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Armbrüster M. Intermetallic compounds in catalysis - a versatile class of materials meets interesting challenges. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2020; 21:303-322. [PMID: 33628119 PMCID: PMC7889166 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2020.1758544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The large and vivid field of intermetallic compounds in catalysis is reviewed to identify necessities, strategies and new developments making use of the advantageous catalytic properties of intermetallic compounds. Since recent reviews summarizing contributions in heterogeneous catalysis as well as electrocatalysis are available, this contribution is not aiming at a comprehensive literature review. To introduce the field, first the interesting nature of intermetallic compounds is elaborated - including possibilities as well as requirements to address catalytic questions. Subsequently, this review focuses on exciting developments and example success stories of intermetallic compounds in catalysis. Since many of these are based on recent advances in synthesis, a short overview of synthesis and characterisation is included. Thus, this contribution aims to be an introduction to the newcomer as well as being helpful to the experienced researcher by summarising the different approaches. Selected examples from literature are chosen to illustrate the versatility of intermetallic compounds in heterogeneous catalysis where the emphasis is on developments since the last comprehensive review in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Armbrüster
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Materials for Innovative Energy Concepts, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
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2
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Anand K, Fournée V, Prévot G, Ledieu J, Gaudry É. Nonwetting Behavior of Al-Co Quasicrystalline Approximants Owing to Their Unique Electronic Structures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:15793-15801. [PMID: 32125141 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Good wetting is generally observed for liquid metals on metallic substrates, while poor wetting usually occurs for metals on insulating oxides. In this work, we report unexpected large contact angles for lead on two metallic approximants to decagonal quasicrystals, namely, Al5Co2 and Al13Co4. Intrinsic surface wettability is predicted from first principles, using a thermodynamic model based on the Young equation, and validated by the good agreement with experimental measurements performed under ultra-high vacuum by scanning electron microscopy. The atomistic details of the atomic and electronic structures at the Pb-substrate interface, and the comparison with Pb(111)/Al(111), underline the influence of the specific electronic structures of quasicrystalline approximants on wetting. Our work suggests a possible correlation of the contact angles with the density of states at the Fermi energy and paves the way for a better fundamental understanding of wettability on intermetallic substrates, which has potential consequences in several applications such as supported catalysts, protective coatings, or crystal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Anand
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IJL, F-54000 Nancy, France
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 4 Allée Emile Monso, BP44362, 31030 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | | | - Geoffroy Prévot
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Julian Ledieu
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IJL, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Émilie Gaudry
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IJL, F-54000 Nancy, France
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3
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Bader K, Gille P. Single Crystal Growth of FeGa
3
and FeGa
3−
x
Ge
x
from High‐Temperature Solution Using the Czochralski Method. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.201900067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Bader
- Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Crystallography Section Theresienstr. 41 D‐80333 München Germany
| | - Peter Gille
- Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Crystallography Section Theresienstr. 41 D‐80333 München Germany
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4
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Piccolo L, Chatelier C, De Weerd MC, Morfin F, Ledieu J, Fournée V, Gille P, Gaudry E. Catalytic properties of Al 13TM 4 complex intermetallics: influence of the transition metal and the surface orientation on butadiene hydrogenation. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2019; 20:557-567. [PMID: 31258823 PMCID: PMC6586146 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2019.1608792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Complex intermetallic compounds such as transition metal (TM) aluminides are promising alternatives to expensive Pd-based catalysts, in particular for the semi-hydrogenation of alkynes or alkadienes. Here, we compare the gas-phase butadiene hydrogenation performances of o-Al13Co4(100), m-Al13Fe4(010) and m-Al13Ru4(010) surfaces, whose bulk terminated structural models exhibit similar cluster-like arrangements. Moreover, the effect of the surface orientation is assessed through a comparison between o-Al13Co4(100) and o-Al13Co4(010). As a result, the following room-temperature activity order is determined: Al13Co4(100) < Al13Co4(010) < Al13Ru4(010) < Al13Fe4(010). Moreover, Al13Co4(010) is found to be the most active surface at 110°C, and even more selective to butene (100%) than previously investigated Al13Fe4(010). DFT calculations show that the activity and selectivity results can be rationalized through the determination of butadiene and butene adsorption energies; in contrast, hydrogen adsorption energies do not scale with the catalytic activities. Moreover, the calculation of projected densities of states provides an insight into the Al13TM4 surface electronic structure. Isolating the TM active centers within the Al matrix induces a narrowing of the TM d-band, which leads to the high catalytic performances of Al13TM4 compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Piccolo
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Corentin Chatelier
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IJL, Nancy, France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, France
| | | | - Franck Morfin
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | | | - Peter Gille
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Crystallography Section, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
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5
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Raza MH, Wasim A, Hussain S, Sajid M, Jahanzaib M. Grain Selection and Crystal Orientation in Single-Crystal Casting: State of the Art. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.201800177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Huzaifa Raza
- Department of Industrial Engineering; University of Engineering and Technology Taxila; UET Taxila 47080 Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Wasim
- Department of Industrial Engineering; University of Engineering and Technology Taxila; UET Taxila 47080 Pakistan
| | - Salman Hussain
- Department of Industrial Engineering; University of Engineering and Technology Taxila; UET Taxila 47080 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid
- Department of Industrial Engineering; University of Engineering and Technology Taxila; UET Taxila 47080 Pakistan
| | - Mirza Jahanzaib
- Department of Industrial Engineering; University of Engineering and Technology Taxila; UET Taxila 47080 Pakistan
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6
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Yamada T, Kojima T, Abe E, Kameoka S, Murakami Y, Gille P, Tsai AP. Probing Single Pt Atoms in Complex Intermetallic Al 13Fe 4. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:3838-3841. [PMID: 29510035 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b13658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The atomic structure of a 0.2 atom % Pt-doped complex metallic alloy, monoclinic Al13Fe4, was investigated using a single crystal prepared by the Czochralski method. High-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy showed that the Pt atoms were dispersed as single atoms and substituted at Fe sites in Al13Fe4. Single-crystal X-ray structural analysis revealed that the Pt atoms preferentially substitute at Fe(1). Unlike those that have been reported, Pt single atoms in the surface layers showed lower activity and selectivity than those of Al2Pt and bulk Pt for propyne hydrogenation, indicating that the active state of a given single-atom Pt site is strongly dominated by the bonding to surrounding Al atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsunetomo Yamada
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM) , Tohoku University , 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku , Sendai 980-8577 , Japan
| | - Takayuki Kojima
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM) , Tohoku University , 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku , Sendai 980-8577 , Japan.,Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences , Tohoku University , Aramaki aza Aoba 6-3, Aoba-ku , Sendai 980-8578 , Japan
| | - Eiji Abe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Satoshi Kameoka
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM) , Tohoku University , 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku , Sendai 980-8577 , Japan
| | - Yumi Murakami
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM) , Tohoku University , 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku , Sendai 980-8577 , Japan
| | - Peter Gille
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences , Ludwig Maximilians University Munich , Theresienstr. 41 , Munich 80333 , Germany
| | - An Pang Tsai
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM) , Tohoku University , 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku , Sendai 980-8577 , Japan
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7
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Anisotropic electrical, thermal and magnetic properties of Al13Ru4 decagonal quasicrystalline approximant. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/zkri-2016-2039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We present measurements of the anisotropic electrical and thermal transport coefficients (the electrical resistivity, the thermoelectric power, the thermal conductivity), the magnetization and the specific heat of the Al13Ru4 monoclinic approximant to the decagonal quasicrystal, in comparison to the isostructural Al13Fe4. The electrical and thermal transport parameters of Al13Ru4 were found to exhibit significant anisotropy, qualitatively similar to that found previously in the Al13Fe4 (P. Popčević, et al., Phys. Rev. B
2010, 81, 184203). The crystallographic b direction, corresponding to the stacking direction of the (a,c) atomic planes, is the most conducting direction for the electricity and heat. The thermopower is strongly anisotropic with a complicated temperature dependence, exhibiting maxima, minima, crossovers and sign change. The electronic density of states (DOS) at the Fermi energy is reduced to 35% of the DOS of Al metal. The magnetic susceptibility is diamagnetic and the diamagnetism is by a factor of 2 stronger for the magnetic field along the stacking b direction.
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Xu J, Pu Y, Qi WK, Yang XJ, Tang Y, Wan P, Fisher A. Chemical removal of nitrate from water by aluminum-iron alloys. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 166:197-202. [PMID: 27697708 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Zero-valent iron has been intensively investigated in chemical reduction of nitrate in water, but the reduction requires acidic or weak acidic pH conditions and the product of the reduction is exclusively ammonium, an even more toxic substance. Zero-valent aluminum is a stronger reductant than iron, but its use for the reduction of aqueous nitrate requires considerably alkaline pH conditions. In this study, aluminum-iron alloys with an iron content of 10%, 20% and 58% (termed Al-Fe10, Al-Fe20 and Al-Fe58, respectively) were investigated for the reduction of aqueous nitrate. Al-Fe alloys were efficient to reduce nitrate in water in an entire pH range of 2-12 and the reduction proceeded in a pseudo-first order at near neutral pH conditions. The observed reaction rate constant (Kobs) of Al-Fe10 was 3 times higher than that of Fe and the Kobs of Al-Fe20 doubled that of Al-Fe10. The nitrogen selectivity of the reduction by Al-Fe10, Al-Fe20 and Al-Fe58 was 17.6%, 23.9% and 40.3%, respectively at pH 7 and the nitrogen selectivity by Al-Fe20 increased from 18.9% at pH 2-60.3% at pH 12. The enhanced selectivity and reactivity of Al-Fe alloys were likely due to the presence of an intermetallic Al-Fe compound (Al13Fe4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuan Pu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wei-Kang Qi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiao Jin Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yang Tang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Pingyu Wan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Adrian Fisher
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
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Fournée V, Gaudry É, Ledieu J, de Weerd MC, Diehl RD. Quasi-ordered C60 molecular films grown on the pseudo-ten-fold (1 0 0) surface of the Al13Co4 quasicrystalline approximant. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:355001. [PMID: 27365317 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/35/355001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The growth of C60 films on the pseudo-ten-fold (1 0 0) surface of the orthorhombic Al13Co4 quasicrystalline approximant was studied experimentally by scanning tunneling microscopy, low-energy electron diffraction and photoemission spectroscopy. The (1 0 0) surface terminates at bulk-planes presenting local atomic configurations with five-fold symmetry-similar to quasicrystalline surfaces. While the films deposited at room temperature were found disordered, high-temperature growth (up to 693 K) led to quasi-ordered molecular films templated on the substrate rectangular unit mesh. The most probable adsorption sites and geometries were investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. A large range of adsorption energies was determined, influenced by both symmetry and size matching at the molecule-substrate interface. The quasi-ordered structure of the film can be explained by C60 adsorption at the strongest adsorption sites which are too far apart compared to the distance minimizing the intermolecular interactions, resulting in some disorder in the film structure at a local scale. Valence band photoemission indicates a broadening of the molecular orbitals resulting from hybridization between the substrate and overlayer electronic states. Dosing the film at temperature above 693 K led to molecular damage and formation of carbide thin films possessing no azimuthal order with respect to the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Fournée
- Institut Jean Lamour (UMR7198 CNRS-Nancy-Université de Lorraine), Parc de Saurupt, 54011 Nancy Cedex, France
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10
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Artukh VA, Nipan GD, Yusupov VS. Solid-phase synthesis of intermetallic compounds Al13Co4, Al13Fe4, and Al13Co2Fe2. DOKLADY CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0012500816120016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Piccolo L, Kibis L. The partial hydrogenation of butadiene over Al 13 Fe 4 : A surface-science study of reaction and deactivation mechanisms. J Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Petucci J, Karimi M, Huang YT, Curtarolo S, Diehl RD. Ordering and growth of rare gas films (Xe, Kr, Ar, and Ne) on the pseudo-ten-fold quasicrystalline approximant Al₁₃Co₄(100) surface. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2014; 26:095003. [PMID: 24521558 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/9/095003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption of the rare gases Kr, Ar, and Ne on the complex alloy surface Al₁₃Co₄(100) was studied using grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) computer simulations. This surface is an approximant to the ten-fold decagonal Al-Ni-Co quasicrystalline surface, on which rare gas adsorption was studied previously. Comparison of adsorption results on the periodic Al₁₃Co₄(100) surface with those of the quasiperiodic Al-Ni-Co surface indicates some similarities, such as layer-by-layer growth, and some dissimilarities, such as the formation of Archimedes tiling phases (Mikhael et al 2008 Nature 454 501, Shechtman et al 1984 Phys. Rev. Lett. 53 1951, Macia 2006 Rep. Prog. Phys. 69 397, Schmiedeberg et al 2010 Eur. Phys. J. E 32 25-34, Kromer et al 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 218301, Schmiedeberg and Stark 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 218302). The conditions under which Archimedes tiling phases (ATP) emerge on Al₁₃Co₄(100) are examined and their presence is related to the gas-gas and gas-surface interaction parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Petucci
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
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13
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Piccolo L. Al13Fe4 selectively catalyzes the hydrogenation of butadiene at room temperature. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:9149-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc44987d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Fournée V, Gaudry É, de Weerd MC, Diehl RD, Ledieu J. The (100) surface of the Al13Co4 quasicrystalline approximant. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1557/opl.2012.1585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe structure of the (100) surface of the orthorhombic Al13Co4quasicrystalline approximant is described based on a combined scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), and density functional theory (DFT) study. We discuss the interplay between the surface structure and the cluster substructure of this approximant as well as possible off-stoichiometry effects that could explain the discrepancies found in the literature on possible surface models.
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Armbrüster M, Kovnir K, Friedrich M, Teschner D, Wowsnick G, Hahne M, Gille P, Szentmiklósi L, Feuerbacher M, Heggen M, Girgsdies F, Rosenthal D, Schlögl R, Grin Y. Al13Fe4 as a low-cost alternative for palladium in heterogeneous hydrogenation. NATURE MATERIALS 2012; 11:690-3. [PMID: 22683821 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Replacing noble metals in heterogeneous catalysts by low-cost substitutes has driven scientific and industrial research for more than 100 years. Cheap and ubiquitous iron is especially desirable, because it does not bear potential health risks like, for example, nickel. To purify the ethylene feed for the production of polyethylene, the semi-hydrogenation of acetylene is applied (80 × 10(6) tons per annum; refs 1-3). The presence of small and separated transition-metal atom ensembles (so-called site-isolation), and the suppression of hydride formation are beneficial for the catalytic performance. Iron catalysts necessitate at least 50 bar and 100 °C for the hydrogenation of unsaturated C-C bonds, showing only limited selectivity towards semi-hydrogenation. Recent innovation in catalytic semi-hydrogenation is based on computational screening of substitutional alloys to identify promising metal combinations using scaling functions and the experimental realization of the site-isolation concept employing structurally well-ordered and in situ stable intermetallic compounds of Ga with Pd (refs 15-19). The stability enables a knowledge-based development by assigning the observed catalytic properties to the crystal and electronic structures of the intermetallic compounds. Following this approach, we identified the low-cost and environmentally benign intermetallic compound Al(13)Fe(4) as an active and selective semi-hydrogenation catalyst. This knowledge-based development might prove applicable to a wide range of heterogeneously catalysed reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Armbrüster
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Str. 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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Beni A, Ott N, Ura-Bińczyk E, Rasinski M, Bauer B, Gille P, Ulrich A, Schmutz P. Passivation and localised corrosion susceptibility of new Al–Cr–Fe complex metallic alloys in acidic NaCl electrolytes. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.08.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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17
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Dolinšek J, Smontara A. Decagonal Quasicrystals and Approximants: Two-Dimensional or Three-Dimensional Solids? Isr J Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201100132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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18
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Addou R, Shukla AK, de Weerd MC, Gille P, Widmer R, Gröning O, Fournée V, Dubois JM, Ledieu J. Pseudomorphy, surface alloys and the role of elementary clusters on the domain orientations in the Cu/Al13Co4(100) system. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2011; 23:435009. [PMID: 21983255 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/23/43/435009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We have used the pseudo-tenfold surface of the orthorhombic Al(13)Co(4) crystal as a template for the adsorption of Cu thin films of various thicknesses deposited at different temperatures. This study has been carried out by means of low energy electron diffraction (LEED), scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and x-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD). From 300 to 573 K, Cu adatoms grow pseudomorphically up to one monolayer. At 300 K, the β-Al(Cu, Co) phase appears for coverages greater than one monolayer. For higher temperature deposition, the β-Al(Cu, Co) phase further transforms into the γ-Al(4)Cu(9) phase. Both β and γ phases grow as two (110) domains rotated by 72° ± 1° from each other. Instead of following the substrate symmetry, it is the orientations of the bipentagonal motifs present on the clean Al(13)Co(4)(100) surface that dictate the growth orientation of these domains. The initial bulk composition and structural complexity of the substrate have a minor role in the formation of the γ-Al(4)Cu(9) phase as long as the amount of Al and the Cu film thickness reach a critical stoichiometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Addou
- Institut Jean Lamour (UMR 7198 CNRS-Nancy-Université-UPV-Metz), Ecole des Mines, Nancy, France
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19
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Bauer B, Gille P. Crystal Growth of Al-Rich Complex Metallic Phases in the System Al-Cr-Fe Using the Czochralski Method. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201100290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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