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Fernández-Bautista M, Martínez-Gómez S, Rivas S, Alonso JL, Parajó JC. Advances on Cellulose Manufacture in Biphasic Reaction Media. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12404. [PMID: 37569779 PMCID: PMC10418468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulose is produced industrially by the kraft and sulfite processes. The evolution of these technologies in biorefineries is driven by the need to obtain greater added value through the efficient use of raw materials and energy. In this field, organosolv technologies (and within them, those using liquid phases made up of water and one partly miscible organic solvent, known as "biphasic fractionation" in reference to the number of liquid phases) represent an alternative that is receiving increasing interest. This study considers basic aspects of the composition of lignocellulosic materials, describes the fundamentals of industrial cellulose pulp production processes, introduces the organosolv methods, and comprehensively reviews published results on organosolv fractionation based on the use of media containing water and an immiscible solvent (1-butanol, 1-pentanol or 2-methyltetrahydrofuran). Special attention is devoted to aspects related to cellulose recovery and fractionation selectivity, measured through the amount and composition of the treated solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Fernández-Bautista
- Faculty of Science, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), Polytechnical Building, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (S.M.-G.); (S.R.); (J.L.A.)
- CINBIO, University of Vigo (Campus Lagoas-Marcosende), 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Sergio Martínez-Gómez
- Faculty of Science, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), Polytechnical Building, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (S.M.-G.); (S.R.); (J.L.A.)
- CINBIO, University of Vigo (Campus Lagoas-Marcosende), 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Sandra Rivas
- Faculty of Science, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), Polytechnical Building, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (S.M.-G.); (S.R.); (J.L.A.)
- CINBIO, University of Vigo (Campus Lagoas-Marcosende), 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - José Luis Alonso
- Faculty of Science, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), Polytechnical Building, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (S.M.-G.); (S.R.); (J.L.A.)
- CINBIO, University of Vigo (Campus Lagoas-Marcosende), 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Parajó
- Faculty of Science, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), Polytechnical Building, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (S.M.-G.); (S.R.); (J.L.A.)
- CINBIO, University of Vigo (Campus Lagoas-Marcosende), 36310 Vigo, Spain
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2
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Schrey SD, Martinez Diaz J, Becker L, Mademann JA, Ohrem B, Drobietz D, Chaloupsky P, Jablonowski ND, Wever C, Grande PM, Pestsova E, Klose H. Cell wall composition and biomass saccharification potential of Sida hermaphrodita differ between genetically distant accessions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1191249. [PMID: 37457355 PMCID: PMC10340120 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1191249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Due to its ample production of lignocellulosic biomass, Sida hermaphrodita (Sida), a perennial forb, is considered a valuable raw material for biorefinery processes. The recalcitrant nature of Sida lignocellulosic biomass towards pretreatment and fractionation processes has previously been studied. However, Sida is a non-domesticated species and here we aimed at expanding the potential of such plants in terms of their processability for downstream processes by making use of the natural variety of Sida. To achieve this goal, we established a collection comprising 16 different Sida accessions obtained from North America and Europe. First, we asked whether their cell wall characteristics are reflected in genetic distance or geographical distribution, respectively. A genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) analysis resulting in a phylogenic tree based on 751 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), revealed a high genetic diversity and a clear separation between accessions collected in North America and Europe. Further, all three North American accessions were separated from each other. Of the eleven European accessions, five form individual groups and six others belong to a single group. Clonal plants of seven selected accessions of American and European origin were produced and cultivated under greenhouse conditions and the resulting plant material was used for in-depth wet-chemical and spectroscopic cell wall characterization. Two accessions with contrasting cell wall characteristics were then selected and processed using the OrganoCat technology. Results of the different product yields and chemical compositions are reported. Overall, cell wall analyses revealed contrasting clusters regarding these main components between the accessions that can be related to genetic and, partly, geographical distance. Phenotypically, the accessions clustered into two groups that are not entirely overlapping with geographical origin. These results can be the basis for a targeted selection or cultivation of Sida accessions for biorefinery approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia D. Schrey
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences/Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jimena Martinez Diaz
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences/Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lukas Becker
- Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jane A. Mademann
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences/Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Benedict Ohrem
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences/Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dagmar Drobietz
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences/Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Pavel Chaloupsky
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences/Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Nicolai D. Jablonowski
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences/Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christian Wever
- Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp M. Grande
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences/Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Elena Pestsova
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences/Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Holger Klose
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences/Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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3
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Haldar D, Dey P, Thomas J, Singhania RR, Patel AK. One pot bioprocessing in lignocellulosic biorefinery: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 365:128180. [PMID: 36283673 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Practically, high-yield conversion of biomass into value-added products at low cost is a primary goal for any lignocellulosic refinery. In the industrial context, the limitation in the practical adaptation of the conventional techniques practically involves multiple reactors for the conversion of biomass to bioproducts. Therefore, the present manuscript critically reviewed the advancements in one-pot reaction systems with a major focus on the scientific production of value-added products from lignocellulosic biomass. In view of that, the novelty of one-pot reactions is shown during the fractionation of biomass into their individual constituents. The importance of the direct conversion of cellulose and lignin into a range of valuable products including organic acids and platform chemicals are separately discussed. Finally, the article is concluded with the opportunities, existing troubles, and possible solutions to overcome the challenges in lignocellulosic biorefinery. This article will assist the readers to identify the economic-friendly-one-pot conversion of lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyajyoti Haldar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biosciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pinaki Dey
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India
| | - Jibu Thomas
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biosciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Reeta Rani Singhania
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226029, India
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226029, India; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan.
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Insights into cell wall disintegration of Chlorella vulgaris. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262500. [PMID: 35030225 PMCID: PMC8759652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
With their ability of CO2 fixation using sunlight as an energy source, algae and especially microalgae are moving into the focus for the production of proteins and other valuable compounds. However, the valorization of algal biomass depends on the effective disruption of the recalcitrant microalgal cell wall. Especially cell walls of Chlorella species proved to be very robust. The wall structures that are responsible for this robustness have been studied less so far. Here, we evaluate different common methods to break up the algal cell wall effectively and measure the success by protein and carbohydrate release. Subsequently, we investigate algal cell wall features playing a role in the wall's recalcitrance towards disruption. Using different mechanical and chemical technologies, alkali catalyzed hydrolysis of the Chlorella vulgaris cells proved to be especially effective in solubilizing up to 56 wt% protein and 14 wt% carbohydrates of the total biomass. The stepwise degradation of C. vulgaris cell walls using a series of chemicals with increasingly strong conditions revealed that each fraction released different ratios of proteins and carbohydrates. A detailed analysis of the monosaccharide composition of the cell wall extracted in each step identified possible factors for the robustness of the cell wall. In particular, the presence of chitin or chitin-like polymers was indicated by glucosamine found in strong alkali extracts. The presence of highly ordered starch or cellulose was indicated by glucose detected in strong acidic extracts. Our results might help to tailor more specific efforts to disrupt Chlorella cell walls and help to valorize microalgae biomass.
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Zijlstra DS, de Korte J, de Vries EPC, Hameleers L, Wilbers E, Jurak E, Deuss PJ. Highly Efficient Semi-Continuous Extraction and In-Line Purification of High β-O-4 Butanosolv Lignin. Front Chem 2021; 9:655983. [PMID: 34041222 PMCID: PMC8141753 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.655983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Innovative biomass fractionation is of major importance for economically competitive biorefineries. Lignin is currently severely underutilized due to the use of high severity fractionation methodologies that yield complex condensed lignin that limits high-value applicability. Mild lignin fractionation conditions can lead to lignin with a more regular C-O bonded structure that has increased potential for higher value applications. Nevertheless, such extraction methodologies typically suffer from inadequate lignin extraction efficiencies and yield. (Semi)-continuous flow extractions are a promising method to achieve improved extraction efficiency of such C-O linked lignin. Here we show that optimized organosolv extraction in a flow-through setup resulted in 93-96% delignification of 40 g walnut shells (40 wt% lignin content) by applying mild organosolv extraction conditions with a 2 g/min flowrate of a 9:1 n-butanol/water mixture with 0.18 M H2SO4 at 120°C in 2.5 h. 85 wt% of the lignin (corrected for alcohol incorporation, moisture content and carbohydrate impurities) was isolated as a powder with a high retention of the β-aryl ether (β-O-4) content of 63 linking motifs per 100 C9 units. Close examination of the isolated lignin showed that the main carbohydrate contamination in the recovered lignin was butyl-xyloside and other butoxylate carbohydrates. The work-up and purification procedure were investigated and improved by the implementation of a caustic soda treatment step and phase separation with a continuous integrated mixer/separator (CINC). This led to a combined 75 wt% yield of the lignin in 3 separate fractions with 3% carbohydrate impurities and a very high β-O-4 content of 67 linking motifs per 100 C9 units. Analysis of all the mass flows showed that 98% of the carbohydrate content was removed with the inline purification step, which is a significant improvement to the 88% carbohydrate removal for the traditional lignin precipitation work-up procedure. Overall we show a convenient method for inline extraction and purification to obtain high β-O-4 butanosolv lignin in excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douwe Sjirk Zijlstra
- Department of Chemical Engineering (ENTEG), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Joren de Korte
- Department of Chemical Engineering (ENTEG), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ernst P. C. de Vries
- Department of Chemical Engineering (ENTEG), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lisanne Hameleers
- Department of Bioproduct Engineering (ENTEG), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Erwin Wilbers
- Department of Chemical Engineering (ENTEG), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Edita Jurak
- Department of Bioproduct Engineering (ENTEG), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Peter Joseph Deuss
- Department of Chemical Engineering (ENTEG), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Ning P, Yang G, Hu L, Sun J, Shi L, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Yang J. Recent advances in the valorization of plant biomass. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:102. [PMID: 33892780 PMCID: PMC8063360 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01949-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plant biomass is a highly abundant renewable resource that can be converted into several types of high-value-added products, including chemicals, biofuels and advanced materials. In the last few decades, an increasing number of biomass species and processing techniques have been developed to enhance the application of plant biomass followed by the industrial application of some of the products, during which varied technologies have been successfully developed. In this review, we summarize the different sources of plant biomass, the evolving technologies for treating it, and the various products derived from plant biomass. Moreover, the challenges inherent in the valorization of plant biomass used in high-value-added products are also discussed. Overall, with the increased use of plant biomass, the development of treatment technologies, and the solution of the challenges raised during plant biomass valorization, the value-added products derived from plant biomass will become greater in number and more valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ning
- Energy-rich Compounds Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Shandong Key Lab of Applied Mycology, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao, 266109, China
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guofeng Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lihong Hu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, CAF, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingxin Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lina Shi
- Agricultural Integrated Service Center of Zhuyouguan, Longkou, Yantai, China
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, CAF, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaobao Wang
- Energy-rich Compounds Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Shandong Key Lab of Applied Mycology, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao, 266109, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Jianming Yang
- Energy-rich Compounds Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Shandong Key Lab of Applied Mycology, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao, 266109, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.
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7
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Paulsen Thoresen P, Lange H, Crestini C, Rova U, Matsakas L, Christakopoulos P. Characterization of Organosolv Birch Lignins: Toward Application-Specific Lignin Production. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:4374-4385. [PMID: 33623848 PMCID: PMC7893791 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organosolv pretreatment represents one of the most promising biomass valorization strategies for renewable carbon-based products; meanwhile, there is an overall lack of holistic approach to how extraction conditions affect the suitable end-usages. In this context, lignin extracted from silver birch (Betula pendula L.) by a novel hybrid organosolv/steam-explosion treatment at varying process conditions (EtOH %; time; catalyst %) was analyzed by quantitative NMR (1H-13C HSQC; 13C NMR; 31P NMR), gel permeation chromatography, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), Pyr-gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS), and thermogravimetric analysis, and the physicochemical characteristics of the lignins were discussed regarding their potential usages. Characteristic lignin interunit bonding motifs, such as β-O-4', β-β', and β-5', were found to dominate in the extracted lignins, with their abundance varying with treatment conditions. Low-molecular-weight lignins with fairly unaltered characteristics were generated via extraction with the highest ethanol content potentially suitable for subsequent production of free phenolics. Furthermore, β-β' and β-5' structures were predominant at higher acid catalyst contents and prolonged treatment times. Higher acid catalyst content led to oxidation and ethoxylation of side-chains, with the concomitant gradual disappearance of p-hydroxycinnamyl alcohol and cinnamaldehyde. This said, the increasing application of acid generated a broad set of lignin characteristics with potential applications such as antioxidants, carbon fiber, nanoparticles, and water remediation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petter Paulsen Thoresen
- Biochemical
Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department
of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971-87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Heiko Lange
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples’Federico
II’, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Crestini
- Department
of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, University
of Venice Ca’ Foscari, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venice Mestre, Italy
| | - Ulrika Rova
- Biochemical
Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department
of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971-87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Leonidas Matsakas
- Biochemical
Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department
of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971-87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Biochemical
Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department
of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971-87 Luleå, Sweden
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Weidener D, Leitner W, Domínguez de María P, Klose H, Grande PM. Lignocellulose Fractionation Using Recyclable Phosphoric Acid: Lignin, Cellulose, and Furfural Production. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:909-916. [PMID: 33244874 PMCID: PMC7898823 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of lignocellulose into its building blocks and their further transformation into valuable platform chemicals (e. g., furfural) are key technologies to move towards the use of renewable resources. This paper explored the disentanglement of lignocellulose into hemicellulose-derived sugars, cellulose, and lignin in a biphasic solvent system (water/2-methyltetrahydrofuran) using phosphoric acid as recyclable catalyst. Integrated with the biomass fractionation, in a second step hemicellulose-derived sugars (mainly xylose) were converted to furfural, which was in situ extracted into 2-methyltetrahydrofuran with high selectivity (70 %) and yield (56 wt %). To further increase the economic feasibility of the process, a downstream and recycling strategy enabled recovery of phosphoric acid without loss of process efficiency over four consecutive cycles. This outlines a more efficient and sustainable use of phosphoric acid as catalyst, as its inherent costs can be significantly lowered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Weidener
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Plant Sciences Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHWilhelm-Johnen-Straße52428JülichGermany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC)RWTH Aachen UniversityWorringer Weg 152074AachenGermany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), c/o Forschungszentrum JülichWilhelm-Johnen-Straße52428JülichGermany
| | - Walter Leitner
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC)RWTH Aachen UniversityWorringer Weg 152074AachenGermany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstraße 34–3645470Mülheim an derRuhrGermany
| | | | - Holger Klose
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Plant Sciences Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHWilhelm-Johnen-Straße52428JülichGermany
- Institute for Biology IRWTH Aachen UniversityWorringer Weg 352074AachenGermany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), c/o Forschungszentrum JülichWilhelm-Johnen-Straße52428JülichGermany
| | - Philipp M. Grande
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Plant Sciences Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHWilhelm-Johnen-Straße52428JülichGermany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), c/o Forschungszentrum JülichWilhelm-Johnen-Straße52428JülichGermany
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9
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Weidener D, Holtz A, Klose H, Jupke A, Leitner W, Grande PM. Lignin Precipitation and Fractionation from OrganoCat Pulping to Obtain Lignin with Different Sizes and Chemical Composition. Molecules 2020; 25:E3330. [PMID: 32708006 PMCID: PMC7436272 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fractionation of lignocellulose into its three main components, lignin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose, is a common approach in modern biorefinery concepts. Whereas the valorization of hemicelluloses and cellulose sugars has been widely discussed in literature, lignin utilization is still challenging. Due to its high heterogeneity and complexity, as well as impurities from pulping, it is a challenging feedstock. However, being the most abundant source of renewable aromatics, it remains a promising resource. This work describes a fractionation procedure that aims at stepwise precipitating beech wood (Fagus sp.) lignin obtained with OrganoCat technology from a 2-methyltetrahydrofuran solution, using n-hexane and n-pentane as antisolvents. By consecutive antisolvent precipitation and filtration, lignin is fractionated and then characterized to elucidate the structure of the different fractions. This way, more defined and purified lignin fractions can be obtained. Narrowing down the complexity of lignin and separately valorizing the fractions might further increase the economic viability of biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Weidener
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (D.W.); (H.K.)
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC), RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany;
| | - Arne Holtz
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany;
- Fluid Process Engineering (AVT.FVT), RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Holger Klose
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (D.W.); (H.K.)
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany;
- Institute of Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Jupke
- Fluid Process Engineering (AVT.FVT), RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Walter Leitner
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC), RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Max-Planck-Institute of Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Philipp M. Grande
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (D.W.); (H.K.)
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany;
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Yang ZY, Wen M, Zong MH, Li N. Synergistic chemo/biocatalytic synthesis of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. CATAL COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2020.105979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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11
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12
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Process development for separation of lignin from OrganoCat lignocellulose fractionation using antisolvent precipitation. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Weidener D, Dama M, Dietrich SK, Ohrem B, Pauly M, Leitner W, Domínguez de María P, Grande PM, Klose H. Multiscale analysis of lignocellulose recalcitrance towards OrganoCat pretreatment and fractionation. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:155. [PMID: 32944071 PMCID: PMC7487623 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01796-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomass recalcitrance towards pretreatment and further processing can be related to the compositional and structural features of the biomass. However, the exact role and relative importance to those structural attributes has still to be further evaluated. Herein, ten different types of biomass currently considered to be important raw materials for biorefineries were chosen to be processed by the recently developed, acid-catalyzed OrganoCat pretreatment to produce cellulose-enriched pulp, sugars, and lignin with different amounts and qualities. Using wet chemistry analysis and NMR spectroscopy, the generic factors of lignocellulose recalcitrance towards OrganoCat were determined. RESULTS The different materials were processed applying different conditions (e.g., type of acid catalyst and temperature), and fractions with different qualities were obtained. Raw materials and products were characterized in terms of their compositional and structural features. For the first time, generic correlation coefficients were calculated between the measured chemical and structural features and the different OrganoCat product yields and qualities. Especially lignin-related factors displayed a detrimental role for enzymatic pulp hydrolysis, as well as sugar and lignin yield exhibiting inverse correlation coefficients. Hemicellulose appeared to have less impact, not being as detrimental as lignin factors, but xylan-O-acetylation was inversely correlated with product yield and qualities. CONCLUSION These results illustrate the role of generic features of lignocellulosic recalcitrance towards acidic pretreatments and fractionation, exemplified in the OrganoCat strategy. Discriminating between types of lignocellulosic biomass and highlighting important compositional variables, the improved understanding of how these parameters affect OrganoCat products will ameliorate bioeconomic concepts from agricultural production to chemical products. Herein, a methodological approach is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Weidener
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Leo- Brandt-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC), RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC) C/O Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Murali Dama
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC) C/O Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Plant Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sabine K. Dietrich
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Leo- Brandt-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC) C/O Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Benedict Ohrem
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Leo- Brandt-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC) C/O Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Markus Pauly
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC) C/O Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Plant Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Walter Leitner
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC), RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an Der Ruhr, Germany
| | | | - Philipp M. Grande
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Leo- Brandt-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC) C/O Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Holger Klose
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Leo- Brandt-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC) C/O Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Grande PM, Weidener D, Dietrich S, Dama M, Bellof M, Maas R, Pauly M, Leitner W, Klose H, Domínguez de María P. OrganoCat Fractionation of Empty Fruit Bunches from Palm Trees into Lignin, Sugars, and Cellulose-Enriched Pulp. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:14451-14457. [PMID: 31528798 PMCID: PMC6740177 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The palm oil industry produces large amounts of empty fruit bunches (EFB) as waste. EFB are very recalcitrant toward further processing, although their valorization could create novel incentives and bio-economic opportunities for the industries involved. Herein, EFB have been successfully subjected to the OrganoCat pretreatment-using 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid as the biogenic catalyst-to fractionate and separate this lignocellulosic material into its main components in a single step. The pretreatment of EFB leads to the deacetylation and depolymerization of noncellulosic polysaccharides and to the partial delignification of the cellulosic fiber. The OrganoCat processing of EFB yielded 45 ± 0.5 wt % cellulose-enriched pulp, 20 ± 0.7 wt % extracted lignin, 3.8 ± 0.2 wt % furfural, and 11 ± 0.6 wt % hydrolyzed sugars. The obtained EFB-pulp showed high accessibility to cellulases, resulting in a glucan conversion of 73 ± 2% after 72 h (15 ± 2% after 1 h) with commercial cellulase cocktail (Accellerase 1500). Overall, the results suggest that the treatment of the EFB material using OrganoCat may create promising paths for the full valorization of EFBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp M. Grande
- Institut
für Bio- und Geowissenschaften, Pflanzenwissenschaften, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Julich, Germany
- Bioeconomy
Science Center (BioSC), c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Dennis Weidener
- Institut
für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC), RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Bioeconomy
Science Center (BioSC), c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Sabine Dietrich
- Institute
for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Bioeconomy
Science Center (BioSC), c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Murali Dama
- Institute
for Plant Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Bioeconomy
Science Center (BioSC), c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Martin Bellof
- Autodisplay
Biotech GmbH, Merowingerplatz
1A, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ruth Maas
- Autodisplay
Biotech GmbH, Merowingerplatz
1A, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Pauly
- Institute
for Plant Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Bioeconomy
Science Center (BioSC), c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Walter Leitner
- Institut
für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC), RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Holger Klose
- Institut
für Bio- und Geowissenschaften, Pflanzenwissenschaften, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Julich, Germany
- Institute
for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Bioeconomy
Science Center (BioSC), c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Pablo Domínguez de María
- Sustainable
Momentum, SL, Av. Ansite
3, 4-6, 35011 Las
Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
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de Gonzalo G, Alcántara AR, Domínguez de María P. Cyclopentyl Methyl Ether (CPME): A Versatile Eco-Friendly Solvent for Applications in Biotechnology and Biorefineries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:2083-2097. [PMID: 30735610 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The quest for sustainable solvents is currently a matter of intense research and development, as solvents significantly contribute heavily to the waste generated by chemical industries. Cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) is a promising eco-friendly solvent with valuable properties such as low peroxide formation rate, stability under basic and acidic conditions, and relatively high boiling point. This Review discusses the potential use of CPME for applications in biotechnology (e.g., biotransformations, as solvent or cosolvent), biorefineries, and bioeconomy (e.g., for furan synthesis or as an extractive agent in liquid-liquid separations), as well as for other purposes, such as chromatography or peptide synthesis. Although CPME is currently produced by petrochemical means with a remarkably high atom economy, its biogenic production can be envisaged from substrates such as cyclopentanol or cyclopentanone, which can be derived from furfural or from (bio-based) adipic acid, respectively. The combination of the promising properties of CPME as a (co)solvent with a future (economic) biogenic origin would be advantageous for setting strategies aligned with the sustainable chemistry principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo de Gonzalo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Sevilla, c/ Profesor García González 2, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Andrés R Alcántara
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Section of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n., E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Domínguez de María
- Sustainable Momentum, SL, Av. Ansite 3, 4-6, Las Palmas Gran Canaria, E-35011, Canary Islands, Spain
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Cai L, Zhang Y, Hu G, Guo Y, Jin L, Xu Q, Liu Z, Xie H. A Single Step Fractionation of Lignocellulose in Aqueous Solutions of a Carboxylic Acid‐Functionalized Ionic Liquid. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Long Cai
- Department of Polymer Materials and EngineeringCollege of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 P. R. China
| | | | - Gang Hu
- Department of Polymer Materials and EngineeringCollege of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 P. R. China
| | - Yuanlong Guo
- Department of Polymer Materials and EngineeringCollege of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 P. R. China
| | - Longming Jin
- Department of Polymer Materials and EngineeringCollege of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 P. R. China
| | - Qinqin Xu
- Department of Polymer Materials and EngineeringCollege of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 P. R. China
| | | | - Haibo Xie
- Department of Polymer Materials and EngineeringCollege of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 P. R. China
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