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Baruch Y, Golberg K, Sun Q, Yew-Hoong Gin K, Marks RS, Kushmaro A. 3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM): A Potential Therapeutic Agent against Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans Biofilm. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1017. [PMID: 37370336 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12061017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Indole, a metabolite of the amino acid tryptophan, has been proven to act as a signal molecule in bacteria, acting in different aspects of biofilm formation. The oral biofilm is a type of biofilm that has consequences for human health. It is a complex, three-dimensional structure that develops on the surface of teeth via the attachment of primary microbial colonizers. Many oral infections are caused by an imbalance occurring in the microorganisms naturally found in oral biofilms and are considered major public health concerns. In this study, we test the effect of a natural bis-indole, 3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM), in mitigating the pathogenicity of the oral biofilm inhabiting bacterium Streptococcus mutans, a bacterium that is considered to be a principal etiological agent in dental caries. Our study found that DIM was able to attenuate S. mutans biofilm formation by 92%. Additionally, treatment with DIM lowered extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) production and decreased its durability significantly under acidic conditions. Therefore, the anti-biofilm and anti-virulence properties of DIM against S. mutans bacteria in an "oral setting" provides evidence for its usefulness in reducing biofilm formation and potentially for caries attenuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifat Baruch
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Karina Golberg
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Qun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Karina Yew-Hoong Gin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Robert S Marks
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
- The Ilse Katz Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Ariel Kushmaro
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
- The Ilse Katz Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
- School of Sustainability and Climate Change, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
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Oberhuber-Kurth LM, Angeli R, Lippmann N, Notov D, Osterhoff G, Frank K, Langer S, Kohler L. Pathogens and Shift of Resistance in Early Infections after Operative Fracture Fixation. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2022; 23:583-589. [PMID: 35917386 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2022.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) remain a challenge for the healthcare system. During the last 30 years, the literature has shown an increase of gram-negative bacterial strains in multiple infectious sites and that cephalosporins have replaced penicillin as the gold standard in peri-operative antibiotic prophylaxis. This study aims to examine the recent bacterial spectrum in orthopedic early SSIs and to compare it with a historical cohort. Patients and Methods: Patients in a level 1 trauma center with an SSI within six weeks after open fixation of a fracture were analyzed in two adjacent periods from 2007 to 2012 (data pool 1; DP1) and 2013 to 2017 (data pool 2; DP2), retrospectively. The detected microbiologic pathogens and the associated resistograms from both time periods were compared. Results: Six hundred eighty-one smear tests and respective pathogens from the wounds of 463 patients (mean age, 62.6 ± 20 years) with SSIs were analyzed. The following pathogens were found most frequent: Staphylococcus epidermidis (DP1, 20.6%; DP2, 26.3%), Staphylococcus aureus (DP1, 27.1%; DP2, 16.5%), Enterococcus faecalis (DP1, 13.7%; DP2, 11.1%), Bacillus sp. (DP1, 3.0%; DP2, 5.3%), Escherichia coli (DP1, 5.1%; DP2, 4.1%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (DP1, 3.7%; DP2, 2.5%). In DP2, there were lower primary early infection rates with Staphylococcus aureus than in DP1 (p = 0.002). In DP2, Staphylococcus epidermidis showed an oxacillin resistance in 90.6% and an increased resistance (79.8%; p = 0.069) to several classes of antibiotic agents compared to DP1. Conclusions: No bacterial shift toward gram-negative species was observed in this investigation. However, Staphylococcus epidermidis showed an increased antibiotic resistance in the more recent patient cohort. The incidence of SSIs with Staphylococcus aureus decreased substantially.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rico Angeli
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Norman Lippmann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dmitry Notov
- Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma, and Plastic Surgery, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg Osterhoff
- Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma, and Plastic Surgery, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Konstantin Frank
- Division of Hand, Plastic, and Aesthetic Surgery, Munich University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Langer
- Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma, and Plastic Surgery, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lukas Kohler
- Division of Hand, Plastic, and Aesthetic Surgery, Munich University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
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Huang Q, Wang SS, Luo RH. Correlation and mechanism between cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and oral streptococcus count in patients with primary microvascular angina pectoris. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29060. [PMID: 35357350 PMCID: PMC11319317 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although primary microvascular angina (PMVA) can be diagnosed clinically, the etiology and pathophysiology of PMVA remain unclear. The effects of conventional clinical medications (aspirin, statins, and nitrates) are unsatisfactory, and PMVA can lead to serious cardiovascular events. The present study was designed to analyze the correlation between the load perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) results and the Streptococcus sanguinis(S sanguinis) count and the correlations between the S sanguinis count in oral cavity subgingival plaque and changes in the plasma levels of platelet alpha-granule membrane glycoprotein 140 (GMP-140), fibrinopeptide A (FPA), von Willebrand factor (vWF), and homocysteine (Hcy) in patients with PMVA after increased anti-infective treatment of the oral cavity. This study also discusses the pathogenesis of PMVA from this perspective. The differences in the S sanguinis count in oral cavity subgingival plaque and oral health status between healthy people and PMVA patients will be compared, and the correlation between the oral cavity health status and disease in PMVA patients will be analyzed. METHODS The present randomized controlled trial with a parallel control group will be conducted in 68 PMVA patients diagnosed by the in-patient cardiology department. The selected patients will be randomly divided into 2 groups, one receiving routine drug treatment and the other a combination of anti-infective treatments. The normal control group will comprise 30 healthy people with no infectious oral cavity disease matched by age and sex. We will conduct CMR, and the presence of S sanguinis in subgingival plaques will be used to determine the bacterial count in PMVA patients. Blood samples will also be collected to determine the levels of GMP-140, FPA, vWF, and Hcy. S sanguinis in the subgingival plaque of PMVA patients will be further analyzed after increasing the oral cavity anti-infective treatment; the resulting changes and their correlations with changes in GMP-140, FPA, vWF, and Hcy levels will be assessed. Additionally, the differences in the S sanguinis count and the oral cavity health status of oral cavity dental plaque between healthy people and PMVA patients will be determined, and the correlation between the oral cavity conditions and PMVA will be analyzed. The relationship between the perfusion CMR results and the oral cavity S sanguinis count of PMVA patients, and the potential pathogenesis, will be explored. We will use the SPSS19.0 statistical software package to analyze the data. The measurements will be expressed as means±standard deviation. Student t test will be used for intergroup comparisons, a relative number description will be used for the count data, and the chi-square test will be used for intergroup comparisons. Multivariate logistic regression will be performed to identify associations. A P value < .05 will be considered significant. DISCUSSION In this study, the correlation between the perfusion CMR results and the S sanguinis count in oral cavity subgingival plaque of PMVA patients will be analyzed. Changes in the levels of GMP-140, FPA, vWF, and Hcy of PMVA patients after receiving increased oral cavity anti-infective treatment will be explored, and the difference in the S sanguinis count in oral cavity subgingival plaque and the oral cavity health status between healthy people and PMVA patients will be compared. ATRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, (http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=45091).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Huang
- Affiliated Hangzhou Chest Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (HangZhou Red Cross Hospital), Hangzhou, 208 Huancheng East Road, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shi Sheng Wang
- Affiliated Hangzhou Chest Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (HangZhou Red Cross Hospital), Hangzhou, 208 Huancheng East Road, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Rong Hua Luo
- Affiliated Hangzhou Chest Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (HangZhou Red Cross Hospital), Hangzhou, 208 Huancheng East Road, Zhejiang, China.
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Evaluation of 12-hour in situ bacterial colonization on smooth restorative material surfaces. J Dent 2022; 119:104071. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Paczkowski I, Stingu CS, Hahnel S, Rauch A, Schierz O. Cross-Contamination Risk of Dental Tray Adhesives: An In Vitro Study. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14206138. [PMID: 34683730 PMCID: PMC8537125 DOI: 10.3390/ma14206138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of cross-contamination in dental tray adhesives with reusable brush systems. Methods: Four dental tray adhesives with different disinfectant components were examined for risk as a potential transmission medium for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus oralis, and Candida albicans. Bacterial and fungal strains were mixed with artificial saliva. The contaminated saliva was intentionally added to tray adhesive liquid samples. At baseline and up to 60 min, 100 microliters of each sample were collected and cultivated aerobically on Columbia and Sabouraud agar for 24 or 48 h, respectively. Results: At baseline, contamination with Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans could be identified in three out of four adhesives. In the subsequent samples, low counts of up to 20 colony-forming units per milliliter could be observed for Staphylococcus aureus. All other strains did not form colonies at baseline or subsequently. Adhesives with isopropanol or ethyl acetate as disinfectant additives were most effective in preventing contamination, while adhesives with hydrogen chloride or acetone as a disinfectant additive were the least effective. Conclusion: Within 15 min, the tested adhesives appeared to be sufficiently bactericidal and fungicidal against all microorganisms tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Paczkowski
- Department of Prosthodontics and Materials Science, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 12, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (I.P.); (S.H.); (A.R.)
| | - Catalina S. Stingu
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 21, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Sebastian Hahnel
- Department of Prosthodontics and Materials Science, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 12, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (I.P.); (S.H.); (A.R.)
| | - Angelika Rauch
- Department of Prosthodontics and Materials Science, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 12, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (I.P.); (S.H.); (A.R.)
| | - Oliver Schierz
- Department of Prosthodontics and Materials Science, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 12, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (I.P.); (S.H.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-341-9721310
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Al Moaleem MM, Porwal A, Al Ahmari NM, Shariff M. Oral Biofilm on Dental Materials Among Khat Chewers. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:964-972. [PMID: 31965942 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200121142300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nowadays khat chewing habit is increasing among population in southern part of Saudi Arabia, Jazan and till date there is no literature investigating the effect of khat on oral biofilm on dental materials. OBJECTIVE To evaluate and compare the bacterial biofilm on different types of dental restorative materials used in replacing missing tooth structures among khat chewers and non-khat chewers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hundred and twenty biofilm samples were collected from different dental restorations, such as All-ceramic (AL), Metal Ceramic (MC), Metal crowns or bridges (M), Composite (C), Glass Ionomer (GI) and Amalgam (A) restorations in non-khat and khat chewers (K). DNA extraction was done and subjected to PCR. Bacterial species, such as Streptococcus, Neisseria, Bacillus, Granulicatella and Veillonella were identified and counted. PCR products were also sequenced to detect similarity. Association between bacterial type and dental materials among non-khat and khat chewers were tested with Chi-Square test (Fishers Exact test). RESULTS The frequency and percentage of Streptococcus species were marginally higher among khat chewers (42; 70%) compared with non-khat chewers (38; 63.3%) group. But the Veillonella species were higher among non-khat chewers (9: 15%), compared to the khat chewers group (7; 11.7%). No statistically significant difference was detected among species in both groups. In non-khat and khat chewer group, the maximum hits were related to Streptococcus spp. in glass ionomer, amalgam, and composite (restorative materials), followed by metal ceramic and metal (prosthetic materials). Veillonella spp. showed maximum hits in the metal group among non-khat chewers and in all-ceramic among khat chewers. Statically significant differences were recorded among composite and amalgam samples with p values 0.047 and 0.036 in khat chewer group. CONCLUSION Khat chewers showed statistically significant differences in oral biofilm in the composite and amalgam restorative materials, but there were no significant differences found among any materials and species between the groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Al Moaleem
- Prosthetic Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amit Porwal
- Prosthetic Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser M Al Ahmari
- Prosthodontic Department, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansoor Shariff
- Prosthodontic Department, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Liu K, Wang G, Guo S, Liu J, Qu W, Liu N, Wang H, Ji J, Chu PK, Gu B, Zhang W. High-Potential surface on zirconia ceramics for bacteriostasis and biocompatibility. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 193:111074. [PMID: 32416519 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria easily adhere, colonize, and form biofilm on oral implants subsequently causing periimplantation periarthritis and mechanical loosening. Previous studies show that a high potential surface on polymeric implants can achieve surface bacteriostasis without side effects. In this study, a high surface potential is introduced to zirconia ceramics to mitigate bacterial infection. Carbon and nitrogen plasma immersion ion implantation (C-PIII and N-PIII) are conducted on zirconia ceramic samples sequentially to elevate the surface potential. The surface with a high potential but without ion leaching exhibits excellent antibacterial effects against oral bacteria and little bacterial resistance is triggered. The surface also has high strength and excellent biocompatibility. The nitrogen-containing inorganic structure with high potential can actualize bacteriostasis and biocompatibility on zirconia ceramics simultaneously and this new strategy can enhance the antibacterial ability of oral implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guomin Wang
- Department of Physics & Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuqin Guo
- Stomatology Department of the First Medical Center of the General Hospital of Chinese PLA, 28 FuXing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei Qu
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Na Liu
- Stomatology Department of the First Medical Center of the General Hospital of Chinese PLA, 28 FuXing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Huaiyu Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Junhui Ji
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Paul K Chu
- Department of Physics & Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bin Gu
- Stomatology Department of the First Medical Center of the General Hospital of Chinese PLA, 28 FuXing Road, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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Surface properties of dental zirconia ceramics affected by ultrasonic scaling and low-temperature degradation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203849. [PMID: 30212528 PMCID: PMC6136777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Zirconia (3Y-TZP) dental prostheses are widely used in clinical dentistry. However, the effect of ultrasonic scaling performed as a part of professional tooth cleaning on 3Y-TZP dental prostheses, especially in conjunction with low-temperature degradation (LTD), has not been fully investigated. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of ultrasonic scaling and LTD on the surface properties of 3Y-TZP in relation to bacterial adhesion on the treated surface. 3Y-TZP specimens (4 × 4 × 2 mm) were polished and then subjected to autoclaving at 134°C for 100 h to induce LTD, followed by 10 rounds of ultrasonic scaling using a steel scaler tip for 1 min each. Surface roughness, crystalline structure, wettability, and hardness were analyzed by optical interferometry, X-ray diffraction analysis, contact angle measurement, and nano-indentation technique, respectively. Subsequently, bacterial adhesion onto the treated 3Y-TZP surface was evaluated using Streptococcus mitis and S. oralis. The results demonstrated that the combination of ultrasonic scaling and LTD significantly increased the Sa value (surface roughness parameter) of the polished 3Y-TZP surface from 1.6 nm to 117 nm. LTD affected the crystalline structure, causing phase transformation from the tetragonal to the monoclinic phase, and decreased both the contact angle and surface hardness. However, bacterial adhesion was not influenced by these changes in surface properties. The present study suggests that ultrasonic scaling may be acceptable for debridement of 3Y-TZP dental prostheses because it did not facilitate bacterial adhesion even in the combination with LTD, although it did cause slight roughening of the surface.
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