1
|
Chen XL, Shen YJ, Gao C, Yang J, Sun X, Zhang X, Yang YD, Wei GP, Xiang JF, Sessler JL, Gong HY. Regulating the Structures of Self-Assembled Mechanically Interlocked Moleculecular Constructs via Dianion Precursor Substituent Effects. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7443-7455. [PMID: 32216311 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Substituent effects play critical roles in both modulating reaction chemistry and supramolecular self-assembly processes. Using substituted terephthalate dianions (p-phthalic acid dianions; PTADAs), the effect of varying the type, number, and position of the substituents was explored in terms of their ability to regulate the inherent anion complexation features of a tetracationic macrocycle, cyclo[2](2,6-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridine)[2](1,4-dimethylenebenzene) (referred to as the Texas-sized molecular box; 14+), in the form of its tetrakis-PF6- salt in DMSO. Several of the tested substituents, including 2-OH, 2,5-di(OH), 2,5-di(NH2), 2,5-di(Me), 2,5-di(Cl), 2,5-di(Br), and 2,5-di(I), were found to promote pseudorotaxane formation in contrast to what was seen for the parent PTADA system. Other derivatives of PTADA, including those with 2,3-di(OH), 2,6-di(OH), 2,5-di(OMe), 2,3,5,6-tetra(Cl), and 2,3,5,6-tetra(F) substituents, led only to so-called outside binding, where the anion interacts with 14+ on the outside of the macrocyclic cavity. The differing binding modes produced by the choice of PTADA derivative were found to regulate further supramolecular self-assembly when the reaction components included additional metal cations (M). Depending on the specific choice of PTADA derivatives and metal cations (M = Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Gd3+, Nd3+, Eu3+, Sm3+, Tb3+), constructs involving one-dimensional polyrotaxanes, outside-type rotaxanated supramolecular organic frameworks (RSOFs), or two-dimensional metal-organic rotaxane frameworks (MORFs) could be stabilized. The presence and nature of the substituent were found to dictate which specific higher order self-assembled structure was obtained using a given cation. In the specific case of the 2,5-di(OH), 2,5-di(Cl), and 2,5-di(Br) PTADA derivatives and Eu3+, so-called MORFs with distinct fluorescence emission properties could be produced. The present work serves to illustrate how small changes in guest substitution patterns may be used to control structure well beyond the first interaction sphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Lang Chen
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinwai street, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Jia Shen
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinwai street, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Gao
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinwai street, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Yang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinwai street, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Sun
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinwai street, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinwai street, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Dong Yang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinwai street, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Gong-Ping Wei
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancunbeiyijie 2, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Feng Xiang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancunbeiyijie 2, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Han-Yuan Gong
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinwai street, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Baillargeon P, Bernard S, Gauthier D, Skouta R, Dory YL. Efficient Synthesis and Astonishing Supramolecular Architectures of Several Symmetric Macrolactams. Chemistry 2007; 13:9223-35. [PMID: 17886846 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of four C(n) symmetric macrocyclic lactams cyclo-[NH-CH(2)-CH=CH-CH(2)-CO](n) (1, n=2; 2, n=3; 3, n=4) and cyclo-[NH-CH(2)-CH(2)-CH=CH-CO](3) (4) has been achieved by two approaches. A linear route leads to precursors that are subsequently macrocyclized in a separate step. The second, convergent approach relies on the symmetry of the targets: it includes suitably activated subunits, which are subjected to macrocyclization conditions. The subunits first oligomerize, then cyclize to form either pure macrolactams or mixtures. The macrolactam units 1, 2 and 4 stack on top each other through weak interactions (hydrogen bond and van der Waals), to form endless square, rectangular and triangular prisms, respectively. These stacks are further packed side by side in crystals grown from isotropic media. The overall dipoles in the crystals from lactams 1 and 4, which result mostly from the alignment of amide groups, are zero and large, respectively. Macrolactam 2 displays an astonishing isomorphism when allowed to cool down in anisotropic liquid crystal solutions. Large hollow hexagonal tubes are then obtained through a fractal process. Contrary to the three previous rings, 3 yields crystals where prisms of any shape are absent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Baillargeon
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Supramoléculaire, Département de Chimie, Institut de Pharmacologie, Université de Sherbooke, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|