1
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Berardi S, Cristino V, Bignozzi CA, Grandi S, Caramori S. Hematite-based photoelectrochemical interfaces for solar fuel production. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.120862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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2
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Ulusoy Ghobadi TG, Ozbay E, Karadas F. How to Build Prussian Blue Based Water Oxidation Catalytic Assemblies: Common Trends and Strategies. Chemistry 2021; 27:3638-3649. [PMID: 33197292 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Prussian blue (PB) and its analogues (PBAs) have at least a three-century-long history in coordination chemistry. Recently, cobalt-based PBAs have been acknowledged as efficient and robust water oxidation catalysts. Given the flexibility in their synthesis, the structure and morphology of cobalt-based PBAs have been modified for enhanced catalytic activity under electrochemical (EC), photocatalytic (PC), and photoelectrochemical (PEC) conditions. Here, in this review, the work on cobalt-based PBAs is presented in four sections: i) electrocatalytic water oxidation with bare PBAs, ii) photocatalytic processes in the presence of a photosensitizer (PS), iii) photoelectrochemical water oxidation by coupling PBAs to proper semiconductors (SCs), and iv) the utilization of PBA-PS assemblies coated on SCs for the dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical water oxidation. This review will guide readers through the structure and catalytic activity relationship in cobalt-based PBAs by describing the role of each structural component. Furthermore, this review aims to provide insight into common strategies to enhance the catalytic activity of PBAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gamze Ulusoy Ghobadi
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Ekmel Ozbay
- NANOTAM-Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Ferdi Karadas
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey.,Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
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3
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Mei Y, Chen Z, Yang W. Self-Consistent Calculation of the Localized Orbital Scaling Correction for Correct Electron Densities and Energy-Level Alignments in Density Functional Theory. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:10269-10277. [PMID: 33215928 PMCID: PMC8341159 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The recently developed localized orbital scaling correction (LOSC) method shows the ability to systematically and size-consistently reduce the delocalization error existing in conventional density functional approximations (DFAs). However, the application of LOSC to DFAs was mainly through a post self-consistent field (SCF) manner, and few results from applying LOSC to DFAs in an SCF manner have been reported. The reason is that the originally proposed SCF approach to SCF-LOSC calculation uses an approximate Hamiltonian and encounters convergence problems easily in practice. In this work, we develop a new SCF approach with a correct Hamiltonian and achieve reliable SCF-LOSC calculations. We demonstrate the capability of the new SCF approach for SCF-LOSC to correctly describe the electron densities, total energies, and energy-level alignment for the molecular dissociation process, while conventional DFAs or LOSC-DFAs with post-SCF calculations show large errors. This work demonstrates that the new SCF approach for SCF-LOSC would be a promising method for studying problems for correct electron densities and energy-level alignments in large systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Weitao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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4
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Ahmed MG, Zhang M, Tay YF, Chiam SY, Wong LH. Surface Modification of Hematite Photoanodes with CeO x Cocatalyst for Improved Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation Kinetics. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:5489-5496. [PMID: 32776429 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hematite is a promising photoanode for solar water splitting by photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells, but its performance is limited by the slow kinetics of water oxidation reaction or oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Surface modification of hematite photoanodes with a suitable water oxidation cocatalyst is a key strategy for improving the kinetics of water oxidation. In this study, a CeOx overlayer is deposited on the surface of the hematite photoanode by a water-based solution method with ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) followed by heat treatment. The photocurrent of CeOx -modified hematite is 3 times higher than that of pristine hematite (at 1.23 V vs. RHE) under AM 1.5G, 1 sun conditions. Through hole-scavenger measurements, Tafel plot analysis, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, it is concluded that CeOx overlayer increases the hole injection efficiency, improves the surface catalytic activity, and enhances charge transfer across the photoanode/electrolyte interface. These observations are attributed to the synergistic effects of Ce3+ /Ce4+ redox species in CeOx and the oxygen vacancies. This work elucidates the role of CeOx as an efficient cocatalyst overlayer to improve the OER kinetics of photoanodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud G Ahmed
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Innovis, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ying Fan Tay
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Sing Yang Chiam
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Innovis, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Lydia H Wong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, 1 Create Way, Singapore, Singapore, 139602, Singapore
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5
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Zhao D, Lu Y, Ma D. Effects of Structure and Constituent of Prussian Blue Analogs on Their Application in Oxygen Evolution Reaction. Molecules 2020; 25:E2304. [PMID: 32422929 PMCID: PMC7288040 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of advanced energy-conversion devices such as water electrolysis has manifested dramatically over the past few decades because it is the current mainstay for the generation of green energy. Anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in water splitting is one of the biggest obstacles because of its extremely high kinetic barrier. Conventional OER catalysts are mainly noble-metal oxides represented by IrO2 and RuO2, but these compounds tend to have poor sustainability. The attention on Prussian blue (PB) and its analogs (PBA) in the field of energy conversion systems was concentrated on their open-framework structure, as well as its varied composition comprised of Earth-abundant elements. The unique electronic structure of PBA enables its promising catalytic potential, and it can also be converted into many other talented compounds or structures as a precursor. This undoubtedly provides a new approach for the design of green OER catalysts. This article reviews the recent progress of the application of PBA and its derivatives in OER based on in-depth studies of characterization techniques. The structural design, synthetic strategy, and enhanced electrochemical properties are summarized to provide an outlook for its application in the field of OER. Moreover, due to the similarity of the reaction process of photo-driven electrolysis of water and the former one, the application of PBA in photoelectrolysis is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongni Zhao
- School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China;
| | - Yuezhen Lu
- Department of Engineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YR, UK;
| | - Dongge Ma
- School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China;
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6
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Ulusoy Ghobadi TG, Ghobadi A, Buyuktemiz M, Yildiz EA, Berna Yildiz D, Yaglioglu HG, Dede Y, Ozbay E, Karadas F. A Robust, Precious‐Metal‐Free Dye‐Sensitized Photoanode for Water Oxidation: A Nanosecond‐Long Excited‐State Lifetime through a Prussian Blue Analogue. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Gamze Ulusoy Ghobadi
- UNAM—National Nanotechnology Research Center Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Bilkent University 06800 Ankara Turkey
- Department of Energy Engineering Faculty of Engineering Ankara University 06830 Ankara Turkey
| | - Amir Ghobadi
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering and NANOTAM—Nanotechnology Research Center Bilkent University 06800 Ankara Turkey
| | - Muhammed Buyuktemiz
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Gazi University Teknikokullar 06500 Ankara Turkey
| | - Elif Akhuseyin Yildiz
- Department of Engineering Physics Faculty of Engineering Ankara University 06100 Ankara Turkey
| | - Dilara Berna Yildiz
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Gazi University Teknikokullar 06500 Ankara Turkey
| | - H. Gul Yaglioglu
- Department of Engineering Physics Faculty of Engineering Ankara University 06100 Ankara Turkey
| | - Yavuz Dede
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Gazi University Teknikokullar 06500 Ankara Turkey
| | - Ekmel Ozbay
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering and NANOTAM—Nanotechnology Research Center Bilkent University 06800 Ankara Turkey
- Department of Physics Faculty of Science Bilkent University 06800 Ankara Turkey
| | - Ferdi Karadas
- UNAM—National Nanotechnology Research Center Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Bilkent University 06800 Ankara Turkey
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Bilkent University 06800 Ankara Turkey
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7
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Ulusoy Ghobadi TG, Ghobadi A, Buyuktemiz M, Yildiz EA, Berna Yildiz D, Yaglioglu HG, Dede Y, Ozbay E, Karadas F. A Robust, Precious‐Metal‐Free Dye‐Sensitized Photoanode for Water Oxidation: A Nanosecond‐Long Excited‐State Lifetime through a Prussian Blue Analogue. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:4082-4090. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Gamze Ulusoy Ghobadi
- UNAM—National Nanotechnology Research Center Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Bilkent University 06800 Ankara Turkey
- Department of Energy Engineering Faculty of Engineering Ankara University 06830 Ankara Turkey
| | - Amir Ghobadi
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering and NANOTAM—Nanotechnology Research Center Bilkent University 06800 Ankara Turkey
| | - Muhammed Buyuktemiz
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Gazi University Teknikokullar 06500 Ankara Turkey
| | - Elif Akhuseyin Yildiz
- Department of Engineering Physics Faculty of Engineering Ankara University 06100 Ankara Turkey
| | - Dilara Berna Yildiz
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Gazi University Teknikokullar 06500 Ankara Turkey
| | - H. Gul Yaglioglu
- Department of Engineering Physics Faculty of Engineering Ankara University 06100 Ankara Turkey
| | - Yavuz Dede
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Gazi University Teknikokullar 06500 Ankara Turkey
| | - Ekmel Ozbay
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering and NANOTAM—Nanotechnology Research Center Bilkent University 06800 Ankara Turkey
- Department of Physics Faculty of Science Bilkent University 06800 Ankara Turkey
| | - Ferdi Karadas
- UNAM—National Nanotechnology Research Center Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Bilkent University 06800 Ankara Turkey
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Bilkent University 06800 Ankara Turkey
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8
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Iyer A, Kearney K, Ertekin E. Computational Approaches to Photoelectrode Design through Molecular Functionalization for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:1858-1871. [PMID: 30693653 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201802514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical water splitting is a promising carbon-free approach to produce hydrogen from water. A photoelectrochemical cell consists of a semiconductor photoelectrode in contact with an aqueous electrolyte. Its performance is sensitive to properties of the photoelectrode/electrolyte interface, which may be tuned through functionalization of the photoelectrode surface with organic molecules. This can lead to improvements in the photoelectrode's properties. This Minireview summarizes key computational investigations on using molecular functionalization to modify photoelectrode stability, barrier height, and catalytic activity. It is discussed how first-principles density functional theory, first-principles molecular dynamics, and device modeling simulations can provide predictive insights and complement experimental investigations of functionalized photoelectrodes. Challenges and future directions in the computational modeling of functionalized photoelectrode/electrolyte interfaces within the context of experimental studies are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwathi Iyer
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 W Green Street, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- International Institute of Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 104 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Kara Kearney
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W Green Street, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- International Institute of Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 104 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Elif Ertekin
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W Green Street, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- International Institute of Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 104 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
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9
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Bae S, Jang JE, Lee HW, Ryu J. Tailored Assembly of Molecular Water Oxidation Catalysts on Photoelectrodes for Artificial Photosynthesis. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyun Bae
- Department of Energy Engineering; School of Energy and Chemical Engineering; Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST); 50 UNIST-gil Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Jang
- Department of Energy Engineering; School of Energy and Chemical Engineering; Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST); 50 UNIST-gil Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Wook Lee
- Department of Energy Engineering; School of Energy and Chemical Engineering; Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST); 50 UNIST-gil Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Jungki Ryu
- Department of Energy Engineering; School of Energy and Chemical Engineering; Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST); 50 UNIST-gil Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
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10
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Ortuño MA, López N. Reaction mechanisms at the homogeneous–heterogeneous frontier: insights from first-principles studies on ligand-decorated metal nanoparticles. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy01351b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The frontiers between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis are progressively disappearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A. Ortuño
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)
- Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Núria López
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)
- Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
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11
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Kap Z, Karadas F. Visible light-driven water oxidation with a ruthenium sensitizer and a cobalt-based catalyst connected with a polymeric platform. Faraday Discuss 2019; 215:111-122. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00166a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel PS–WOC dyad which incorporates a ruthenium-based photosensitizer (PS) connected to a Prussian blue type water oxidation catalyst (WOC) through a P4VP platform is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Kap
- Department of Chemistry
- Bilkent University
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Ferdi Karadas
- Department of Chemistry
- Bilkent University
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
- UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology
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12
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Ulusoy Ghobadi TG, Akhuseyin Yildiz E, Buyuktemiz M, Sadigh Akbari S, Topkaya D, İsci Ü, Dede Y, Yaglioglu HG, Karadas F. A Noble‐Metal‐Free Heterogeneous Photosensitizer‐Relay Catalyst Triad That Catalyzes Water Oxidation under Visible Light. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201811570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Gamze Ulusoy Ghobadi
- UNAM—National Nanotechnology Research Center Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Bilkent University 06800 Ankara Turkey
- Department of Energy Engineering Faculty of Engineering Ankara University 06830 Ankara Turkey
| | - Elif Akhuseyin Yildiz
- Department of Engineering Physics Faculty of Engineering Ankara University 06100 Ankara Turkey
| | - Muhammed Buyuktemiz
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Gazi University, Teknikokullar 06500 Ankara Turkey
| | - Sina Sadigh Akbari
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Bilkent University 06800 Ankara Turkey
| | - Derya Topkaya
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Dokuz Eylul University Tınaztepe Campus Izmir Turkey
| | - Ümit İsci
- Department of Chemistry Gebze Technical University 41400 Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Yavuz Dede
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Gazi University, Teknikokullar 06500 Ankara Turkey
| | - H. Gul Yaglioglu
- Department of Engineering Physics Faculty of Engineering Ankara University 06100 Ankara Turkey
| | - Ferdi Karadas
- UNAM—National Nanotechnology Research Center Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Bilkent University 06800 Ankara Turkey
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Bilkent University 06800 Ankara Turkey
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13
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Ulusoy Ghobadi TG, Akhuseyin Yildiz E, Buyuktemiz M, Sadigh Akbari S, Topkaya D, İsci Ü, Dede Y, Yaglioglu HG, Karadas F. A Noble‐Metal‐Free Heterogeneous Photosensitizer‐Relay Catalyst Triad That Catalyzes Water Oxidation under Visible Light. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:17173-17177. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Gamze Ulusoy Ghobadi
- UNAM—National Nanotechnology Research Center Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Bilkent University 06800 Ankara Turkey
- Department of Energy Engineering Faculty of Engineering Ankara University 06830 Ankara Turkey
| | - Elif Akhuseyin Yildiz
- Department of Engineering Physics Faculty of Engineering Ankara University 06100 Ankara Turkey
| | - Muhammed Buyuktemiz
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Gazi University, Teknikokullar 06500 Ankara Turkey
| | - Sina Sadigh Akbari
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Bilkent University 06800 Ankara Turkey
| | - Derya Topkaya
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Dokuz Eylul University Tınaztepe Campus Izmir Turkey
| | - Ümit İsci
- Department of Chemistry Gebze Technical University 41400 Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Yavuz Dede
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Gazi University, Teknikokullar 06500 Ankara Turkey
| | - H. Gul Yaglioglu
- Department of Engineering Physics Faculty of Engineering Ankara University 06100 Ankara Turkey
| | - Ferdi Karadas
- UNAM—National Nanotechnology Research Center Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Bilkent University 06800 Ankara Turkey
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Bilkent University 06800 Ankara Turkey
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14
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Alsaç EP, Ülker E, Nune SVK, Dede Y, Karadas F. Tuning the Electronic Properties of Prussian Blue Analogues for Efficient Water Oxidation Electrocatalysis: Experimental and Computational Studies. Chemistry 2018; 24:4856-4863. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Pınar Alsaç
- Department of Chemistry; Bilkent University; 06800 Ankara Turkey
| | - Emine Ülker
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Arts & Sciences; Recep Tayyip Erdogan University; 53100 Rize Turkey
| | | | - Yavuz Dede
- Faculty of Science; Department of Chemistry; Gazi University; 06500 Ankara Turkey
| | - Ferdi Karadas
- Department of Chemistry; Bilkent University; 06800 Ankara Turkey
- UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology; Bilkent University; 06800 Ankara Turkey
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