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Khalil SM, Qin X, Hakenjos JM, Wang J, Hu Z, Liu X, Wang J, Maletic-Savatic M, MacKenzie KR, Matzuk MM, Li F. MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry Visualizes the Distribution of Antidepressant Duloxetine and Its Major Metabolites in Mouse Brain, Liver, Kidney, and Spleen Tissues. Drug Metab Dispos 2024; 52:673-680. [PMID: 38658163 PMCID: PMC11185819 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.124.001719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is a powerful tool for mapping the spatial distribution of unlabeled drugs and metabolites that may find application in assessing drug delivery, explaining drug efficacy, and identifying potential toxicity. This study focuses on determining the spatial distribution of the antidepressant duloxetine, which is widely prescribed despite common adverse effects (liver injury, constant headaches) whose mechanisms are not fully understood. We used high-resolution IMS with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization to examine the distribution of duloxetine and its major metabolites in four mouse organs where it may contribute to efficacy or toxicity: brain, liver, kidney, and spleen. In none of these tissues is duloxetine or its metabolites homogeneously distributed, which has implications for both efficacy and toxicity. We found duloxetine to be similarly distributed in spleen red pulp and white pulp but differentially distributed in different anatomic regions of the liver, kidney, and brain, with dose-dependent patterns. Comparison with hematoxylin and eosin staining of tissue sections reveals that the ion images of endogenous lipids help delineate anatomic regions in the brain and kidney, while heme ion images assist in differentiating regions within the spleen. These endogenous metabolites may serve as a valuable resource for examining the spatial distribution of other drugs in tissues when staining images are not available. These findings may facilitate future mechanistic studies of the therapeutic and adverse effects of duloxetine. In the current work, we did not perform absolute quantification of duloxetine, which will be reported in due course. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The study utilized imaging mass spectrometry to examine the spatial distribution of duloxetine and its primary metabolites in mouse brain, liver, kidney, and spleen. These results may pave the way for future investigations into the mechanisms behind duloxetine's therapeutic and adverse effects. Furthermore, the mass spectrometry images of specific endogenous metabolites such as heme could be valuable in analyzing the spatial distribution of other drugs within tissues in scenarios where histological staining images are unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh M Khalil
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology and Immunology (S.M.K., X.Q., J.M.H., Jia.W., M.M.-S., K.R.M., M.M.M., F.L.), NMR and Drug Metabolism Core, Advanced Technology Cores (X.Q., J.M.H., Jia.W., K.R.M., F.L.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (Jin.W., K.R.M., M.M.M., F.L.), Department of Pediatrics (S.M.K., M.M.-S.), and Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine (Z.H.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurologic Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas (M.M.-S.); and Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (X.L.)
| | - Xuan Qin
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology and Immunology (S.M.K., X.Q., J.M.H., Jia.W., M.M.-S., K.R.M., M.M.M., F.L.), NMR and Drug Metabolism Core, Advanced Technology Cores (X.Q., J.M.H., Jia.W., K.R.M., F.L.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (Jin.W., K.R.M., M.M.M., F.L.), Department of Pediatrics (S.M.K., M.M.-S.), and Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine (Z.H.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurologic Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas (M.M.-S.); and Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (X.L.)
| | - John M Hakenjos
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology and Immunology (S.M.K., X.Q., J.M.H., Jia.W., M.M.-S., K.R.M., M.M.M., F.L.), NMR and Drug Metabolism Core, Advanced Technology Cores (X.Q., J.M.H., Jia.W., K.R.M., F.L.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (Jin.W., K.R.M., M.M.M., F.L.), Department of Pediatrics (S.M.K., M.M.-S.), and Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine (Z.H.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurologic Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas (M.M.-S.); and Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (X.L.)
| | - Jian Wang
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology and Immunology (S.M.K., X.Q., J.M.H., Jia.W., M.M.-S., K.R.M., M.M.M., F.L.), NMR and Drug Metabolism Core, Advanced Technology Cores (X.Q., J.M.H., Jia.W., K.R.M., F.L.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (Jin.W., K.R.M., M.M.M., F.L.), Department of Pediatrics (S.M.K., M.M.-S.), and Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine (Z.H.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurologic Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas (M.M.-S.); and Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (X.L.)
| | - Zhaoyong Hu
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology and Immunology (S.M.K., X.Q., J.M.H., Jia.W., M.M.-S., K.R.M., M.M.M., F.L.), NMR and Drug Metabolism Core, Advanced Technology Cores (X.Q., J.M.H., Jia.W., K.R.M., F.L.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (Jin.W., K.R.M., M.M.M., F.L.), Department of Pediatrics (S.M.K., M.M.-S.), and Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine (Z.H.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurologic Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas (M.M.-S.); and Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (X.L.)
| | - Xinli Liu
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology and Immunology (S.M.K., X.Q., J.M.H., Jia.W., M.M.-S., K.R.M., M.M.M., F.L.), NMR and Drug Metabolism Core, Advanced Technology Cores (X.Q., J.M.H., Jia.W., K.R.M., F.L.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (Jin.W., K.R.M., M.M.M., F.L.), Department of Pediatrics (S.M.K., M.M.-S.), and Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine (Z.H.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurologic Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas (M.M.-S.); and Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (X.L.)
| | - Jin Wang
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology and Immunology (S.M.K., X.Q., J.M.H., Jia.W., M.M.-S., K.R.M., M.M.M., F.L.), NMR and Drug Metabolism Core, Advanced Technology Cores (X.Q., J.M.H., Jia.W., K.R.M., F.L.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (Jin.W., K.R.M., M.M.M., F.L.), Department of Pediatrics (S.M.K., M.M.-S.), and Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine (Z.H.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurologic Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas (M.M.-S.); and Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (X.L.)
| | - Mirjana Maletic-Savatic
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology and Immunology (S.M.K., X.Q., J.M.H., Jia.W., M.M.-S., K.R.M., M.M.M., F.L.), NMR and Drug Metabolism Core, Advanced Technology Cores (X.Q., J.M.H., Jia.W., K.R.M., F.L.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (Jin.W., K.R.M., M.M.M., F.L.), Department of Pediatrics (S.M.K., M.M.-S.), and Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine (Z.H.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurologic Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas (M.M.-S.); and Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (X.L.)
| | - Kevin R MacKenzie
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology and Immunology (S.M.K., X.Q., J.M.H., Jia.W., M.M.-S., K.R.M., M.M.M., F.L.), NMR and Drug Metabolism Core, Advanced Technology Cores (X.Q., J.M.H., Jia.W., K.R.M., F.L.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (Jin.W., K.R.M., M.M.M., F.L.), Department of Pediatrics (S.M.K., M.M.-S.), and Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine (Z.H.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurologic Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas (M.M.-S.); and Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (X.L.)
| | - Martin M Matzuk
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology and Immunology (S.M.K., X.Q., J.M.H., Jia.W., M.M.-S., K.R.M., M.M.M., F.L.), NMR and Drug Metabolism Core, Advanced Technology Cores (X.Q., J.M.H., Jia.W., K.R.M., F.L.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (Jin.W., K.R.M., M.M.M., F.L.), Department of Pediatrics (S.M.K., M.M.-S.), and Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine (Z.H.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurologic Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas (M.M.-S.); and Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (X.L.)
| | - Feng Li
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology and Immunology (S.M.K., X.Q., J.M.H., Jia.W., M.M.-S., K.R.M., M.M.M., F.L.), NMR and Drug Metabolism Core, Advanced Technology Cores (X.Q., J.M.H., Jia.W., K.R.M., F.L.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (Jin.W., K.R.M., M.M.M., F.L.), Department of Pediatrics (S.M.K., M.M.-S.), and Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine (Z.H.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurologic Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas (M.M.-S.); and Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (X.L.)
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Yue X, Stauff E, Boyapati S, Langhans SA, Xu W, Makrogiannis S, Okorie UJ, Okorie AM, Kandula VVR, Kecskemethy HH, Nikam RM, Averill LW, Shaffer TH. PET Imaging of Neurofibromatosis Type 1 with a Fluorine-18 Labeled Tryptophan Radiotracer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:685. [PMID: 38931352 PMCID: PMC11206478 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a neurocutaneous disorder. Plexiform neurofibromas (PNFs) are benign tumors commonly formed in patients with NF1. PNFs have a high incidence of developing into malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) with a 5-year survival rate of only 30%. Therefore, the accurate diagnosis and differentiation of MPNSTs from benign PNFs are critical to patient management. We studied a fluorine-18 labeled tryptophan positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer, 1-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tryptophan (L-[18F]FETrp), to detect NF1-associated tumors in an animal model. An ex vivo biodistribution study of L-[18F]FETrp showed a similar tracer distribution and kinetics between the wild-type and triple mutant mice with the highest uptake in the pancreas. Bone uptake was stable. Brain uptake was low during the 90-min uptake period. Static PET imaging at 60 min post-injection showed L-[18F]FETrp had a comparable tumor uptake with [1⁸F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). However, L-[18F]FETrp showed a significantly higher tumor-to-brain ratio than FDG (n = 4, p < 0.05). Sixty-minute-long dynamic PET scans using the two radiotracers showed similar kidney, liver, and lung kinetics. A dysregulated tryptophan metabolism in NF1 mice was further confirmed using immunohistostaining. L-[18F]FETrp is warranted to further investigate differentiating malignant NF1 tumors from benign PNFs. The study may reveal the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway as a therapeutic target for treating NF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyi Yue
- Department of Radiology, Nemours Children’s Health, Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (E.S.); (S.B.); (W.X.); (V.V.R.K.); (H.H.K.); (R.M.N.); (L.W.A.)
- Diagnostic & Research PET/MR Center, Nemours Children’s Health, Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA;
| | - Erik Stauff
- Department of Radiology, Nemours Children’s Health, Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (E.S.); (S.B.); (W.X.); (V.V.R.K.); (H.H.K.); (R.M.N.); (L.W.A.)
- Diagnostic & Research PET/MR Center, Nemours Children’s Health, Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA;
| | - Shriya Boyapati
- Department of Radiology, Nemours Children’s Health, Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (E.S.); (S.B.); (W.X.); (V.V.R.K.); (H.H.K.); (R.M.N.); (L.W.A.)
| | - Sigrid A. Langhans
- Diagnostic & Research PET/MR Center, Nemours Children’s Health, Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA;
- Division of Neurology, Nemours Children’s Health, Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Wenqi Xu
- Department of Radiology, Nemours Children’s Health, Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (E.S.); (S.B.); (W.X.); (V.V.R.K.); (H.H.K.); (R.M.N.); (L.W.A.)
- Diagnostic & Research PET/MR Center, Nemours Children’s Health, Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA;
| | - Sokratis Makrogiannis
- Division of Physics, Engineering, Mathematics, and Computer Science, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, USA; (S.M.); (U.J.O.); (A.M.O.)
| | - Uchenna J. Okorie
- Division of Physics, Engineering, Mathematics, and Computer Science, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, USA; (S.M.); (U.J.O.); (A.M.O.)
| | - Azubuike M. Okorie
- Division of Physics, Engineering, Mathematics, and Computer Science, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, USA; (S.M.); (U.J.O.); (A.M.O.)
| | - Vinay V. R. Kandula
- Department of Radiology, Nemours Children’s Health, Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (E.S.); (S.B.); (W.X.); (V.V.R.K.); (H.H.K.); (R.M.N.); (L.W.A.)
| | - Heidi H. Kecskemethy
- Department of Radiology, Nemours Children’s Health, Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (E.S.); (S.B.); (W.X.); (V.V.R.K.); (H.H.K.); (R.M.N.); (L.W.A.)
- Diagnostic & Research PET/MR Center, Nemours Children’s Health, Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA;
| | - Rahul M. Nikam
- Department of Radiology, Nemours Children’s Health, Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (E.S.); (S.B.); (W.X.); (V.V.R.K.); (H.H.K.); (R.M.N.); (L.W.A.)
- Diagnostic & Research PET/MR Center, Nemours Children’s Health, Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA;
| | - Lauren W. Averill
- Department of Radiology, Nemours Children’s Health, Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (E.S.); (S.B.); (W.X.); (V.V.R.K.); (H.H.K.); (R.M.N.); (L.W.A.)
- Diagnostic & Research PET/MR Center, Nemours Children’s Health, Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA;
| | - Thomas H. Shaffer
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Nemours Children’s Health, Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA;
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5
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Stéen EJL, Park AY, Beaino W, Gadhe CG, Kooijman E, Schuit RC, Schreurs M, Leferink P, Hoozemans JJM, Kim JE, Lee J, Windhorst AD. Development of 18F-Labeled PET Tracer Candidates for Imaging of the Abelson Non-receptor Tyrosine Kinase in Parkinson's Disease. J Med Chem 2023; 66:12990-13006. [PMID: 37712438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Activated Abelson non-receptor tyrosine kinase (c-Abl) plays a harmful role in neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Inhibition of c-Abl is reported to have a neuroprotective effect and be a promising therapeutic strategy for PD. We have previously identified a series of benzo[d]thiazole derivatives as selective c-Abl inhibitors from which one compound showed high therapeutic potential. Herein, we report the development of a complementary positron emission tomography (PET) tracer. In total, three PET tracer candidates were developed and eventually radiolabeled with fluorine-18 for in vivo evaluation studies in mice. Candidate [18F]3 was identified as the most promising compound, since it showed sufficient brain uptake, good washout kinetics, and satisfactory metabolic stability. In conclusion, we believe this tracer provides a good starting point to further validate and explore c-Abl as a target for therapeutic strategies against PD supported by PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Johanna L Stéen
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Yeong Park
- 1ST Biotherapeutics Inc. 240 Pangyoyeok-ro A-313, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13493, Republic of Korea
| | - Wissam Beaino
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Changdev Gorakshnath Gadhe
- 1ST Biotherapeutics Inc. 240 Pangyoyeok-ro A-313, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13493, Republic of Korea
| | - Esther Kooijman
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert C Schuit
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maxime Schreurs
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Prisca Leferink
- Industry Alliance Office, Amsterdam UMC location, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J M Hoozemans
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC location, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jae Eun Kim
- 1ST Biotherapeutics Inc. 240 Pangyoyeok-ro A-313, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13493, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhwa Lee
- 1ST Biotherapeutics Inc. 240 Pangyoyeok-ro A-313, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13493, Republic of Korea
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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