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Perdiou A, Fratila AD, Sava-Rosianu R, Alexa VT, Lalescu D, Jumanca D, Galuscan A. In Vivo Performance of Visual Criteria, Laser-Induced Fluorescence, and Light-Induced Fluorescence for Early Caries Detection. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3170. [PMID: 37891991 PMCID: PMC10606100 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13203170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to compare the diagnostic reliability of ICDAS-II visual criteria, light-induced fluorescence (using the VistaCam iX, Dürr Dental, Bietigheim-Bissingen, Germany), and laser-induced fluorescence (using the DIAGNOdent Pen, KaVo, Biberach, Germany) on occlusal caries. Permanent and temporary molars were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Out of 160 teeth that met the inclusion criteria, 139 were chosen and examined by two previously trained and calibrated examiners. The kappa value was 0.95 for both VistaCam iX and DIAGNOdent Pen. Results from visual examination and the readings of the two fluorescence devices were computed, lesions being divided into non-cavitated, enamel lesions, and lesions extended to dentin. All statistical analyses were performed using R (version 4.2.2). Spearman's rank correlation was computed to assess the relationship between the scores of diagnostics reliabilities of the three methods mentioned above. There was a positive, statistically significant Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, ρ = 0.25, between VistaCam iX and ICDAS II, and a positive, not statistically significant Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, ρ = 0.11, between DiagnoDent Pen and ICDAS II. Considering the temporary teeth, there was a positive, statistically significant Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, ρ = 0.52, between VistaCam iX and DiagnoDent Pen; a positive, statistically significant Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, ρ = 0.35, between VistaCam iX and ICDAS II; and the lowest, not statistically significant Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, ρ = 0.16, between DiagnoDent Pen and ICDAS II. Conclusions: In conclusion, ICDAS II and light-induced fluorescence are better diagnostic methods than the laser-induced fluorescence devices for detecting occlusal caries. Clinical Significance: This study may support clinicians in selecting the most efficient tool for diagnosing carious lesion in the earliest stages possible. Furthermore, such technologies raise the availability for more preventive approaches, as opposed to invasive procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis Perdiou
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.P.); (R.S.-R.); (V.T.A.); (D.J.); (A.G.)
| | - Aurora Doris Fratila
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Ruxandra Sava-Rosianu
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.P.); (R.S.-R.); (V.T.A.); (D.J.); (A.G.)
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Center in Oral Health (TEXC-OH), 14A Tudor Vladimirescu Ave., 300173 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Vlad Tiberiu Alexa
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.P.); (R.S.-R.); (V.T.A.); (D.J.); (A.G.)
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Center in Oral Health (TEXC-OH), 14A Tudor Vladimirescu Ave., 300173 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dacian Lalescu
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, King Michael I of Romania from Timișoara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300645 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Daniela Jumanca
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.P.); (R.S.-R.); (V.T.A.); (D.J.); (A.G.)
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Center in Oral Health (TEXC-OH), 14A Tudor Vladimirescu Ave., 300173 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Atena Galuscan
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.P.); (R.S.-R.); (V.T.A.); (D.J.); (A.G.)
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Center in Oral Health (TEXC-OH), 14A Tudor Vladimirescu Ave., 300173 Timisoara, Romania
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Chang JJ, Chen C, Chang J, Koka S, Jokerst JV. A narrative review of imaging tools for imaging subgingival calculus. FRONTIERS OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL MEDICINE 2023; 5:4. [PMID: 37829152 PMCID: PMC10569434 DOI: 10.21037/fomm-21-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objective The conventional method of detecting subgingival calculus involves using a periodontal probe to sense tactile differences on the dental root surface. Although efficient, this method can result in false positives and false negatives. This literature review explores alternative detection techniques that can detect subgingival calculus with improved accuracy and consistency. The accumulation of dental calculus below the gingival margin can foster periodontitis-inducing bacterial growth. Conventional methods of locating subgingival calculus are often inaccurate and highly dependent on clinician skill. This literature review evaluates techniques used to improve the accuracy of imaging and detecting subgingival calculus. Methods Google Scholar, PubMed and PubMed Central databases were searched for peer-reviewed original articles evaluating subgingival calculus imaging and detection techniques. A total of 46 relevant articles ranging from 1981 to 2021 were included. Key Content and Findings This narrative review discusses the subgingival calculus detection and imaging capabilities of periodontal endoscopy in an in vivo study and of optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescence spectroscopy, and differential reflectometry in in vitro settings. Each technique has unique benefits and limitations that distinguishes it from the others. Conclusions In vitro studies have revealed that techniques including periodontal endoscopy, OCT, fluorescence spectroscopy, or differential reflectometry allow for a more accurate diagnosis of subgingival calculus deposits in comparison to detection via periodontal probing. Despite the improved results, the common limitations of these techniques include longer operation times and expensive equipment. Further studies are needed to transition these imaging and detection methods to clinical environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J. Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Casey Chen
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences and Dental Hygiene, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joe Chang
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences and Dental Hygiene, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sreenivas Koka
- School of Dentistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Jesse V. Jokerst
- Material Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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Kumar K, Teoh YY, Walsh LJ. Root canal cleaning in roots with complex canals using agitated irrigation fluids. AUST ENDOD J 2022; 49:56-65. [PMID: 35770921 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The internal topography of the root canal is complex, especially for the mesial root of the permanent first molar. In response to such challenges, enhanced irrigation protocols have been developed, using laser pulses to agitate fluids and enhance the removal of microbial deposits. The aim of this laboratory study was to assess the effectiveness of laser agitation of sodium hypochlorite in removing multispecies biofilms grown in the mesial root of the permanent first molars. The five agitation groups (N = 12 roots for each) were: 940 nm diode laser (superpulsed mode, 50 μs/pulses at 20 Hz using 20 mJ/pulse); 1064 nm Nd: YAG laser (200 μs/pulse at 20 Hz using 20 mJ/pulse); 2940 nm Er: YAG laser (50 μs/pulse at 15 Hz using a 400/14 conical tip in the SWEEPS protocol, with 20 mJ/pulse); passive ultrasonic agitation at 28 kHz (positive control); and irrigation with a 27-gauge side vented needle for 2 min per canal (negative control). Biofilm removal was assessed by confocal microscopic imaging of root slices at 1, 4 and 7 mm from the root apex. None of the tested methods were effective in completely eradicating biofilm from the most confined regions of the root canal system. The greatest challenge was cleaning the isthmus regions. There was a positive correlation between canal cleaning and isthmus cleaning, suggesting that increased effectiveness in cleaning root canal walls is associated with more effective isthmus cleaning. Wider and narrow isthmuses were cleaned better than long and narrow isthmuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kumar
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yu-Yao Teoh
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Laurence J Walsh
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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Chen Q, Jin X, Zhu H, Salehi HS, Wei K. 3D distribution of dental plaque on occlusal surface using 2D-fluorescence-image to 3D-surface registration. Comput Biol Med 2020; 123:103860. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Pentapati KC, Siddiq H. Clinical applications of intraoral camera to increase patient compliance - current perspectives. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2019; 11:267-278. [PMID: 31692486 PMCID: PMC6712211 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s192847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Technological advancements in the field of dentistry have reformed the concept of photography as a powerful medium of expression and communication. It also offers a spectrum of perception, interpretation, and execution. One of the widespread clinical applications of computerization in dentistry today is the intraoral camera (IOC). It helps in the revelation of the hidden and overlooked defects in teeth and other parts of the cavity. Dental world constitutes of microstructures that have to be recorded in a detailed manner to perform patient education, documentation of records and treatment, illustration of lectures, publication and web connectivity of complicated cases. This review emphasizes the significant applications of IOC in dentistry and its possible impact on patient compliance for dental care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyana-Chakravarthy Pentapati
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Hanan Siddiq
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Dąbrowski P, Grzelak J, Kulus M, Staniowski T. Diagnodent and VistaCam may be unsuitable for the evaluation of dental caries in archeological teeth. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2019; 168:797-808. [PMID: 30693947 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to compare the usefulness of fluorescence-based caries detection systems (Diagnodent and VistaCam) for the assessment of carious lesions on archeological molars. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study material consisted of teeth from the Cemetery of St. Mary Magdalene (Cmentarz św. Marii Magdaleny) in Wrocław, Poland. A sample of 178 permanent molars from 38 skulls were examined. Five surfaces of teeth (occlusal, mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual) were assessed on either basically cleaned or sandblasted teeth. Six diagnostic methods were used to detect carious lesions: the visual classification of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II), fluorescent methods (Diagnodent and VistaCam), X-ray, cone beam computed tomography and histological sections. The sensitivity and specificity of the methods were determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the correlation between the severity of dental caries and the readouts obtained with each method. RESULTS In most cases, Diagnodent and VistaCam yielded unsatisfactory specificity and sensitivity values. The area under curve (AUC) values in ROC curves for Diagnodent and Vistacam were lower than the AUC values obtained for the ICDAS II visual classification. CONCLUSIONS According to our results, in the case of archeological teeth, neither Diagnodent nor VistaCam can be regarded as a better diagnostic method than the ICDAS II visual classification of caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Dąbrowski
- Division of Normal Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Grzelak
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Michał Kulus
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Staniowski
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Pedodontics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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