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Chen C, Yu M, Li Q, Zhou Y, Zhang M, Cai S, Yu J, Huang Z, Liu J, Kuang Y, Tang X, Chen W. Programmable Tetrahedral DNA-RNA Nanocages Woven with Stimuli-Responsive siRNA for Enhancing Therapeutic Efficacy of Multidrug-Resistant Tumors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2404112. [PMID: 38923806 PMCID: PMC11348235 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202404112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle limiting the effectiveness of chemotherapy against cancer. The combination strategy of chemotherapeutic agents and siRNA targeting drug efflux has emerged as an effective cancer treatment to overcome MDR. Herein, stimuli-responsive programmable tetrahedral DNA-RNA nanocages (TDRN) have been rationally designed and developed for dynamic co-delivery of the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) siRNA. Specifically, the sense and antisense strand sequences of the P-gp siRNA, which are programmable bricks with terminal disulfide bond conjugation, are precisely embedded in one edge of the DNA tetrahedron. TDRN provides a stimuli-responsive release element for dynamic control of functional cargo P-gp siRNA that is significantly more stable than the "tail-like" TDN nanostructures. The stable and highly rigid 3D nanostructure of the siRNA-organized TDRN nanocages demonstrated a notable improvement in the stability of RNase A and mouse serum, as well as long-term storage stability for up to 4 weeks, as evidenced by this study. These biocompatible and multifunctional TDRN nanocarriers with gold nanocluster-assisted delivery (TDRN@Dox@AuNCp) are successfully used to achieve synergistic RNAi/Chemo-therapy in vitro and in vivo. This programmable TDRN drug delivery system, which integrates RNAi therapy and chemotherapy, offers a promising approach for treating multidrug-resistant tumors.
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MESH Headings
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/administration & dosage
- RNA, Small Interfering/chemistry
- Animals
- Mice
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/drug effects
- DNA/genetics
- DNA/chemistry
- Humans
- Nanostructures/chemistry
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Disease Models, Animal
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Neoplasms/therapy
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Drug Delivery Systems/methods
- Mice, Nude
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Affiliation(s)
- Changmai Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, School of PharmacyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhou350122China
| | - Maocheng Yu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, School of PharmacyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhou350122China
| | - Qing Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, School of PharmacyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhou350122China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, School of PharmacyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhou350122China
| | - Mengting Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, School of PharmacyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhou350122China
| | - Shanyu Cai
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, School of PharmacyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhou350122China
| | - Jiaojiao Yu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, School of PharmacyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhou350122China
| | - Zhongnan Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, School of PharmacyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhou350122China
| | - Jiaan Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, School of PharmacyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhou350122China
| | - Ye Kuang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, School of PharmacyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhou350122China
| | - Xinjing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100191China
| | - Wei Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, School of PharmacyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhou350122China
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2
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Sun YJ, Chen WD, Liu J, Li JJ, Zhang Y, Cai WQ, Liu L, Tang XJ, Hou J, Wang M, Cheng L. A Conformational Restriction Strategy for the Control of CRISPR/Cas Gene Editing with Photoactivatable Guide RNAs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202212413. [PMID: 36453982 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas system is one of the most powerful tools for gene editing. However, approaches for precise control of genome editing and regulatory events are still desirable. Here, we report the spatiotemporal and efficient control of CRISPR/Cas9- and Cas12a-mediated editing with conformationally restricted guide RNAs (gRNAs). This approach relied on only two or three pre-installed photo-labile substituents followed by an intramolecular cyclization, representing a robust synthetic method in comparison to the heavily modified linear gRNAs that often require extensive screening and time-consuming optimization. This tactic could direct the precise cleavage of the genes encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) and the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) protein within a predefined cutting region without notable editing leakage in live cells. We also achieved light-mediated myostatin (MSTN) gene editing in embryos, wherein a new bow-knot-type gRNA was constructed with excellent OFF/ON switch efficiency. Overall, our work provides a significant new strategy in CRISPR/Cas editing with modified circular gRNAs to precisely manipulate where and when genes are edited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jie Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wen-Da Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ji Liu
- BNLMS, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jun-Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wei-Qi Cai
- BNLMS, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin-Jing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jian Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ming Wang
- BNLMS, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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3
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Blümler A, Schwalbe H, Heckel A. Solid‐Phase‐Supported Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of a Light‐Activatable tRNA Derivative. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Blümler
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Harald Schwalbe
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt/Main Germany
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance BMRZ Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Alexander Heckel
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt/Main Germany
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4
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Blümler A, Schwalbe H, Heckel A. Solid-Phase-Supported Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of a Light-Activatable tRNA Derivative. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202111613. [PMID: 34738704 PMCID: PMC9299214 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present a multi-cycle chemoenzymatic synthesis of modified RNA with simplified solid-phase handling to overcome size limitations of RNA synthesis. It combines the advantages of classical chemical solid-phase synthesis and enzymatic synthesis using magnetic streptavidin beads and biotinylated RNA. Successful introduction of light-controllable RNA nucleotides into the tRNAMet sequence was confirmed by gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. The methods tolerate modifications in the RNA phosphodiester backbone and allow introductions of photocaged and photoswitchable nucleotides as well as photocleavable strand breaks and fluorophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Blümler
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical BiologyGoethe University Frankfurt am MainMax-von-Laue-Strasse 760438Frankfurt/MainGermany
| | - Harald Schwalbe
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical BiologyGoethe University Frankfurt am MainMax-von-Laue-Strasse 760438Frankfurt/MainGermany
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical BiologyCenter for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance BMRZGoethe University Frankfurt am MainMax-von-Laue-Strasse 760438Frankfurt/MainGermany
| | - Alexander Heckel
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical BiologyGoethe University Frankfurt am MainMax-von-Laue-Strasse 760438Frankfurt/MainGermany
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5
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Darrah KE, Deiters A. Translational control of gene function through optically regulated nucleic acids. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:13253-13267. [PMID: 34739027 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00257k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Translation of mRNA into protein is one of the most fundamental processes within biological systems. Gene expression is tightly regulated both in space and time, often involving complex signaling or gene regulatory networks, as most prominently observed in embryo development. Thus, studies of gene function require tools with a matching level of external control. Light is an excellent conditional trigger as it is minimally invasive, can be easily tuned in wavelength and amplitude, and can be applied with excellent spatial and temporal resolution. To this end, modification of established oligonucleotide-based technologies with optical control elements, in the form of photocaging groups and photoswitches, has rendered these tools capable of navigating the dynamic regulatory pathways of mRNA translation in cellular and in vivo models. In this review, we discuss the different optochemical approaches used to generate photoresponsive nucleic acids that activate and deactivate gene expression and function at the translational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristie E Darrah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, USA.
| | - Alexander Deiters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, USA.
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6
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Park HS, Jash B, Xiao L, Jun YW, Kool ET. Control of RNA with quinone methide reversible acylating reagents. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:8367-8376. [PMID: 34528657 PMCID: PMC8609948 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01713f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Caging RNA by polyacylation (cloaking) has been developed recently as a simple and rapid method to control the function of RNAs. Previous approaches for chemical reversal of acylation (uncloaking) made use of azide reduction followed by amine cyclization, requiring ∼2-4 h for the completion of cyclization. In new studies aimed at improving reversal rates and yields, we have designed novel acylating reagents that utilize quinone methide (QM) elimination for reversal. The QM de-acylation reactions were tested with two bioorthogonally cleavable motifs, azide and vinyl ether, and their acylation and reversal efficiencies were assessed with NMR and mass spectrometry on model small-molecule substrates as well as on RNAs. Successful reversal both with phosphines and strained alkenes was documented. Among the compounds tested, the azido-QM compound A-3 displayed excellent de-acylation efficiency, with t1/2 for de-acylation of less than an hour using a phosphine trigger. To test its function in RNA caging, A-3 was successfully applied to control EGFP mRNA translation in vitro and in HeLa cells. We expect that this molecular caging strategy can serve as a valuable tool for biological investigation and control of RNAs both in vitro and in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Shin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Biswarup Jash
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Lu Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Yong Woong Jun
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Eric T Kool
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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