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Kim YJ, Song CE, Suranagi SR, Lee JC, Park CE. Markedly different molecular formation in DPP-based small-molecule solar cells probed by grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2017; 73:916-922. [PMID: 28980997 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520617009933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study comprehensively explores the nanostructural properties of two diketopyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione (DPP)-based small molecules with different alkyl side groups and their blends with the fullerene derivative PC71BM, using grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering synchrotron techniques. Preferentially relative face-on orientation within the larger and more ordered stacking phase of SM1 with its shorter side group (ethylhexyl) was observed in the majority of both pristine and blend thin films, whereas SM2 crystals showed strictly perpendicular orientation. These contrasting crystalline characteristics led to significant differences in the results, from which crystalline structure-performance property correlations are proposed. Thus, the results not only demonstrate important scientific insights into the relationship between molecular structure and crystalline formation but also provide molecular design directions that will facilitate further improvement to the morphology and performance of DPP-based small-molecule solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin Kim
- POSTECH Organic Electronics Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Eun Song
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeongro, Yuseong, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanjaykumar R Suranagi
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeongro, Yuseong, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Cheol Lee
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeongro, Yuseong, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Eon Park
- POSTECH Organic Electronics Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
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Sadeq H, Thiemann T, Graham JP, al Jasem Y, Bugenhagen B, Al-Rawashdeh N, al Sulaibi M. Preparation of 3-(9-Anthryl)acrylates and 9-Aroylethenylanthracenes as Pi-Extended Anthracenes and Their Diels–Alder Type Adducts with Electron-Poor Dienophiles. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2016.1220962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hasnaa Sadeq
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thies Thiemann
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - John P. Graham
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yosef al Jasem
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Nathir Al-Rawashdeh
- Department of Applied Chemical Sciences, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mazen al Sulaibi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Song CE, Kim YJ, Suranagi SR, Kini GP, Park S, Lee SK, Shin WS, Moon SJ, Kang IN, Park CE, Lee JC. Impact of the Crystalline Packing Structures on Charge Transport and Recombination via Alkyl Chain Tunability of DPP-Based Small Molecules in Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:12940-50. [PMID: 27156705 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b01576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A series of small compound materials based on benzodithiophene (BDT) and diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) with three different alkyl side chains were synthesized and used for organic photovoltaics. These small compounds had different alkyl branches (i.e., 2-ethylhexyl (EH), 2-butyloctyl (BO), and 2-hexyldecyl (HD)) attached to DPP units. Thin films made of these compounds were characterized and their solar cell parameters were measured in order to systematically analyze influences of the different side chains of compounds on the film microstructure, molecular packing, and hence, charge-transport and recombination properties. The relatively shorter side chains in the small molecules enabled more ordered packing structures with higher crystallinities, which resulted in higher carrier mobilities and less recombination factors; the small molecule with the EH branches exhibited the best semiconducting properties with a power conversion efficiency of up to 5.54% in solar cell devices. Our study suggested that tuning the alkyl chain length of semiconducting molecules is a powerful strategy for achieving high performance of organic photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Eun Song
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) , Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
- Chemical Convergence Materials Major, University of Science and Technology (UST) , Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jin Kim
- POSTECH Organic Electronics Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanjaykumar R Suranagi
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) , Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
- Chemical Convergence Materials Major, University of Science and Technology (UST) , Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea
| | - Gururaj P Kini
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) , Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
- Chemical Convergence Materials Major, University of Science and Technology (UST) , Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangheon Park
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) , Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University , 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeong Gi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Lee
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) , Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
- Chemical Convergence Materials Major, University of Science and Technology (UST) , Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Suk Shin
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) , Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
- Chemical Convergence Materials Major, University of Science and Technology (UST) , Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Moon
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) , Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
- Chemical Convergence Materials Major, University of Science and Technology (UST) , Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Nam Kang
- Department of Chemistry, The Catholic University of Korea , Bucheon, Gyeong Gi-do 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Eon Park
- POSTECH Organic Electronics Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Cheol Lee
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) , Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
- Chemical Convergence Materials Major, University of Science and Technology (UST) , Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea
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