The relationship between body dysmorphic disorder symptoms and 'not just right' experiences in a sample of individuals seeking cosmetic surgery and aesthetic medicine procedures

Body Dysmorphic Disorder in Aesthetic and Reconstructive Plastic Surgery-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

(1) Background: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) presents significant challenges in aesthetic and reconstructive plastic surgery, impacting patient outcomes and well-being. Understanding its prevalence and associated factors is crucial for effective patient care. (2) Methods: A systematic review of national and international databases on body dysmorphic disorder, plastic surgery, cosmetic surgery, reconstructive surgery, and prevalence yielded 999 studies between 1878 and April 2024. Inclusion criteria focused on studies reporting prevalence while excluding those with small sample sizes (<20 participants), unclear diagnostic criteria for BDD, and non-English accessibility. (3) Results: A meta-analysis using a random effects model was conducted on 65 studies involving 17,107 patients to estimate the prevalence of BDD. The overall estimated prevalence of BDD was 18.6%; 10,776 (62.9%) were females, with a mean age of 35.5 ± 11.7 years. Subgroup meta-analysis found significant variability in effect sizes across countries and types of specialty, of which Brazil showed the highest proportion and dermatology exhibited the smallest. Meta-regression analysis found no significant relationship between the year of publication and prevalence rates. (4) Conclusions: Our findings update the current literature on BDD prevalence in aesthetic and reconstructive plastic surgery. We emphasize the importance of proactive screening and multidisciplinary care approaches to address the complex challenges posed by patients with BDD. Further research is needed to explore evolving trends in BDD prevalence and factors influencing its expression across different cultural contexts.

The Prevalence of Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Its Associated Risk Factors Among Dental Patients: Why Are My Patients Not Satisfied?

BACKGROUND

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a common disorder that consists of a distressing or impairing preoccupation with imagined or slight defects in appearance. In dentistry, those patients will have unrealistic expectations and usually will be unsatisfied with the outcomes of dental treatment. This study investigated the prevalence of BDD and its associated factors among dental patients.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

In this cross-sectional survey-based study, a purposive sample was used to recruit adult patients seeking dental treatment in private and public facilities. Data was collected using the validated Arabic version of the Cosmetic Procedure Screening Questionnaire (COPS) for Body Dysmorphic Disorder, a validated nine-item self-administrated instrument that is scored from zero (least impaired) to five (most impaired). Chi-Square, Mann-Whitney U, and Fisher's Exact tests were used to compare the associations between the study variables and BDD.

RESULTS

A total of 507 patients responded to the questionnaire. The prevalence of BDD was 34.1%. The average age of the participants was 35.2 years; the majority were males 290 (57%) and Saudis 436 (86%) with a college education 304 (60%). None of the demographics was associated with BDD but the type of treatment was significantly associated with BDD with teeth crowning and restorations.

CONCLUSION

This study provides insights into the prevalence of BDD and its associated factors among dental patients in Eastern Saudi Arabia. The findings highlight the need for further research to better understand the factors contributing to the development of BDD and to guide prevention and intervention strategies in dental settings.