1
|
Hodges K, Famuliner P, Kingsley K, Howard KM. Oral Prevalence of Selenomonas noxia Differs among Orthodontic Patients Compared to Non-Orthodontic Controls: A Retrospective Biorepository Analysis. Pathogens 2024; 13:670. [PMID: 39204270 PMCID: PMC11357603 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13080670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The oral microbial flora may be significantly altered by orthodontic therapy and the use of fixed orthodontic brackets. Most orthodontic research has focused on cariogenic pathogens, while some evidence has demonstrated an increase in many known periodontal pathogens. However, little is known about the prevalence of the Gram-negative periodontal pathogen Selenomonas noxia (SN) among these patients. Using an existing saliva biorepository, n = 208 samples from adult and pediatric orthodontic and non-orthodontic patients were identified and screened for the presence of SN using qPCR and validated primers. In the pediatric study sample (n = 89), 36% tested positive for the presence of SN, with orthodontic patients comprising more SN-positive samples (87.5%) than SN-negative samples (78.9%), p = 0.0271. In the adult study sample (n = 119), SN was found in 28.6%, with orthodontic patients comprising 58.8% of positive samples and only 28.2% of negative samples (p < 0.0001). These data demonstrated that both pediatric and adult orthodontic patients exhibited higher prevalence of SN compared with age-matched non-orthodontic controls. As this microorganism is associated not only with periodontal disease but also long-term health issues such as obesity, more research is needed regarding the factors that increase the prevalence of this microbe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Hodges
- Department of Advanced Education in Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, 1700 West Charleston Blvd, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
| | - Payton Famuliner
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, 1700 West Charleston Blvd, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
| | - Karl Kingsley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, 1001 Shadow Lane, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA;
| | - Katherine M. Howard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, 1001 Shadow Lane, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao M, Yang J, Liang J, Shi R, Song W. Emerging nanozyme therapy incorporated into dental materials for diverse oral pathologies. Dent Mater 2024:S0109-5641(24)00222-7. [PMID: 39107224 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nanozyme materials combine the advantages of natural enzymes and artificial catalysis, and have been widely applied in new technologies for dental materials and oral disease treatment. Based on the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress pathways in the occurrence and therapy of oral diseases, a comprehensive review was conducted on the methods and mechanisms of nanozymes and their dental materials in treating different oral diseases. METHODS This review is based on literature surveys from PubMed and Web of Science databases, as well as reviews of relevant researches and publications on nanozymes in the therapy of oral diseases and oral tumors in international peer-reviewed journals. RESULTS Given the unique function of nanozymes in the generation and elimination of ROS, they play an important role in the occurrence, development, and treatment of different oral diseases. The application of nanozymes in dental materials and oral disease treatment was introduced, including the latest advances in their use for dental caries, pulpitis, jaw osteomyelitis, periodontitis, oral mucosal diseases, temporomandibular joint disorders, and oral tumors. Future approaches were also summarized and proposed based on the characteristics of these diseases. SIGNIFICANCE This review will guide biomedical researchers and oral clinicians to understand the mechanisms and applications of nanozymes in the therapy of oral diseases, promoting further development in the field of dental materials within the oral medication. It is anticipated that more suitable therapeutic agents or dental materials encapsulating nanozymes, specifically designed for the oral environment and simpler for clinical utilization, will emerge in the forthcoming future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Menghan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, China; Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, China
| | - Jin Yang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, China
| | - Jiangyi Liang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, China
| | - Ruixin Shi
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, China.
| | - Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Raghavan S, Abu Alhaija ES, Duggal MS, Narasimhan S, Al-Maweri SA. White spot lesions, plaque accumulation and salivary caries-associated bacteria in clear aligners compared to fixed orthodontic treatment. A systematic review and meta- analysis. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:599. [PMID: 37635207 PMCID: PMC10463770 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the available evidence regarding the incidence and severity of white spot lesions (WSLs), plaque accumulation and salivary caries-associated bacteria(SCB) in clear aligners (CA) verses conventional fixed (CF) orthodontic appliances. METHODS Electronic searches of MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Google Scholar, Clinical trial registry, OpenGrey and ProQuest were done for all relevant studies. Eligibility criteria were; Randomized Controlled Trials and Non-Randomized Studies that compared the incidence and severity of WSLs, plaque accumulation and SCB between CA and CF appliances in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. The risk of bias(ROB) and certainty of evidence was assessed independently by two reviewers using Cochrane's ROB and GRADEpro, respectively. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was used to estimate the effect size using STATA 17 software. RESULTS A total of 14 studies met the eligibility criteria, and eight were suitable for meta-analysis. The qualitative results showed lower incidence and severity of WSLs, plaque accumulation, and SCB in CA group compared to CF appliances. The pooled results showed significantly lower plaque accumulation(SMD - 1.58;95%CI:-2.57,0.58;p = 0.002) in CA compared to CF appliances. CONCLUSIONS A moderate-quality evidence reveals less plaque accumulation and less SCB in CA, which might be related to the reduced incidence and severity of WSLs associated with CA when compared with CF appliances. However, the results of the present study should be interpreted with caution given the high ROB among some of the included studies as well as the marked heterogeneity across the studies. CLINICAL RELEVANCE For patients who can be treated with either CA or CF appliances, CA may be a better choice concerning oral health. REGISTRATION Open Science Framework (DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/osf.io/kcpvb ).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shailaja Raghavan
- College of Dental Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box: 2713, Qatar.
| | - Elham S Abu Alhaija
- College of Dental Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box: 2713, Qatar
| | - Mandeep Singh Duggal
- College of Dental Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box: 2713, Qatar
| | | | - Sadeq Ali Al-Maweri
- College of Dental Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box: 2713, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Song Z, Fang S, Guo T, Wen Y, Liu Q, Jin Z. Microbiome and metabolome associated with white spot lesions in patients treated with clear aligners. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1119616. [PMID: 37082715 PMCID: PMC10111054 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1119616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
White spot lesions (WSLs) have long been a noteworthy complication during orthodontic treatment. Recently, an increasing number of orthodontists have found that adolescents undergoing orthodontic treatment with clear aligners are at a higher risk of developing WSLs. The oral microbiota and metabolites are considered the etiologic and regulatory factors of WSLs, but the specific impact of clear aligners on the oral microbiota and metabolites is unknown. This study investigated the differences in the salivary microbiome and metabolome between adolescents with and without WSLs treated with clear aligners. Fifty-five adolescents (aged 11-18) with Invisalign appliances, 27 with and 28 without WSLs, were included. Saliva samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS); the data were further integrated for Spearman correlation analysis. The relative abundances of 14 taxa, including Actinobacteria, Actinomycetales, Rothia, Micrococcaceae, Subdoligranulum, Capnocytophaga, Azospira, Olsenella, Lachnoanaerobaculum, and Abiotrophia, were significantly higher in the WSL group than in the control group. Metabolomic analysis identified 27 potential biomarkers, and most were amino acids, including proline and glycine. The metabolites were implicated in 6 metabolic pathways, including alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism; glycine, serine and threonine metabolism; and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. There was a correlation between the salivary microbial and metabolomic datasets, reflecting the impact of clear aligners on the metabolic activity of the oral flora. A concordant increase in the levels of Lachnoanaerobaculum, Rothia, Subdoligranulum and some amino acids had predictive value for WSL development. In summary, when adolescents undergo long-term clear aligner therapy with poor oral hygiene habits, clear aligners can disrupt the balance of the oral microecosystem and lead to oral microbiota dysbiosis, thereby increasing the risk of developing WSLs. Our findings might contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of WSLs and provide candidate biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of WSLs associated with clear aligners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shishu Fang
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, TaiKang Shanghai Bybo Dental Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Qian Liu, ; Zuolin Jin,
| | - Zuolin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Qian Liu, ; Zuolin Jin,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lotif MAL, Valadas LAR, Fechine FV, Fonseca SGC, Bandeira MAM, Dantas TCFB, Rodrigues Neto EM, Squassi A, Fonteles MMF. A double-blind randomized clinical trial of Brazilian red propolis dentifrice efficacy in orthodontic patients. J Oral Sci 2021; 64:28-32. [PMID: 34955484 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.21-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of a dentifrice containing Brazilian Red Propolis (BRP) against salivary Lactobacillus spp. and plaque formation. METHODS This was a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Forty-two participants were randomized into two groups according to the dentifrice employed: G1 (fluoridated BRP dentifrice) and G2 (fluoridated common dentifrice). Saliva was collected and the visible plaque index (VPI) was recorded at the baseline (D0) and 4 weeks after day 0 (D28). Microbiological analysis was performed using two dilutions. Lactobacillus spp. isolates were identified and their abundance was expressed as log (CFU/mL). RESULTS For the first dilution, the counts of Lactobacillus spp. in G1 was 1.15 ± 0.41 at D0 and 0.68 ± 0.15 at D28 (P < 0.05) and in G2 it was 1.33 ± 0.52 at D0 and 1.84 ± 0.39 at D28 (P < 0.05). For the second dilution, the corresponding values in G1 and G2 were 0.87 ± 0.34 and 0.64 ± 0.37, respectively (P = 0.1547), and 1.54 ± 0.47 and 1.62 ± 0.37, respectively (P = 0.9999). The corresponding VPI values for G1 and G2 were 38.10 ± 17.95 and 20.60 ± 16.44, respectively (P < 0.05), and 38.38 ± 19.65 and 27.40 ± 14.63, respectively (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION The dentifrice containing BRP showed antimicrobial activity against Lactobacillus spp. and decreased the VPI for up to 4 weeks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lídia Audrey R Valadas
- Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing College, Federal University of Ceará.,Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires
| | | | - Said G C Fonseca
- Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing College, Federal University of Ceará
| | | | | | | | - Aldo Squassi
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Al-Melh MA, Bhardwaj RG, Pauline EM, Karched M. Real-time polymerase chain reaction quantification of the salivary levels of cariogenic bacteria in patients with orthodontic fixed appliances. Clin Exp Dent Res 2020; 6:328-335. [PMID: 32185907 PMCID: PMC7301396 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim was to investigate the salivary detection frequencies and quantities of caries‐associated bacteria from patients with orthodontic brackets. Methods Patients wearing orthodontic brackets (n = 40, mean age = 26 years) and healthy controls without brackets (n = 40, mean age = 17 years) were enrolled in the study. Saliva samples from each patient was collected. After DNA purification, target species comprising streptococci and a Lactobacillus species were detected and quantified from the samples using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real‐time quantitative PCR. Results Detection frequencies did not differ between the orthodontic patients and the control subjects for any target species except for Streptococcus sobrinus, which showed significantly lower detection rates in orthodontic patients (p < .05). Lactobacillus casei and Streptococcus gordonii were found at the highest detection frequencies with both species being detected in 38 (95%) of the saliva samples of orthodontic patients. Similarly, L. casei and Streptococcus salivarius were the species with highest detection frequencies (35, 87.5%) in the control subjects. Real‐time PCR revealed that Streptococcus mutans and S. salivarius quantities were significantly higher in orthodontic patients than in the control subjects (p < .05). Conclusions Application of orthodontic brackets for 12 months leads to increased salivary levels of cariogenic bacteria and may serve as a potential risk factor for caries initiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manal A Al-Melh
- Department of Developmental and Preventive Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Radhika G Bhardwaj
- Oral Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Bioclinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Eunice M Pauline
- Oral Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Bioclinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Maribasappa Karched
- Oral Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Bioclinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| |
Collapse
|