Structural, spectroscopic, optical, dielectric and mechanical study of pure and l-Proline doped ammonium dihydrogen phosphate single crystals

Single crystals of pure and l-Proline (LP) C5H9NO2 doped ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) (NH4) H2PO4 were grown by slow evaporation solution technique (SEST) at ambient conditions. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis was carried out to confirm the crystal structure and no additional phase was observed due to doping except a systematic variation in peak intensities. FT-Raman analysis also confirms that there is no additional phase formation due to doping. Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis was done to examine the presence of various functional groups in the grown crystals. UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopic analysis was carried out to see the change in optical transparency of pure ADP and crystals due to LP with different doping concentrations. The high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) analysis was carried out to examine the crystalline perfection and observed reasonable changes with LP doping. Second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency measurement was done to examine the enhancement in the nonlinear optical characteristics of the grown crystals. The dielectric behavior of the samples shows that the dielectric constant decreased with increase the value of frequency. The effect of LP dopant on crystal morphology, mechanical properties of ADP has also been presented in this paper. The above studies reveal the effect of incorporation of LP into the lattice of ADP crystals.

Crystal growth and spectroscopic characterization of Aloevera amino acid added lithium sulfate monohydrate: a non-linear optical crystal

Non-linear optical crystals of lithium sulfate monohydrate added with Aloevera amino acid were grown successfully by slow evaporation technique moderately at low cost. Initially the Aloevera amino acid extract was prepared from the 3 years old plant leaves and the amino acids present in that were identified by high performance liquid chromatography. The grown crystal was clear, transparent and they attained the size about 1.3×0.8×0.6 cm(3) within a time span of 20-25 days. The crystal was subjected to Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, UV-Vis-NIR, thermal and mechanical studies. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance, thin layer chromatography and colorimetric estimation techniques are carried out to confirm and identify the amino acid in the grown crystal.

Growth, structural and optical characterization of a new nonlinear optical crystal--hippuric acid doped potassium di hydrogen phosphate

Potassium di hydrogen phosphate (KDP) is an efficient nonlinear optical crystal employed in frequency conversion applications. 1mol% hippuric acid doped potassium di hydrogen phosphate (HAKDP) crystals with the dimensions 35×8×4 mm(3) were grown using the slow evaporation technique. The grown HAKDP crystal is iso-structural with pure KDP, but a variation in the crystallographic parameters was observed. The UV-VIS-NIR study suggests that the crystal is highly transparent in the region 340-1200 nm. The functional groups present in the grown crystal were observed in the FTIR analysis. The powder SHG test performed on the grown crystal revealed the NLO efficiency of the crystal has increased due to doping when compared with pure KDP crystal.

Effect of L-Valine on the growth and characterization of Sodium Acid Phthalate (SAP) single crystals

Undoped and amino acid doped good quality single crystals of Sodium Acid Phthalate crystals (SAP) were grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique which are semiorganic in nature. The effect of amino acid (L-Valine) dopant on the growth and the properties of SAP single crystal was investigated. The single crystal X-ray diffraction studies and FT-IR studies were carried out to identify the crystal structure and the presence of functional groups in undoped and L-Valine doped SAP crystals. The transparent nature of the grown crystal was observed using UV-Visible spectrum. The thermal decomposition of the doped SAP crystals was investigated by thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The enhancement in the NLO property of the undoped and L-Valine doped SAP crystals using KDP crystal as a reference was studied using SHG measurements. Vickers micro hardness measurements are used for the study of mechanical strength of the grown crystals.

Dielectric Behavior of Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Urinary Stone

Calcium oxalate is the most significant component of urinary stones, usually in its monohydrate form. The mechanisms for the formation of calcium oxalate urinary stones are still not understood, though it is thought that organic macromolecules play a significant role. Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) urinary stone was subjected to dielectric studies in order to understand the formation and growth of the renal stones in vivo and use them to help in the treatment procedures for more effective stone fragmentation. The chemical composition and the crystalline nature were verified using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis. The dielectric parameters for the COM renal stone namely, capacitance, dielectric loss coefficient, impedance, and resistance were measured at room temperature and hence the dielectric constant and the alternating current conductivity were calculated in the frequency range 200 Hz to 5 MHz. The measured values and the dielectric constant showed systematic variations up to 10 kHz. The alternating current conductivity was almost constant up to 2.0 kHz and then showed systematic increase at around 100 kHz and reaches a maximum value at around 5 MHz. The results may be used in further studies of renal stones about their formation and growth.