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Vendramini PH, Zeoly LA, Cormanich RA, Buehl M, Eberlin MN, Ferreira BRV. Unveiling the mechanism of N-methylation of indole with dimethylcarbonate using either DABCO or DBU as catalyst. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2021; 56:e4707. [PMID: 33590578 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Depending on the catalyst used, N-methylation of indole with dimethylcarbonate (DMC)-an environmentally friendly alkylation agent-yields different products. With 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), the reaction forms only N-methylated indole, but with 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), both N-methylated and N-methoxycarbonylated indole are formed. Using direct ESI(+)-MS monitoring to collect actual snapshots of the changing ionic composition of the reaction solution, we report on the interception and characterization of key intermediates for such reactions. Although a mechanism has been proposed with methoxycarbonylated base as the key intermediate for both DBU and DABCO, the ESI(+)-MS data and B3LYP-D3/6-311+G** calculations suggest that the reaction of DMC with indole under either DABCO or DBU catalysis follows contrasting mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H Vendramini
- Thomson Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, PO Box 6154, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Lucas A Zeoly
- Laboratory of Synthesis of Natural Products and Drugs, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, PO Box 6154, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Cormanich
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, PO Box 6154, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Michael Buehl
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Marcos N Eberlin
- Thomson Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, PO Box 6154, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
- MackMass Laboratory, School of Engineering-PPGEMN, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Rua da Consolação, 896, São Paulo, São Paulo, 01302-907, Brazil
| | - Bruno R V Ferreira
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Northern Minas Gerais-IFNMG, PO Box 71, Salinas, Minas Gerais, 39560-000, Brazil
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2
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Computational mechanistic study on molecular catalysis of water oxidation by cyclam ligand-based iron complex. Theor Chem Acc 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-020-02664-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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3
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Karami K, Ramezanpour A, Zakariazadeh M, Silvestru C. Catalytic activity and facile recovery of a cyclometalated N‐heterocyclic carbene palladium(II) complex immobilized by non‐covalent interactions on reduced graphene oxide. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazem Karami
- Department of ChemistryIsfahan University of Technology Isfahan 84156/83111 Iran
| | - Azar Ramezanpour
- Department of ChemistryIsfahan University of Technology Isfahan 84156/83111 Iran
| | - Mostafa Zakariazadeh
- Research Institute for Fundamental Sciences (RIFS)University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran
| | - Cristian Silvestru
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBabes‐Bolyai University Cluj‐Napoca Romania
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Liu H, Chen JG, Wang C, Liu ZT, Li Y, Liu ZW, Xiao J, Lu J. Immobilization of Cyclometalated Iridium Complex onto Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for Dehydrogenation of Indolines in Aqueous Solution. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b02804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), and School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Jian-Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), and School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), and School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Zhao-Tie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), and School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Yang Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Zhong-Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), and School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Jianliang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), and School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Jian Lu
- State
Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China
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5
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Santos M, Rodrigues M, Santos A, Valerio M, Martins G, Sucupira R, Meneghetti L, Suarez P. Metal-cellulose catalytic systems for biodiesel preparation and reductive stabilization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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Trillo P, Pastor IM. Iron-Based Imidazolium Salts as Versatile Catalysts for the Synthesis of Quinolines and 2- and 4-Allylanilines by Allylic Substitution of Alcohols. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paz Trillo
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO); University of Alicante; Apdo. 99 03080 Alicante Spain
| | - Isidro M. Pastor
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO); University of Alicante; Apdo. 99 03080 Alicante Spain
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7
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Rodrigues TS, Machado F, Lalli PM, Eberlin MN, Neto BA. Styrene polymerization efficiently catalyzed by iron-containing imidazolium-based ionic liquids: Reaction mechanism and enhanced ionic liquid effect. CATAL COMMUN 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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8
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Barcelos RC, Zeoly LA, Rodrigues MT, Ferreira BRV, Eberlin MN, Coelho F. Morita–Baylis–Hillman adducts as building blocks of heterocycles: a simple approach to 4-substituted pyrazolones, and mechanism investigation via ESI–MS(/MS). MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-015-1427-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Huxel T, Klingele J. Cobalt(II) complexes of a new imidazolium-tagged thiadiazole ligand with bis(trifluormethylsulfonyl)imide or tetraisothiocyanato cobaltate as counterion. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-014-9890-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Limberger J, Leal BC, Monteiro AL, Dupont J. Charge-tagged ligands: useful tools for immobilising complexes and detecting reaction species during catalysis. Chem Sci 2014; 6:77-94. [PMID: 28553458 PMCID: PMC5424467 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc02151g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical overview is presented on the use of charged tagged ligands (CTLs) as immobilising agents in organometallic catalysis and as probes for studying mechanisms through electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) based on the most recent literature.
In recent years, charge-tagged ligands (CTLs) have become valuable tools in organometallic catalysis. Insertion of an ionic side chain into the molecular skeleton of a known ligand has become a useful protocol for anchoring ligands, and consequently catalysts, in polar and ionic liquid phases. In addition, the insertion of a cationic moiety into a ligand is a powerful tool that can be used to detect reaction intermediates in organometallic catalysis through electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) experiments. The insertion of an ionic tag ensures the charge in the intermediates independently of the ESI-MS. For this reason, these ligands have been used as ionic probes in mechanistic studies for several catalytic reactions. Here, we summarise selected examples on the use of CTLs as immobilising agents in organometallic catalysis and as probes for studying mechanisms through ESI-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jones Limberger
- Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis , Institute of Chemistry - UFRGS , Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970, CP 15003 , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Bárbara C Leal
- Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis , Institute of Chemistry - UFRGS , Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970, CP 15003 , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Adriano L Monteiro
- Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis , Institute of Chemistry - UFRGS , Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970, CP 15003 , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Jairton Dupont
- Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis , Institute of Chemistry - UFRGS , Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970, CP 15003 , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil .,School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , University Park , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK .
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11
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Rodrigues TS, Silva VHC, Lalli PM, de Oliveira HCB, da Silva WA, Coelho F, Eberlin MN, Neto BAD. Morita–Baylis–Hillman Reaction: ESI-MS(/MS) Investigation with Charge Tags and Ionic Liquid Effect Origin Revealed by DFT Calculations. J Org Chem 2014; 79:5239-48. [DOI: 10.1021/jo500799j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thyago S. Rodrigues
- Laboratory
of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, P.O.
Box 4478, 70904-970 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Valter H. C. Silva
- Laboratory
of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, P.O.
Box 4478, 70904-970 Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Unidade
Universitária de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, P.O. Box 459, 75001-970 Anápolis, GO, Brazil
| | - Priscila M. Lalli
- ThoMSon
Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Heibbe C. B. de Oliveira
- Laboratory
of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, P.O.
Box 4478, 70904-970 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Wender A. da Silva
- Laboratory
of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, P.O.
Box 4478, 70904-970 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Fernando Coelho
- ThoMSon
Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos N. Eberlin
- ThoMSon
Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Brenno A. D. Neto
- Laboratory
of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, P.O.
Box 4478, 70904-970 Brasília, DF, Brazil
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12
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Alvim HG, Bataglion GA, Ramos LM, de Oliveira AL, de Oliveira HC, Eberlin MN, de Macedo JL, da Silva WA, Neto BA. Task-specific ionic liquid incorporating anionic heteropolyacid-catalyzed Hantzsch and Mannich multicomponent reactions. Ionic liquid effect probed by ESI-MS(/MS). Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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dos Santos MR, Coriolano R, Godoi MN, Monteiro AL, de Oliveira HCB, Eberlin MN, Neto BAD. Phosphine-free Heck reaction: mechanistic insights and catalysis “on water” using a charge-tagged palladium complex. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj00285g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Ying A, Qiu F, Wu C, Hu H, Yang J. Ionic tagged amine supported on magnetic nanoparticles: synthesis and application for versatile catalytic Knoevenagel condensation in water. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05540c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Propylamine modified with imidazolium ionic moiety grafted onto magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was prepared and evaluated as a catalyst for Knoevenagel condensation in water at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anguo Ying
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering
- Taizhou University
- Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Fangli Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering
- Taizhou University
- Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Chenglin Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering
- Taizhou University
- Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Huanan Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering
- Taizhou University
- Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Jianguo Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering
- Taizhou University
- Taizhou 318000, China
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15
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Ying A, Liu S, Ni Y, Qiu F, Xu S, Tang W. Ionic tagged DABCO grafted on magnetic nanoparticles: a water-compatible catalyst for the aqueous aza-Michael addition of amines to α,β-unsaturated amides. Catal Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cy00232f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A water compatible DABCO grafted on magnetic nanoparticles with an ionic tag has been developed and used to catalyze the aza-Michael addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anguo Ying
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering
- Taizhou University
- Taizhou 318000, PR China
| | - Shuo Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yuxiang Ni
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Fangli Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering
- Taizhou University
- Taizhou 318000, PR China
| | - Songlin Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Wenyuan Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering
- Taizhou University
- Taizhou 318000, PR China
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16
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Ji D, Su L, Zhao K, Wang B, Hu P, Feng C, Xiang S, Yang H, Zhang C. Iron(III) Chloride Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling Reaction of 1,2-Diarylethylene Derivatives. CHINESE J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201300308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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17
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Alvim HGO, de Lima TB, de Oliveira HCB, Gozzo FC, de Macedo JL, Abdelnur PV, Silva WA, Neto BAD. Ionic Liquid Effect over the Biginelli Reaction under Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis. ACS Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/cs400291t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fabio C. Gozzo
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Julio L. de Macedo
- Laboratory of Catalysis, Institute
of Chemistry, University of Brasília, P. O. Box 4478, CEP 70904970, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Patricia V. Abdelnur
- Embrapa Agroenergia, PqEB s/no Avenida W3 Norte (final), Edifício Embrapa Agroenergia,
CEP: 70770-901, P. O. Box 40315
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Ramos LM, Guido BC, Nobrega CC, Corrêa JR, Silva RG, de Oliveira HCB, Gomes AF, Gozzo FC, Neto BAD. The Biginelli reaction with an imidazolium-tagged recyclable iron catalyst: kinetics, mechanism, and antitumoral activity. Chemistry 2013; 19:4156-68. [PMID: 23460474 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The present work describes the synthesis, characterization, and application of a new ion-tagged iron catalyst. The catalyst was employed in the Biginelli reaction with impressive performance. High yields have been achieved when the reaction was carried out in imidazolium-based ionic liquids (BMI⋅PF6, BMI⋅NTf2, and BMI⋅BF4), thus showing that the ionic-liquid effects play a role in the reaction. Moreover, the ion-tagged catalyst could be recovered and reused up to eight times without any noticeable loss in activity. Mechanistic studies performed by using high-resolution electrospray-ionization quadrupole-time-of-flight mass (HR-EI-QTOF) spectrometry and kinetic experiments indicate only one reaction pathway and rule out the other two possibilities under the development conditions. The theoretical calculations are in accordance with the proposed mechanism of action of the iron catalyst. Finally, the 37 dihydropyrimidinone derivatives, products of the Biginelli reaction, had their cytotoxicity evaluated in assays against MCF-7 cancer cell linages with encouraging results of some derivatives, which were virtually non-toxic against healthy cell linages (fibroblasts).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana M Ramos
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasilia (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70904970, P.O.Box 4478, Brasilia-DF, Brazil
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