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Matyszczak G, Plocinski T, Dluzewski P, Fidler A, Jastrzebski C, Lawniczak-Jablonska K, Drzewiecka-Antonik A, Wolska A, Krawczyk K. Sonochemical synthesis of SnS and SnS 2 quantum dots from aqueous solutions, and their photo- and sonocatalytic activity. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 105:106834. [PMID: 38522262 PMCID: PMC10981103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Our study reports the ultrasound-assisted synthesis of SnS and SnS2 in the form of nanoparticles using aqueous solutions of respective tin chloride and thioacetamide varying sonication time. The presence of both compounds is confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, as well as Raman and FT-IR spectroscopic techniques. The existence of nanoparticles is proven by powder X-ray diffraction investigation and by high resolution transmission electron microscopy observations. The size of nanocrystallites are in the range of 3-8 nm and 30 50 nm for SnS, and 1.5-10 nm for SnS2. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements, used to investigate the chemical state of tin and sulphur atoms on the surface of nanoparticles, reveal that they are typically covered with tin on the same oxidation degree as respective bulk compound. Values of optical bandgaps of synthesized nanoparticles, according to the Tauc method, were 2.31, 1.47 and 1.05 eV for SnS (60, 90 and 120 min long synthesis, respectively), and 2.81, 2.78 and 2.70 eV for SnS2 (60, 90 and 120 min long synthesis, respectively). Obtained nanoparticles were utilized as photo- and sonocatalysts in the process of degradation of model azo-dye molecules by UV-C light or ultrasound. Quantum dots of SnS2 obtained under sonication lasting 120 min were the best photocatalyst (66.9 % color removal), while quantum dots of SnS obtained under similar sonication time were the best sonocatalyst (85.2 % color removal).
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Matyszczak
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowski street 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Plocinski
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska street 141A, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Dluzewski
- Institute of Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland, Lotników avenue 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Fidler
- Institute of Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland, Lotników avenue 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Cezariusz Jastrzebski
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa street 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Anna Wolska
- Institute of Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland, Lotników avenue 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Krawczyk
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowski street 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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Matyszczak G, Jóźwik P, Polesiak E, Sobieska M, Krawczyk K, Jastrzębski C, Płociński T. Sonochemical preparation of SnS and SnS 2 nano- and micropowders and their characterization. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 75:105594. [PMID: 34044321 PMCID: PMC8167200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sonochemical production of tin(II) and tin(IV) sulfides is investigated. Different conditions of syntheses are examined: used solvent (ethanol or ethylenediamine), source of tin (SnCl2 or SnCl4), the molar ratio of thioacetamide to the tin source, and time of sonication. The obtained powders are characterized by the X-ray diffraction method (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and the Tauc method. Raman and FT-IR measurements were performed for the obtained samples, which additionally confirmed the crystallinity and phase composition of the samples. The influence of experimental conditions on composition (is it SnS or SnS2), morphology, and on the bandgap of obtained products is elucidated. It was found that longer sonication times favor more crystalline product. Each of bandgaps is direct and most of them show typical values - c.a. 1.3 eV for SnS and 2.4 eV for SnS2. However, there are some exceptions. Synthesized powders show a variety of forms such as needles, flower-like, rods, random agglomerates (SnS2) and balls (SnS). Using ethanol as a solvent led to powders of SnS2 independently of which tin chloride is used. Sonochemistry in ethylenediamine is more diverse: this solvent protects Sn2+ cations from oxidation so mostly SnS is obtained, while SnCl4 does not produce powder of SnS2 but Sn(SO4)2 instead or, at a higher ratio of thioacetamide to SnCl4, green clear mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Matyszczak
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego Street 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Paweł Jóźwik
- Faculty of Advanced Technologies and Chemistry, Military University of Technology, ul. gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emilia Polesiak
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego Street 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Sobieska
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego Street 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Krawczyk
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego Street 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Cezariusz Jastrzębski
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa street 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Płociński
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska Street 141A, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
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Jastrzebski C, Olkowska K, Jastrzebski DJ, Wierzbicki M, Gebicki W, Podsiadlo S. Raman scattering studies on very thin layers of gallium sulfide (GaS) as a function of sample thickness and temperature. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:075303. [PMID: 30524093 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aaf53b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Gallium sulfide is a semiconducting material with a layered structure and a characteristic low interlayer interaction. Because of weak van der Waals forces, GaS crystals are relatively easy to exfoliate to very thin layers. In this work nanometric-GaS layers were obtained by a micro-mechanical exfoliation process and were transferred to Si/SiO2 substrate. The thickness of these layers was estimated from AFM measurements. Raman spectra were collected for different layer thicknesses ranging from one layer to bulk crystal. An analytical function fitted to experimental data is proposed to determine layer thickness from Raman measurements. For the first time, the Raman position and the FWHM of the main Raman peaks were measured on very thin GaS layers as a function of temperature in the range from 80 to 470 K. The first order temperature coefficients of the A 1g Raman peaks were determined. Phonon decay due to anharmonic processes at temperatures above 300 K in layers of thickness below 4 nm was observed. Contribution of optical phonon scattering processes to thermal properties of very thin GaS layers is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezariusz Jastrzebski
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract
The review is concerned with progress in methods for exfoliation of crystals, from mechanical exfoliation using sticky tape to modern techniques involving sonication-assisted exfoliation, shear exfoliation in liquids using intercalating agents and stabilizers, direct liquid exfoliation and cosolvent exfoliation. The potential of methods of osmotic swelling in water and in organic dispersion media with constant and variable chemical composition of nanosheets, chemical and electrochemical intercalation, exfoliation by hydrazine (including versions resulting in changes in the chemical composition of nanosheets), ionic liquids and supercritical fluids is discussed. Methods for size sorting of nanosheets by density-gradient and cascade centrifugation and the possibility of nanosheet size control are analyzed.
The bibliography includes 136 references.
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Ham G, Shin S, Park J, Lee J, Choi H, Lee S, Jeon H. Engineering the crystallinity of tin disulfide deposited at low temperatures. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra08169j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We report here that SnS2 films deposited at 150 °C and annealed at below 350 °C have good potential for using 2D SnS2 in flexible electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giyul Ham
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hanyang University
- Seoul
- Korea
| | - Seokyoon Shin
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hanyang University
- Seoul
- Korea
| | - Joohyun Park
- Department of Nanoscale Semiconductor Engineering
- Hanyang University
- Seoul
- Korea
| | - Juhyun Lee
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hanyang University
- Seoul
- Korea
| | - Hyeongsu Choi
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hanyang University
- Seoul
- Korea
| | - Seungjin Lee
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hanyang University
- Seoul
- Korea
| | - Hyeongtag Jeon
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hanyang University
- Seoul
- Korea
- Department of Nanoscale Semiconductor Engineering
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