1
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Wang W, Yang W, Zhang Z, Dai J, Xu Y, Zhang J. Amplifying dual-visible-light photoswitching in aqueous media via confinement promoted triplet-triplet energy transfer. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5539-5547. [PMID: 38638239 PMCID: PMC11023046 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00423j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Achieving visible-light photochromism is a long-term goal of chemists keen to exploit the opportunities of molecular photoswitches in multi-disciplinary research studies. Triplet-sensitization offers a flexible approach to building diverse visible-light photoswitches using existing photochromic scaffolds, circumventing the need for sophisticated molecular design and synthesis. Unfortunately, distance-dependence and environment-sensitivity of triplet-excited species remain as key challenges that severely impair sensitization efficiency and limit their practical availability. We present herein a nature-inspired nanoconfinement strategy in which a triplet-sensitized visible-light photoswitch/sensitizer system is assembled into nanoconfined micelles (d ∼ 40 nm). A ca. 10-fold efficiency increase of triplet-triplet energy transfer for photochromism as well as an amplified fluorescence on/off contrast upon bi-directional visible-light excitation (470/560 nm) was achieved in full aqueous media. By virtue of this, the hybrid photoswitchable system is successfully applied for both flash information encryption and multiple dynamic cell imaging assays, further proving its versatility in materials and life science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Weixin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Jinghong Dai
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Yisheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Junji Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
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2
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Gemen J, Church JR, Ruoko TP, Durandin N, Białek MJ, Weißenfels M, Feller M, Kazes M, Odaybat M, Borin VA, Kalepu R, Diskin-Posner Y, Oron D, Fuchter MJ, Priimagi A, Schapiro I, Klajn R. Disequilibrating azobenzenes by visible-light sensitization under confinement. Science 2023; 381:1357-1363. [PMID: 37733864 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh9059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Photoisomerization of azobenzenes from their stable E isomer to the metastable Z state is the basis of numerous applications of these molecules. However, this reaction typically requires ultraviolet light, which limits applicability. In this study, we introduce disequilibration by sensitization under confinement (DESC), a supramolecular approach to induce the E-to-Z isomerization by using light of a desired color, including red. DESC relies on a combination of a macrocyclic host and a photosensitizer, which act together to selectively bind and sensitize E-azobenzenes for isomerization. The Z isomer lacks strong affinity for and is expelled from the host, which can then convert additional E-azobenzenes to the Z state. In this way, the host-photosensitizer complex converts photon energy into chemical energy in the form of out-of-equilibrium photostationary states, including ones that cannot be accessed through direct photoexcitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Gemen
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Jonathan R Church
- Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics Research, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Tero-Petri Ruoko
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, 33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Nikita Durandin
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, 33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Michał J Białek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maren Weißenfels
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Moran Feller
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Miri Kazes
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Magdalena Odaybat
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 7SL, UK
| | - Veniamin A Borin
- Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics Research, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Rishir Kalepu
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yael Diskin-Posner
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Dan Oron
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Matthew J Fuchter
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 7SL, UK
| | - Arri Priimagi
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, 33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Igor Schapiro
- Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics Research, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Rafal Klajn
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
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3
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Filiba O, Borin VA, Schapiro I. The involvement of triplet states in the isomerization of retinaloids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:26223-26231. [PMID: 36278932 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03791b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Rhodopsins form a family of photoreceptor proteins which utilize the retinal chromophore for light energy conversion. Upon light absorption the retinal chromophore undergoes a photoisomerization. This reaction involves a non-radiative relaxation through a conical intersection between the singlet excited state and the ground state. In this work we studied the possible involvement of triplet states in the photoisomerization of retinaloids using the extended multistate (XMS) version of CASPT2. To this end, truncated models of three retinaloids were considered: protonated Schiff base, deprotonated Schiff base and the aldehyde form. The optimized geometries of the reactant, the product and the conical intersection were connected by a linear interpolation of internal coordinates to describe the isomerization. The energetic position of the low-lying singlet and triplet states as well as their spin-orbit coupling matrix elements (SOCME) were calculated along the isomerization profile. The SOCME values peaked in vicinity of the conical intersection for all the retinaloids. Furthermore, the magnitude of SOCME is invariant to the number of double bonds in the model. The SOCME for the protonated Schiff base is negligible (1.5 cm-1) which renders the involvement of the triplet state as improbable. However, the largest SOCME value of 30 cm-1 was found for the aldehyde form, followed by 15 cm-1 for the deprotonated Schiff base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Filiba
- Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics and Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Veniamin A Borin
- Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics and Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Igor Schapiro
- Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics and Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel.
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4
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Bejarano F, Gutiérrez D, Catalán-Toledo J, Roca-Sanjuán D, Gierschner J, Veciana J, Mas-Torrent M, Rovira C, Crivillers N. Photoswitching activation of a ferrocenyl-stilbene analogue by its covalent grafting to gold. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:6185-6192. [PMID: 35229090 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05012e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Until now, surface-deposited stilbenes have been much less studied than other photochromic systems. Here, an asymmetrically substituted styrene incorporating a redox-active ferrocene moiety and a terminal alkyne group has been synthesised to investigate its photoisomerization in solution, and upon the formation of chemisorbed self-assembled monolayers through a carbon-gold bond formation. Charge transport measurements across the monolayers reveal that upon chemical linkage to the gold substrate there is an alteration of the isomerization pathway, which favours the trans to cis conversion, which is not observed in solution. The experimental observations are interpreted based on quantum chemistry calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Bejarano
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) and CIBER-BBN, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Diego Gutiérrez
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) and CIBER-BBN, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain. .,Leitat Technological Center (LEITAT), Carrer Innovació, 2, 08225 Terrassa, Spain
| | - José Catalán-Toledo
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) and CIBER-BBN, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Daniel Roca-Sanjuán
- Institute of Molecular Science, University of Valencia, P.O. Box 22085, ES-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - Johannes Gierschner
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies, IMDEA Nanoscience, Calle Faraday 9, Campus Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jaume Veciana
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) and CIBER-BBN, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Marta Mas-Torrent
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) and CIBER-BBN, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Concepció Rovira
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) and CIBER-BBN, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Núria Crivillers
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) and CIBER-BBN, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
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5
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Zapata F, Nucci M, Castaño O, Marazzi M, Frutos LM. Thermal and Mechanochemical Tuning of the Porphyrin Singlet-Triplet Gap for Selective Energy Transfer Processes: A Molecular Dynamics Approach. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:5429-5439. [PMID: 34351751 PMCID: PMC8919258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations provide fundamental knowledge on the reaction mechanism of a given simulated molecular process. Nevertheless, other methodologies based on the "static" exploration of potential energy surfaces are usually employed to firmly provide the reaction coordinate directly related to the reaction mechanism, as is the case in intrinsic reaction coordinates for thermally activated reactions. Photoinduced processes in molecular systems can also be studied with these two strategies, as is the case in the triplet energy transfer process. Triplet energy transfer is a fundamental photophysical process in photochemistry and photobiology, being for instance involved in photodynamic therapy, when generating the highly reactive singlet oxygen species. Here, we study the triplet energy transfer process between porphyrin, a prototypical energy transfer donor, and different biologically relevant acceptors, including molecular oxygen, carotenoids, and rhodopsin. The results obtained by means of nanosecond time-scale molecular dynamics simulations are compared to the "static" determination of the reaction coordinate for such a thermal process, leading to the distortions determining an effective energy transfer. This knowledge was finally applied to propose porphyrin derivatives for producing the required structural modifications in order to tune their singlet-triplet energy gap, thus introducing a mechanochemical description of the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Zapata
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km 33.600, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid E28805, Spain
| | - Martina Nucci
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km 33.600, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid E28805, Spain
| | - Obis Castaño
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km 33.600, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid E28805, Spain
| | - Marco Marazzi
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km 33.600, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid E28805, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Rio" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km 33.600, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid E-28805, Spain
| | - Luis Manuel Frutos
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km 33.600, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid E28805, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Rio" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km 33.600, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid E-28805, Spain
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6
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Hernández-Rodríguez EW, Escorcia AM, van der Kamp MW, Montero-Alejo AL, Caballero J. Multi-scale simulation reveals that an amino acid substitution increases photosensitizing reaction inputs in Rhodopsins. J Comput Chem 2020; 41:2278-2295. [PMID: 32757375 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Evaluating the availability of molecular oxygen (O2 ) and energy of excited states in the retinal binding site of rhodopsin is a crucial challenging first step to understand photosensitizing reactions in wild-type (WT) and mutant rhodopsins by absorbing visible light. In the present work, energies of the ground and excited states related to 11-cis-retinal and the O2 accessibility to the β-ionone ring are evaluated inside WT and human M207R mutant rhodopsins. Putative O2 pathways within rhodopsins are identified by using molecular dynamics simulations, Voronoi-diagram analysis, and implicit ligand sampling while retinal energetic properties are investigated through density functional theory, and quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical methods. Here, the predictions reveal that an amino acid substitution can lead to enough energy and O2 accessibility in the core hosting retinal of mutant rhodopsins to favor the photosensitized singlet oxygen generation, which can be useful in understanding retinal degeneration mechanisms and in designing blue-lighting-absorbing proteic photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erix W Hernández-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Química Computacional, Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Andrés M Escorcia
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Ana L Montero-Alejo
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Matemática y del Medio Ambiente (FCNMM), Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Julio Caballero
- Departamento de Bioinformática, Centro de Bioinformática, Simulación y Modelado (CBSM), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
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7
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Marazzi M, Gattuso H, Giussani A, Zhang H, Navarrete-Miguel M, Chipot C, Cai W, Roca-Sanjuán D, Dehez F, Monari A. Induced Night Vision by Singlet-Oxygen-Mediated Activation of Rhodopsin. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:7133-7140. [PMID: 31652065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In humans, vision is limited to a small fraction of the whole electromagnetic spectrum. One possible strategy for enhancing vision in deep-red or poor-light conditions consists of recruiting chlorophyll derivatives in the rod photoreceptor cells of the eye, as suggested in the case of some deep-sea fish. Here, we employ all-atom molecular simulations and high-level quantum chemistry calculations to rationalize how chlorin e6 (Ce6), widely used in photodynamic therapy although accompanied by enhanced visual sensitivity, mediates vision in the dark, shining light on a fascinating but largely unknown molecular mechanism. First, we identify persistent interaction sites between Ce6 and the extracellular loops of rhodopsin, the transmembrane photoreceptor protein responsible for the first steps in vision. Triggered by Ce6 deep-red light absorption, the retinal within rhodopsin can be isomerized thus starting the visual phototransduction cascade. Our data largely exclude previously hypothesized energy-transfer mechanisms while clearly lending credence to a retinal isomerization indirectly triggered by singlet oxygen, proposing an alternative mechanism to rationalize photosensitizer-mediated night vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Marazzi
- LPCT , UMR 7019, Université de Lorraine and CNRS, F-54000 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy , France
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra , Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33,600 , E-28805 Alcalá de Henares ( Madrid ), Spain
- Chemical Research Institute "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR) , Universidad de Alcalá , E-28871 Alcalá de Henares ( Madrid ), Spain
| | - Hugo Gattuso
- LPCT , UMR 7019, Université de Lorraine and CNRS, F-54000 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy , France
| | - Angelo Giussani
- Institut de Ciència Molecular , Universitat de València , P.O. Box 22085 València , Spain
| | - Hong Zhang
- LPCT , UMR 7019, Université de Lorraine and CNRS, F-54000 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy , France
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | | | - Christophe Chipot
- LPCT , UMR 7019, Université de Lorraine and CNRS, F-54000 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy , France
- Laboratoire International Associé CNRS and University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , F-54000 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy , France
- Department of Physics , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 1110 West Green Street , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Wensheng Cai
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Daniel Roca-Sanjuán
- Institut de Ciència Molecular , Universitat de València , P.O. Box 22085 València , Spain
| | - François Dehez
- LPCT , UMR 7019, Université de Lorraine and CNRS, F-54000 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy , France
- Laboratoire International Associé CNRS and University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , F-54000 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy , France
| | - Antonio Monari
- LPCT , UMR 7019, Université de Lorraine and CNRS, F-54000 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy , France
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