary phases for chromatographic separations. We also comment on the perspectives of this new research field and potential directions to expand the applicability and implementation of COF stationary phases in analytical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Gavara
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Royuela
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Félix Zamora
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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7
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Pilli P, Kommalapati HS, Golla VM, Khemchandani R, Ramachandran RK, Samanthula G. Covalent organic frameworks: spotlight on applications in the pharmaceutical arena. Bioanalysis 2024; 16:279-305. [PMID: 38445446 PMCID: PMC11235138 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have much potential in the field of analytical separation research due to their distinctive characteristics, including easy modification, low densities, large specific surface areas and permanent porosity. This article provides a historical overview of the synthesis and broad perspectives on the applications of COFs. The use of COF-based membranes in gas separation, water treatment (desalination, heavy metals and dye removal), membrane filtration, photoconduction, sensing and fuel cells is also covered. However, these COFs also demonstrate great promise as solid-phase extraction sorbents and solid-phase microextraction coatings. In addition to various separation applications, this work aims to highlight important advancements in the synthesis of COFs for chiral and isomeric compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpa Pilli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Hema Sree Kommalapati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Vijaya Madhyanapu Golla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Rahul Khemchandani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Roshitha Kunnath Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Gananadhamu Samanthula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, 500037, India
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Sun M, Feng J, Feng Y, Xin X, Ding Y, Feng J. Core-shell silica@pyridyl conjugated microporous polymer as a stationary phase for high performance liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1292:342258. [PMID: 38309855 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of the advantages of good selectivity, high sensitivity, and fast analysis, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has become one of the modern analytical techniques in wide application range, such as biological analysis, environmental detection, pharmaceutical and food inspection, agriculture and other fields. The stationary phase greatly decides the chromatographic separation performance, so the development of novel stationary phase is most important for HPLC. RESULTS Pyridyl conjugated microporous polymers (P-CMP) with one to four layers were modified on the surface of amino silica to obtain a novel core-shell material (SiO2@P-CMP) by the layer-by-layer assembly strategy and Chichibabin reaction. The relationship between the structure of SiO2@P-CMP and chromatographic performance was carefully investigated, and the retention mechanism was revealed. The interactions including π-π stacking, hydrophobic effect and hydrogen bond gradually enhanced with the increase of P-CMP layers on the silica surface. Compared with C18 column, SiO2@P-CMP columns displayed better separation selectivity for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). According to the relative retention values (α), the separation performance of SiO2@P-CMP columns (α = 1.144-1.884) for PAH isomers and other analytes was obviously better than that of C18 column (α = 0.998-1.487). Furthermore, the SiO2@P-CMP column with four layers was selected to separate different types of analytes (eight PAHs, four bisphenols, four estrogens and nine phthalates), and the peak order of analytes was different from that on the C18 column due to the influence of hydrogen-bonding and π-π interactions. The relative standard deviations (n = 10) of retention time and peak area on SiO2@P-CMP column were between 0.28 % and 1.98 %. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY Pyridyl conjugated microporous polymer was introduced as the stationary phase for the first time in HPLC. The proposed column displayed better separation characteristics compared to Zorbax SB-C18 column. It provided a new idea for the separation of small molecules and the development of chromatographic packing or extraction material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sun
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China.
| | - Jiaqing Feng
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Yang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Xubo Xin
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Yali Ding
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Juanjuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China.
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Devi T, Saleh NM, Kamarudin NHN, Roslan NJ, Jalil R, Hamid HA. Efficient adsorption of organic pollutants phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) utilizing magnetite functionalized covalent organic frameworks (MCOFs): A promising future material for industrial applications. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 268:115706. [PMID: 37992639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) as the major component in plastic and its derivative industry has raised concerns among the public due to the harmful effects caused by these organic pollutants. These pollutants are found to exhibit unique physicochemical properties that allow the pollutants to have prolonged existence in the environment, thus causing damage to the environment. Since phthalates and bisphenol A are used in a variety of industrial applications, the industry must recover these compounds from its water before releasing the pollutants into the environment. As a result, these materials have a promising future in industrial applications. Therefore, the discovery of new quick and reliable abatement technologies is important to ensure that these organic pollutants can be detected and removed from the water sources. This review highlights the use of the adsorption method to remove phthalates and BPA from water sources by employing novel modified adsorbent magnetite functionalized covalent organic frameworks (MCOFs). MCOFs is a new class of porous materials that have demonstrated promising features in a variety of applications due to their adaptable structures, significant surface areas, configurable porosity, and customizable chemistry. The structural attributes, functional design strategies, and specialized for environmental applications before offering some closing thoughts and suggestions for further research were discussed in this paper in addition to developing an innovative solution for the industry to the accessibility for clean water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanusha Devi
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, The National University of Malaysia (UKM), 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noorashikin Md Saleh
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, The National University of Malaysia (UKM), 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nur Hidayatul Nazirah Kamarudin
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, The National University of Malaysia (UKM), 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nursyafiqah Jori Roslan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, The National University of Malaysia (UKM), 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rafidah Jalil
- Forest Products Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), 52109 Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Husna Abdul Hamid
- Unison Nutraceuticals Sdn. Bhd., No.13, Jln. TU 52, Tasek Utama Industrial Estate, Ayer Keroh, 75450 Melaka, Malaysia
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Wei W, Long H, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Chen W, Tang S. Preparation and application of a novel imine-linked covalent organic framework@silica composite for reversed-phase and hydrophilic interaction chromatographic separations. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1276:341635. [PMID: 37573114 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The composites of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and silica gel have been considered to be promising chromatographic separation materials due to the distinct advantages such as large specific surface area, good mechanical strength and high porosity. In the present study, a novel imine-linked COF@silica composite was prepared by in-situ growth of 2,4,6-tris(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TAPT) and 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalaldehyde (DHTA) monomers on the surface of aminated silica gel (SiO2-NH2). The successful surface-modification of TAPT-DHTA-COF distinctly enhanced the separation selectivity and efficiency of SiO2-NH2. Multiple types of analyte-stationary phase interactions contributed to the selective retention of structurally similar analytes. The designed TAPT-DHTA-COF@SiO2 was observed to effectively separate hydrophobic phenyl ketones, phthalate esters and steroid hormones. Moreover, the polar amino and hydroxyl groups of TAPT-DHTA-COF facilitated the selective determination of hydrophilic nucleosides/bases. The kinetic performance and thermodynamic behavior of TAPT-DHTA-COF@SiO2 column were particularly explored. It was found that column efficiency was mainly affected by the mass transfer resistance, and the retention of nucleosides/bases on the TAPT-DHTA-COF@SiO2 column was temperature dependent. The developed versatile TAPT-DHTA-COF@SiO2 column was finally applied for detecting environmental hormones as well as water-soluble nicotinamide in real samples. In summary, the potential application of TAPT-DHTA-COF@SiO2 composite material for liquid chromatographic separations was first explored and verified. The TAPT-DHTA-COF@SiO2 was proved to be a promising chromatographic separation material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjiao Wei
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Haoyu Long
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Yanjuan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Shuangling Road, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Yuefei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Sheng Tang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China.
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11
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Long H, Jiang Y, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Chen W, Tang S. Chromatographic separation performance of silica microspheres surface-modified with triazine-containing imine-linked covalent organic frameworks. Talanta 2023; 260:124589. [PMID: 37126925 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, 2,4,6-tris(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TAPT) and 1,3,5-tris(4-formylphenyl)benzene (TFPB) were used as monomers to construct a triazine-containing imine-linked covalent organic framework (COF), which was then bonded onto the surface of aldehydized silica (SiO2-CHO), and finally a COF@silica composite material (TAPT-TFPB COF@SiO2) was successfully prepared. The chromatographic separation performance of SiO2-CHO, TAPT-TFPB COF@SiO2 and TAPT-TFPB COF@SiO2/SiO2-CHO (80/20, mass ratio) was evaluated and compared. It was found that separation efficiency was obviously enhanced by adding an appropriate amount of SiO2-CHO into TAPT-TFPB COF@SiO2. The obtained TAPT-TFPB COF@SiO2/SiO2-CHO showed more favorable separation ability than SiO2-CHO and TAPT-TFPB COF@SiO2. Various aromatic compounds including alkylbenzenes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, environmental endocrine disruptors, foodborne stimulants and phenyl ketones were effectively separated on the TAPT-TFPB COF@SiO2/SiO2-CHO column in reversed phase chromatography mode. The silica microspheres surface-modified with triazine-containing imine-linked COFs proved to be a new type of promising chromatographic packing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Long
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Yanhao Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Yanjuan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Shuangling Road, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Yuefei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Sheng Tang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China.
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12
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Chen J, Wang X, Fan K, Luo P, Peng H, Peng J. Preparation of spherical silica hydroxyl-functionalized covalent organic polymer composites for mixed-mode liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2200637. [PMID: 36377530 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic polymers are an emerging class of amorphous microporous materials that have raised increasing concerns in analytical chemistry due to their unique structural and surface chemical properties. However, the application of covalent organic polymers as mixed-mode stationary phases in chromatographic separations has rarely been reported. Herein, novel spherical silica hydroxyl-functionalized covalent organic polymer composites were successfully prepared via a layer-by-layer approach. The structure and morphology of the materials were carefully characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, and contact angle measurements. Baseline separations of various alkylbenzenes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and nucleosides and bases were achieved on the prepared stationary phase under reversed-phase/hydrophilic interaction mode. The column efficiencies of 23 853 and 36 580 plates/m were obtained for butylbenzene and uracil, respectively, and the relative standard deviation of the retention time for continuous injections was less than 1.38% (n = 10), suggesting satisfactory column efficiency and repeatability. Additionally, this novel stationary phase realized the complete separation of the endocrine-disrupting chemicals in river water. This work affords a new route for synthesizing covalent organic polymers-based mixed-mode stationary phase and further reveals their great potential in chromatographic separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, P. R. China.,Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, P. R. China
| | - Kun Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, P. R. China
| | - Pan Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, P. R. China
| | - Huanjun Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, P. R. China
| | - Jingdong Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, P. R. China
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13
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Wei W, Lu Z, Wu T, Wang H, Han Q, Liang Q. One-step fabrication of COF-coated melamine sponge for in-syringe solid-phase extraction of active ingredients from traditional Chinese medicine in serum samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:8071-8079. [PMID: 36169676 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04340-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a covalent organic framework (COF)-TpBD-supported melamine sponge (MS) was fabricated through a one-step hydrothermal method. The obtained monolithic column was then applied in in-syringe solid-phase extraction (IS-SPE) for the separation of three volatile ingredients from serum samples. Given credit for the superior adsorption capacity of the COF and the homogeneous microporous property of MS, the developed column exhibited satisfactory separation of the targets. And the dominating adsorption mechanism was the hydrophobic interaction forces between TpBD and targets and the high mass transfer efficiency provided by the large pore structure of MS. The results of dynamic adsorption showed that the MS@TpBD column displayed much better adsorption performance than blank MS and TpBD. And it has featured great reusability up to 5 cycles and obtained satisfied recovery values (87.9 ~ 110.3%) in serum samples. As a result of sample clean-up, this column offers low limit of detections (LODs) down to 0.014, 0.010, and 0.020 μg/mL, respectively. In summary, we believe that this convenient separation column has prominent application promise in the fields of separating activity ingredients in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Beijing Key Lab of Microanalytical Methods & Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Zenghui Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Beijing Key Lab of Microanalytical Methods & Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ting Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116000, China.
| | - Qiang Han
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Beijing Key Lab of Microanalytical Methods & Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Qionglin Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Beijing Key Lab of Microanalytical Methods & Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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14
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Yang XS, Zhao J, Wang LL, Liu YS, Liu QW, Peng XY, Wang P. Core-shell-structured magnetic covalent organic frameworks for effective extraction of parabens prior to their determination by HPLC. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:340. [PMID: 35995957 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05444-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic framework (COF)-decorated magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@DhaTab) with core-shell structure have been synthesized by one-pot method. The prepared Fe3O4@DhaTab was well characterized, and parameters of magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) for parabens were also investigated in detail. Under optimized conditions, the adsorbent dosage was only 3 mg and extraction time was 10 min. The developed Fe3O4@DhaTab-based MSPE-HPLC analysis method offered good linearity (0.01-20 μg mL-1) with R2 (0.999) and low limits of detection (3.3-6.5 μg L-1) using UV detector at 254 nm. The proposed method was applied to determine four parabens in environmental water samples with recoveries in the range 64.0-105% and relative standard deviations of 0.16-7.8%. The adsorption mechanism was explored and indicated that porous DhaTab shell provided π-π, hydrophobic, and hydrogen bonding interactions in the MSPE process. The results revealed the potential of magnetic-functionalized COFs in determination of environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Shuai Yang
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China, 264025
| | - Jie Zhao
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China, 264025
| | - Lu-Liang Wang
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China, 264025. .,Institute of Bionanotechnology, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China, 264025.
| | - Yu-Shen Liu
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China, 264025.,Institute of Bionanotechnology, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China, 264025
| | - Quan-Wen Liu
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China, 264025
| | - Xin-Yan Peng
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China, 264005
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China, 264025.,Institute of Bionanotechnology, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China, 264025
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15
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Zheng Z, Li Z, Yang Y, Wang X, Wang S, Zhang Z, Kang T, Chen X, Wang WJ, Ding Y, Braunstein P, Liu P. Surface deposition of 2D covalent organic frameworks for minimizing nanocatalyst sintering during hydrogenation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10016-10019. [PMID: 35971977 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03454a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A strategy of in situ depositing 2D COFs on heterogeneous catalysts was reported for the first time to suppress the agglomeration and sintering of the supported metal nanoparticles during hydrogenation processes. The COF-decorated nanocatalysts exhibited excellent stability in various hydrogenation reactions including the reduction of dimethyl oxalate (DMO), furfural, and other chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqian Zheng
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, 1108 Gengwen Road, Hangzhou 311231, P. R. China. .,State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310027, China.
| | - Zheng Li
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, 1108 Gengwen Road, Hangzhou 311231, P. R. China.
| | - Yuhao Yang
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310027, China.
| | - Xuepeng Wang
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, 1108 Gengwen Road, Hangzhou 311231, P. R. China.
| | - Song Wang
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310027, China.
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310027, China.
| | - Ting Kang
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310027, China.
| | - Xingkun Chen
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, 1108 Gengwen Road, Hangzhou 311231, P. R. China.
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310027, China.
| | - Yunjie Ding
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, 1108 Gengwen Road, Hangzhou 311231, P. R. China. .,Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.,The State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Pierre Braunstein
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CHIMIE UMR 7177, Laboratoire deChimie de Coordination, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pingwei Liu
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310027, China.
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16
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A critical review of covalent organic frameworks-based sorbents in extraction methods. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1224:340207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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17
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Sasmal HS, Kumar Mahato A, Majumder P, Banerjee R. Landscaping Covalent Organic Framework Nanomorphologies. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11482-11498. [PMID: 35754375 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The practical utilization of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with manipulation at the atomic and molecular scale often demands their assembly on the nano-, meso-, and macroscale with precise control. Consequently, synthetic approaches that establish the ability to control the nucleation and growth of COF crystallites and their self-assembly to desired COF nanomorphologies have drawn substantial attention from researchers. On the basis of the dimensionality of the COF morphologies, we can categorize them into zero- (0-D), one- (1-D), two- (2-D), and three-dimensional (3-D) nanomorphologies. In this perspective, we summarize the reported synthetic strategies that enable precise control of the COF nanomorphologies' size, shape, and dimensionality and reveal the impact of the dimensionalities in their physicochemical properties and applications. The aim is to establish a synergistic optimization of the morphological dimensionality while keeping the micro- or mesoporosity, crystallinity, and chemical functionalities of the COFs in perspective. A detailed knowledge along the way should help us to enrich the performance of COFs in a variety of applications like catalysis, separation, sensing, drug delivery, energy storage, etc. We have discussed the interlinking between the COF nanomorphologies via the transmutation of the dimensionalities. Such dimensionality transmutation could lead to variation in their properties during the transition. Finally, the concept of constructing COF superstructures through the combination of two or more COF nanomorphologies has been explored, and it could bring up opportunities for developing next-generation innovative materials for multidisciplinary applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himadri Sekhar Sasmal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India.,Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Mahato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India.,Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Poulami Majumder
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India.,Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Rahul Banerjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India.,Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
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18
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Ma M, Zhang J, Zhang X, Kan Z, Du Y. Zeolitic imidazolate framework‐67–modified open‐tubular column with cyclodextrin for enantioseparation in capillary electrochromatography. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:1415-1422. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education) China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education) China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Xicheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education) China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Zigui Kan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education) China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Yingxiang Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education) China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing P. R. China
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19
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Fabrication of cellulose derivative coated spherical covalent organic frameworks as chiral stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatographic enantioseparation. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1675:463155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Bagheri AR, Aramesh N, Liu Z, Chen C, Shen W, Tang S. Recent Advances in the Application of Covalent Organic Frameworks in Extraction: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 54:565-598. [PMID: 35757859 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2089838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of emerging materials that are synthesized based on the covalent bonds between different building blocks. COFs possess unique attributes in terms of high porosity, tunable structure, ordered channels, easy modification, large surface area, and great physical and chemical stability. Due to these features, COFs have been extensively applied as adsorbents in various extraction modes. Enhanced extraction performance could be reached with modified COFs, where COFs are presented as composites with other materials including nanomaterials, carbon and its derivatives, silica, metal-organic frameworks, molecularly imprinted polymers, etc. This review article describes the recent advances, developments, and applications of COF-based materials being utilized as adsorbents in the extraction methods. The COFs, their properties, their synthesis approaches as well as their composite structures are reviewed. Most importantly, suggested mechanisms for the extraction of analyte(s) by COF-based materials are also discussed. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects of COF-based materials in extraction methods are summarized and considered in order to provide more insights into this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nahal Aramesh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chengbo Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wei Shen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sheng Tang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
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21
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Rasheed T, Khan S, Ahmad T, Ullah N. Covalent Organic Frameworks-Based Membranes as Promising Modalities from Preparation to Separation Applications: An Overview. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202200062. [PMID: 35641392 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a promising class of porous crystalline materials made up of covalently connected and periodically protracted network topologies through organic linkers. The tailorability of organic linker and intrinsic structures endow COFs with a tunable porosity and structure, low density, facilely-tailored functionality, and large surface area, attracting increasing amount of interests in variety of research areas of membrane separations. COF-based membranes have spawned a slew of new research projects, ranging from fabrication methodologies to separation applications. Herein, we tried to emphasis the major developments in the synthetic approaches of COFs based membranes for a variety of separation applications such as, separation of gaseous mixtures, water treatment as well as separation of isomeric and chiral organic compounds. The proposed methods for fabricating COF-based continuous membranes and columns for real world applications are also thoroughly explored. Finally, a viewpoint on the future directions and remaining challenges for COF research in the area of separation is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Rasheed
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sardaraz Khan
- Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tauqir Ahmad
- Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nisar Ullah
- Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Continuous photocatalysis via Z-scheme based nanocatalyst system for environmental remediation of pharmaceutically active compound: Modification, reaction site, defect engineering and challenges on the nanocatalyst. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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23
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Open Tubular Column Immobilized with Covalent Organic Frameworks for Rapid Separation of Small Molecular Compounds by Capillary Electrochromatography. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10050843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Preparation of a novel TpBD (synthesized from phloroglucinol and benzidine) covalent organic framework (COF) immobilized open-tubular (OT) capillary is described by in situ growth strategy. The stationary phase in the column was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum (EDS). Several families of compounds with different properties (alkylbenzenes, parabens, sulfonamides and benzoic acids) were selected to evaluate the performance of the TpBD COF immobilized capillary. The results showed that the stationary phase was uniform with about 6.0 μm thickness under the optimal preparation conditions, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were no more than 3.13% of alkylbenzenes on the TpBD COF immobilized capillary for 11 consecutive runs, which exhibited its excellent reproducibility and stability. A rapid baseline separation of each family of the analytes (neutral parabens, amphoteric sulfonamides and acidic benzoic acids) was obtained in less than 6 min with a resolution (Rs) of 2.79~9.30, which sufficiently verified the rapid separation, high resolution and wide application range of the TpBD COF immobilized capillary, and further revealed this strategy of fabricating COF to capillary column to show great promise in capillary electrochromatography.
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24
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Liu H, Hu L, Cai W, Feng X, Zhang F, Shao R, Wang L, Wang B. Ultrafine Pt Nanoparticles Supported on Ultrathin Nanobowl‐shaped N‐doped Carbon for Remarkable Oxygen Reduction Reaction. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials CHINA
| | - Linyu Hu
- Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials CHINA
| | - Wenjun Cai
- Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials CHINA
| | - Xiao Feng
- Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials CHINA
| | - Fang Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Technology Analysis and Testing Center CHINA
| | - Ruiwen Shao
- Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems and Institute of Engineering Medicine CHINA
| | - Lu Wang
- Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials CHINA
| | - Bo Wang
- Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials 5 S. Zhongguancun Ave,Central Building Rm. 108 100081 Beijing CHINA
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25
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26
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Yuan C, Jia W, Yu Z, Li Y, Zi M, Yuan LM, Cui Y. Are Highly Stable Covalent Organic Frameworks the Key to Universal Chiral Stationary Phases for Liquid and Gas Chromatographic Separations? J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:891-900. [PMID: 34989226 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) over chiral stationary phases (CSPs) represent the most popular and highly applicable technology in the field of chiral separation, but there are currently no CSPs that can be used for both liquid and gas chromatography simultaneously. We demonstrate here that two olefin-linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) featuring chiral crown ether groups can be general CSPs for extensive separation not only in GC but also in normal-phase and reversed-phase HPLC. Both COFs have the same 2D layered porous structure but channels of different sizes and display high stability under different chemical environments including water, organic solvents, acids, and bases. Chiral crown ethers are periodically aligned within the COF channels, allowing for enantioselective recognition of guest molecules through intermolecular interactions. The COF-packed HPLC and GC columns show excellent complementarity and each affords high resolution, selectivity, and durability for the separation of a wide range of racemic compounds, including amino acids, esters, lactones, amides, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and drugs. The resolution performances are comparable to and the versatility is superior to those of the most widely used commercial chiral columns, showing promises for practical applications. This work thus advances COFs with high stability as potential universal CSPs for chromatography that are otherwise hard or impossible to produce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Wenyan Jia
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Ziyun Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Min Zi
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ming Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Yong Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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Shah HUR, Ahmad K, Bashir MS, Shah SSA, Najam T, Ashfaq M. Metal organic frameworks for efficient catalytic conversion of CO2 and CO into applied products. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.112055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zheng Y, Wan M, Zhou J, Dai X, Yang H, Xia Z, Wang L. One-pot method for the synthesis of β-cyclodextrin and covalent organic framework functionalized chiral stationary phase with mixed-mode retention mechanism. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1662:462731. [PMID: 34915189 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As a welcomed porous material, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have many advantages and are widely used in various aspects. Particularly, COFs have aroused great attentions of scientists in chromatographic separation field due to their outstanding advantages, such as high stability, large specific surface area and multiple voids. However, endowing COFs with chirality to construct chiral stationary phase (CSP) function is still facing many challenges. Here, we firstly prepared a β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and covalent organic framework functional silica CSP named as COF@CD@SiO2 by one-pot method to perform high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) chiral separation. The morphology and structure of the synthesized stationary phase were investigated by a variety of characterization methods including Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N2 adsorption experiment, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and elemental analysis (EA). The prepared stationary phase realized fast separation of six enantiomers in a short time. The separation mechanism was mainly ascribed to the inclusion complexation of β-cyclodextrin and the mutli-interaction sites from COFs material. In conclusion, the prepared chiral column can be used to achieve fast separation of enantiomers with good stability and reproducibility. These results can open new avenue for using chiral COFs in liquid chromatographic separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchao Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Meijun Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Jingqiu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xuemei Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Honglin Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Zhining Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Lujun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
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Evans AM, Strauss MJ, Corcos AR, Hirani Z, Ji W, Hamachi LS, Aguilar-Enriquez X, Chavez AD, Smith BJ, Dichtel WR. Two-Dimensional Polymers and Polymerizations. Chem Rev 2021; 122:442-564. [PMID: 34852192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic chemists have developed robust methods to synthesize discrete molecules, linear and branched polymers, and disordered cross-linked networks. However, two-dimensional polymers (2DPs) prepared from designed monomers have been long missing from these capabilities, both as objects of chemical synthesis and in nature. Recently, new polymerization strategies and characterization methods have enabled the unambiguous realization of covalently linked macromolecular sheets. Here we review 2DPs and 2D polymerization methods. Three predominant 2D polymerization strategies have emerged to date, which produce 2DPs either as monolayers or multilayer assemblies. We discuss the fundamental understanding and scope of each of these approaches, including: the bond-forming reactions used, the synthetic diversity of 2DPs prepared, their multilayer stacking behaviors, nanoscale and mesoscale structures, and macroscale morphologies. Additionally, we describe the analytical tools currently available to characterize 2DPs in their various isolated forms. Finally, we review emergent 2DP properties and the potential applications of planar macromolecules. Throughout, we highlight achievements in 2D polymerization and identify opportunities for continued study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin M Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael J Strauss
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Amanda R Corcos
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zoheb Hirani
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Woojung Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Leslie S Hamachi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Xavier Aguilar-Enriquez
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Anton D Chavez
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Brian J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Bucknell University,1 Dent Drive, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, United States
| | - William R Dichtel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Synthesis of a covalent organic framework with hydrazine linkages and its application in open-tubular capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1661:462681. [PMID: 34856505 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently, covalent organic frameworks (COFs), owning to their excellent and unique properties, are attracting the attention of numerous researchers in some areas, especially the domain of chromatographic separation. However, the application of hydrazine linkages COFs in open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC) lies in the early stage at present. Herein, a well-crystallized hydrazine-linked COF (Tf-DHzOH) was synthesized successfully from 2,5-dihydroxyterephtalohydrazide and 1,3,5-triformyl-benzene. Tf-DHzOH was firstly regarded as a stationary phase material to prepare the Tf-DHzOH coated capillaries with different coating thickness by covalent bonding in this work. The characterization results showed that Tf-DHzOH was successfully synthesized. The separation performance and stability of the Tf-DHzOH coated capillary were evaluated by considering amino acids, sulfonamides, tetracyclines and benzene compounds as analytes. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of separation time in the intra-day (n = 9), inter-day (n = 6), column-to-column (n = 3) and batch-to-batch (n = 3) were 0.76-4.97%, 1.59-5.94%1.78-8.72% and 1.66%-8.23%, respectively, the RSDs of peak areas were 1.90-5.16%, 1.73-5.24%, 1.26-7.33% and 3.77%-11.24%, respectively. It was confirmed that there was no visible change of separation efficiency after the Tf-DHzOH-coated capillary was used more than 200 runs. The results make clear that 2D hydrazine-linked COF (Tf-DHzOH) has superior potential as the stationary phase in OT-CEC for chromatographic separation.
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Kumar S, Kulkarni VV, Jangir R. Covalent‐Organic Framework Composites: A Review Report on Synthesis Methods. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Kumar
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Ichchanath Surat 395 007 Gujarat INDIA
| | - Vihangraj V. Kulkarni
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology Silchar Silchar 788010 Assam INDIA
| | - Ritambhara Jangir
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Ichchanath Surat 395 007 Gujarat, INDIA
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Chen JK, Xu NY, Guo P, Wang BJ, Zhang JH, Xie SM, Yuan LM. A chiral metal-organic framework core-shell microspheres composite for high-performance liquid chromatography enantioseparation. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:3976-3985. [PMID: 34490989 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The unique features of uniform and adjustable cavities, abundant chiral active sites, and high enantioselectivity make chiral metal-organic frameworks popular as an emerging candidate for enantioselective separation. However, the wide particle size distribution and irregular shape of as-synthesized metal-organic frameworks result in low column efficiency, undesired chromatographic peak shape, and high column backpressure of such metal-organic frameworks packed columns. Herein, we report the fabrication of chiral core-shell microspheres [Cu2 (d-Cam)2 (4,4'-bpy)]n @SiO2 composite for high-performance liquid chromatography enantioseparation to overcome the above-mentioned problems. The [Cu2 (d-Cam)2 (4,4'-bpy)]n @SiO2 packed column gave high-resolution separation of racemates under low column backpressure (10-22 bar), indicating its synergistic effect of the good column packing property of the SiO2 microspheres and the chiral recognition ability of [Cu2 (d-Cam)2 (4,4'-bpy)]n crystals. Thirteen kinds of chiral compounds including alcohols, amines, ketones, epoxides, and organic bases were well separated with good peak shapes and high column efficiency (18200 plates/m for 1-(9-anthryl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanol) on the [Cu2 (d-Cam)2 (4,4'-bpy)]n @SiO2 packed column. Among them, seven pairs of enantiomers achieved baseline separation and the resolution value for 1-(9-anthryl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanol reached 11.22. Some effects such as column temperature, and analytes mass on the enantioseparations have been investigated. In addition, the [Cu2 (d-Cam)2 (4,4'-bpy)]n @SiO2 packed column exhibited good stability and repeatability for the separation of chiral compounds. The relative standard deviations for five replicate separations of 1-phenylethanol were less than 1.0, 1.5, 3.0, and 2.0% for the retention time, peak area, number of theoretical plates, and resolution, respectively. The research results demonstrated the development of chiral metal-organic frameworks core-shell microspheres composite provide a promising platform for their practical application in chiral separation fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Kai Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Na-Yan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Ping Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Bang-Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Ming Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ming Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, P.R. China
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Chiral covalent organic framework core-shell composite CTpBD@SiO 2 used as stationary phase for HPLC enantioseparation. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:292. [PMID: 34363124 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04954-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The fascinating framework structures and unique properties of chiral covalent organic frameworks (COFs) make them promising candidates as novel separation medium for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). However, the irregular morphology, inhomogeneous particle size, and low density of conventional COF particles will lead to a low column efficiency, undesirable chromatographic peak shape, and high column backpressure of such COF-packed columns. In this work, a chiral COF CTpBD was synthesized by the Schiff base reaction between benzidine (BD) and chiral organic monomer CTp obtained through the reaction of 1,3,5-triformylphoroglucinol (Tp) and (+)-diacetyl-L-tartaric anhydride ((+)-Ac-L-Ta). The chiral COF CTpBD was immobilized on the surface of amino functionalized silica (SiO2-NH2) by an in situ growth approach to prepare the chiral COF core-shell microsphere composite CTpBD@SiO2, which was used as a novel chiral stationary phase (CSP) for HPLC enantioseparation. Various kinds of racemates were separated on the CTpBD@SiO2-packed column with a low column backpressure (8-11 bar). Some effects such as the analyte mass and column temperature on the HPLC enantioseparation have been studied in detail. The fabricated CTpBD@SiO2-packed column exhibited high column efficiency (e.g., 16,800 plates m-1 for atenolol), high enantioselectivity, and good reproducibility toward various racemates. The highest resolution value, retention factor, and separation factor reach to 2.11, 2.85, and 3.73, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSD) of peak area, peak height, half-peak width, and retention time of atenolol were all below 3.0%.
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Kujawa J, Al-Gharabli S, Muzioł TM, Knozowska K, Li G, Dumée LF, Kujawski W. Crystalline porous frameworks as nano-enhancers for membrane liquid separation – Recent developments. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Zheng Q, He Y, Ma W, Wu Y, Chen Z, Wang R, Tong W, Lin Z. Facile synthesis of spherical covalent organic frameworks as stationary phases for short-column liquid chromatography. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7501-7504. [PMID: 34259250 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03182a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Micron-sized spherical covalent organic frameworks (SCOFs) with tunable sizes, narrow size distribution, and significant mono-dispersity were simply synthesized at room temperature. Thanks to their high specific surface areas, high chemical and mechanical stability, the SCOFs were used for the first time as stationary phases for high-efficiency separation of various small molecules and protein digests via short-column liquid chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China.
| | - Yanting He
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China.
| | - Wende Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China.
| | - Yijing Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China.
| | - Zihan Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China.
| | - Ran Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China.
| | - Wei Tong
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China.
| | - Zian Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China.
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Immobilization of cellulase on monolith supported with Zr(IV)-based metal-organic framework as chiral stationary phase for enantioseparation of five basic drugs in capillary electrochromatography. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:186. [PMID: 33978843 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04840-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic framework (UiO-66-NH2)-incorporated organic polymer monolith was prepared by thermal polymerization. By virtue of the superior physical and chemical properties, the UiO-66-NH2-modified organic monolith was then functionalized by chiral selector cellulase via the condensation reaction between the primary amino groups and aldehyde groups. The synthesized materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis, and nitrogen sorption isotherm. The cellulase@poly(glycidyl methacrylate-UiO-66-NH2-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (cellulase@poly(GMA-UiO-66-NH2-EDMA)) monolith was applied to enantiomerically separate the basic racemic forms of metoprolol, atenolol, esmolol, bisoprolol, and propranolol. In contrast to the cellulase@poly(GMA-co-EDMA) monolith without UiO-66-NH2, the cellulase@poly(GMA-UiO-66-NH2-EDMA) monolith reveals significantly improved enantiodiscrimination performance for metoprolol (Rs: 0 → 1.67), atenolol (Rs: 0 → 1.50), esmolol (Rs: 0 → 1.52), bisoprolol (Rs: 0 → 0.36), and propranolol (Rs: 0 → 0.44). The immobilization pH of cellulase, buffer pH, UiO-66-NH2 concentration, and the proportion of organic modifier were evaluated in detail with enantiomerically separating chiral molecules. The intra-day, inter-day, column-to-column, and inter-batch precision have been discussed, the result was preferable, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) of separation parameters was <4.3%. Schematic representation of the preparation of a UiO-66-NH2-modified organic polymer monolith for enantioseparating five racemic β-blockers. UiO-66-NH2 was synthesized and converted into a monolith as the stationary phase. Then, the modified monolith containing cellulase as the chiral selector was applied in a capillary electrochromatography system for enantioseparating chiral drugs.
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Zheng Y, Wan M, Zhou J, Luo Q, Gao D, Fu Q, Zeng J, Zu F, Wang L. Striped covalent organic frameworks modified stationary phase for mixed mode chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1649:462186. [PMID: 34034102 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have showed expected potential in chromatographic separation due to unique structure and excellent performance. Nowadays, COF materials applied as chromatographic stationary phases is still in its infancy. Here, we modified COF materials on silica using benzene-1,4,5-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PMDA) and 1,3,5-tris-(4-aminophenyl)triazine (TAPT) monomers by one-pot synthetic method for performing mixed-mode function, named as SiO2@COF. Five characterization methods including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), elemental analysis (EA) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) verified the morphology, structure characteristics and physicochemical properties of the materials. SiO2@COF for performing the separation of polar and nonpolar analytes on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) achieved the desired results. Retention mechanisms of the constructed SiO2@COF were researched via observing the effects of mobile phase with retention times. Results exhibited that the prepared stationary phase can provide various interaction modes, including hydrophobic, hydrophilic, hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions. In conclusion, the prepared SiO2@COF stationary phase can execute mixed-mode separation abilities and show potential for complex samples analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchao Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Meijun Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Jingqiu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Qiurong Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Die Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Qifeng Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Fengjiao Zu
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Lujun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwes Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China,; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
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YU Q, ZHANG L, ZHANG W, YANG J. [Preparation of covalent organic framework based on room temperature solution-suspension approach and its application to solid-phase microextraction of pyrethroids in tea]. Se Pu 2021; 39:349-356. [PMID: 34227754 PMCID: PMC9404039 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2020.12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrethroids (PYs) have been widely used to control pests and prevent diseases in tea gardens. However, with the increasingly stringent pesticide testing standards in the import and export trade of tea, there is an urgent need for methods to detect trace amounts of PYs in tea. In this study, a covalent organic framework (COF) material TpBD with excellent thermal/chemical stability, high porosity, and a large specific surface area was prepared by a room-temperature solution-suspension approach (SSA). TpBD-coated solid phase microextraction (SPME) fibers were fabricated by coating the material on etched stainless-steel fibers by a simple physical coating method. The fibers were used in combination with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) to establish a highly sensitive method for the detection of PYs. The enrichment factors of this method for cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, flucythrinate, fenvalerate, and deltamethrin were 702-2687. The method showed low LODs (0.1-0.5 ng/L), wide linear ranges (0.2-800 ng/L), good linearities (correlation coefficients (R)≥0.9991) and acceptable repeatabilities (RSD≤11.0%, n=3). Green tea and oolong tea samples were analyzed using the developed method, and trace levels of the five PYs were successfully detected. The recoveries of the spiked PYs in the real green tea and oolong tea samples were in the range of 80.2%-109.5%. Experimental results showed that the established analytical method is suitable for the determination of PY pesticides in tea. Furthermore, the TpBD material was successfully prepared by the SSA method, demonstrating that the method has good universality and excellent potential for the simple synthesis of other COF materials.
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Fabrication of spherical silica amino-functionalized microporous organic network composites for high performance liquid chromatography. Talanta 2021; 221:121570. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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In situ growth of COF-rLZU1 on the surface of silica sphere as stationary phase for high performance liquid chromatography. Talanta 2021; 221:121612. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Li H, Li T, Shi X, Xu G. Recent development of nanoparticle-assisted metabolites analysis with mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1636:461785. [PMID: 33340742 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics systematically studies the changes of metabolites in biological systems in the temporal or spatial dimensions. It is a challenging task for comprehensive analysis of metabolomics because of diverse physicochemical properties and wide concentration distribution of metabolites. Used as enrichment sorbents, chemoselective probes, chromatographic stationary phases, MS ionization matrix, nanomaterials play excellent roles in improving the selectivity, separation performance, detection sensitivity and identification efficiency of metabolites when mass spectrometry is employed as the detection technique. This review summarized the recent development of nanoparticle-assisted metabolites analysis in terms of assisting the pretreatment of biological samples, improving the separation performance and enhancing the MALDI-MS detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- SUSTech Core Research Facilities, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Ting Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xianzhe Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Guowang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
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42
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Liu Y, Zhou W, Teo WL, Wang K, Zhang L, Zeng Y, Zhao Y. Covalent-Organic-Framework-Based Composite Materials. Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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43
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Jarju JJ, Lavender AM, Espiña B, Romero V, Salonen LM. Covalent Organic Framework Composites: Synthesis and Analytical Applications. Molecules 2020; 25:E5404. [PMID: 33218211 PMCID: PMC7699276 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In the recent years, composite materials containing covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have raised increasing interest for analytical applications. To date, various synthesis techniques have emerged that allow for the preparation of crystalline and porous COF composites with various materials. Herein, we summarize the most common methods used to gain access to crystalline COF composites with magnetic nanoparticles, other oxide materials, graphene and graphene oxide, and metal nanoparticles. Additionally, some examples of stainless steel, polymer, and metal-organic framework composites are presented. Thereafter, we discuss the use of these composites for chromatographic separation, environmental remediation, and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni J. Jarju
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (J.J.J.); (A.M.L.); (B.E.)
| | - Ana M. Lavender
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (J.J.J.); (A.M.L.); (B.E.)
| | - Begoña Espiña
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (J.J.J.); (A.M.L.); (B.E.)
| | - Vanesa Romero
- Department of Food and Analytical Chemistry, Marine Research Center (CIM), University of Vigo, As Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Laura M. Salonen
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (J.J.J.); (A.M.L.); (B.E.)
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Solid phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water samples by a fiber coated with covalent organic framework modified graphitic carbon nitride. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1628:461428. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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45
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González-Sálamo J, Jiménez-Skrzypek G, Ortega-Zamora C, González-Curbelo MÁ, Hernández-Borges J. Covalent Organic Frameworks in Sample Preparation. Molecules 2020; 25:E3288. [PMID: 32698393 PMCID: PMC7397186 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) can be classified as emerging porous crystalline polymers with extremely high porosity and surface area size, and good thermal stability. These properties have awakened the interests of many areas, opening new horizons of research and applications. In the Analytical Chemistry field, COFs have found an important application in sample preparation approaches since their inherent properties clearly match, in a good number of cases, with the ideal characteristics of any extraction or clean-up sorbent. The review article is meant to provide a detailed overview of the different COFs that have been used up to now for sample preparation (i.e., solid-phase extraction in its most relevant operational modes-conventional, dispersive, magnetic/solid-phase microextraction and stir-bar sorptive extraction); the extraction devices/formats in which they have been applied; and their performances and suitability for this task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier González-Sálamo
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n°, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain; (G.J.-S.); (C.O.-Z.)
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n°, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Gabriel Jiménez-Skrzypek
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n°, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain; (G.J.-S.); (C.O.-Z.)
| | - Cecilia Ortega-Zamora
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n°, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain; (G.J.-S.); (C.O.-Z.)
| | - Miguel Ángel González-Curbelo
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad EAN, Calle 79 n° 11-45, 110221 Bogotá D.C., Colombia;
| | - Javier Hernández-Borges
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n°, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain; (G.J.-S.); (C.O.-Z.)
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n°, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
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46
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Zheng R, Feng D, Xia Y. Fe(III)‐Functionalized Magnetic Covalent Organic Frameworks for Fast Adsorption and Removal of Phenylbutazone in Aqueous Solution. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202001671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Zheng
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Dan Feng
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yan Xia
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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47
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Ma M, Du Y, Zhang L, Gan J, Yang J. β-Cyclodextrin covalent organic framework-modified organic polymer monolith as a stationary phase for combined hydrophilic and hydrophobic aqueous capillary electrochromatographic separation of small molecules. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:385. [PMID: 32533434 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04360-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A β-Cyclodextrin covalent organic framework (β-CD COF) was successfully prepared under ambient temperature with a mild chemistry strategy from heptakis(6-amino-6-deoxy)-β-cyclodextrin and terephthalaldehyde. It was embedded into the poly[(glycidyl methacrylate)-co-(ethylene dimethacrylate)] [poly(GMA-co-EDMA)] monolith and served as the β-CD COF material-incorporated monolith. The synthetic materials were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray mapping analysis, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm. The β-CD COF material-incorporated monolith achieved baseline separation in capillary electrochromatographic separation of three amides, three amino acids, three nucleosides, four aromatic acids, and three positional isomers (with resolution values of three amides, 1.75 and 1.54; three amino acids, 5.24 and 1.75; three nucleosides, 2.56 and 1.77; four aromatic acids, 6.96, 2.74, and 1.64; three positional isomers, 1.61 and 1.50). In comparison with the original monolith, the β-CD COF material-incorporated monolith shows significantly enhanced resolution for mixed molecules. The effect of pH and concentration of buffer and applied voltage were discussed in detail. The fabricated monolith showed good stability and reproducibility (relative standard deviation (RSD) < 6.9%). Molecular modeling illuminated the interactions between the small molecules and stationary phase, and provided a sufficient theoretical basis for experimental data. Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of the preparation of β-cyclodextrin covalent organic framework (β-CD COF) material-incorporated organic polymer monolith for separating the amides, amino acids, nucleosides, aromatic acids, and positional isomers. β-CD COF materials were synthesized and incorporated into the monolith as the stationary phase. Then, the incorporated monolith was applied in the capillary electrochromatography system for separating small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxiang Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Gan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangxia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China
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48
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Abstract
In the wake of sustainable development, materials research is going through a green revolution that is putting energy-efficient and environmentally friendly materials and methods in the limelight. In this quest for greener alternatives, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as a new generation of designable crystalline porous polymers for a wide array of clean-energy and environmental applications. In this contribution, we categorically review the merits and shortcomings of COF bulk powders, nanosheets, freestanding thin films/membranes, and membranes on porous supports in various separation processes, including separation of gases, pervaporation, organic solvent nanofiltration, water purification, radionuclide sequestration, and chiral separations, with particular reference to COF material pore size, host–guest interactions, stability, selectivity, and permeability. This review covers the fabrication strategies of nanosheets, films, and membranes, as well as performance parameters, and provides an overview of the separation landscape with COFs in relation to other porous polymers, while seeking to interpret the future research opportunities in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Das
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China;, ,
| | - Jie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China;, ,
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China;, ,
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49
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Photochemical synthesis of magnetic covalent organic framework/carbon nanotube composite and its enrichment of heterocyclic aromatic amines in food samples. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1618:460867. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.460867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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50
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Wang Z, Zhang S, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Ma S. Covalent organic frameworks for separation applications. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:708-735. [PMID: 31993598 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00827f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 544] [Impact Index Per Article: 136.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an emerging class of crystalline porous polymers with highly tuneable structures and functionalities. COFs have been proposed as ideal materials for applications in the energy-intensive field of molecular separation due to their notable intrinsic features such as low density, exceptional stability, high surface area, and readily adjustable pore size and chemical environment. This review attempts to highlight the key advancements made in the synthesis of COFs for diverse separation applications such as water treatment or the separation of gas mixtures and organic molecules, including chiral and isomeric compounds. Methods proposed for the fabrication of COF-based columns and continuous membranes for practical applications are also discussed in detail. Finally, a perspective regarding the remaining challenges and future directions for COF research in the field of separation has also been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.
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