1
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Wang Y, Yue X, Zhao H, Ma L, Zhou L, Liu Y, Zheng X, He Y, Liu G, Jiang Y. Heteroatom Structural Engineering of Conjugated Porous Polymers Enhances Photocatalytic Nicotinamide Cofactor Regeneration. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301868. [PMID: 38342756 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalysis is an eco-friendly method to regenerate nicotinamide (NADH) cofactors, which is essential for biotransformation over oxidoreductases. Organic polymers exhibit high stability, biocompatibility and functional designability as photocatalysts, but still suffering from rapid charge recombination. Herewith the heteroatom structural engineering of donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) conjugated porous polymers were conducted to promote charge transfer and photocatalytic NADH regeneration. The electron delocalization of polymer photocatalysts can be readily tuned by changing the electron density of the donor unit, leading to faster charge separation and better photocatalytic performance. The optimum sulfur-doped polymer exhibits the highest NADH regeneration yield of 47.4 % in 30 min and 94.1 % in 4 h, which can drive the biocatalytic C=C bond reduction of 2-cyclohexen-1-one by ene-reductase, giving the corresponding cyclohexanone yield of 96.7 % in 10 h. Moreover, the oxygen-doped polymer, from biomass derived 2,5-diformylfuran, exhibits comparable photocatalytic activity to the sulfur-doped CPP, suggesting the potential of furan as alternative donor unit to thiophene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Yue
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
| | - Li Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
| | - Liya Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
| | - Yunting Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobing Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
| | - Ying He
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
| | - Guanhua Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
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2
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Liu R, Liu S, Lin J, Zhang X, Li Y, Pan H, Kong L, Zhu S, Wang J. Bi-directional charge transfer channels in highly crystalline carbon nitride enabling superior photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:9802-9810. [PMID: 38712434 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00796d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Introducing a donor-acceptor (D-A) unit is an effective approach to facilitate charge transfer in polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) and enhance photocatalytic performance. However, the introduction of hetero-molecules can lead to a decrease in crystallinity, limiting interlayer charge transfer and inhibiting further improvement. In this study, we constructed a novel D-A type carbon nitride with significantly higher crystallinity and a bi-directional charge transfer channel, which was achieved through 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid (2,5-TDCA)-assisted self-assembly followed by KCl-templated calcination. The thiophene and cyano groups introduced serve as the electron donor and acceptor, respectively, enhancing in-plane electron delocalization. Additionally, introduced potassium ions are intercalated among the adjacent layers of carbon nitride, creating an interlayer charge transfer channel. Moreover, the highly ordered structure and improved crystallinity further facilitate charge transfer. As a result, the as-prepared photocatalyst exhibits superior photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) activity of 7.449 mmol h-1 g-1, which is 6.03 times higher than that of pure carbon nitride. The strategy of developing crystalline D-A-structured carbon nitride with controlled in-plane and interlayer charge transfer opens new avenues for the design of carbon nitride with enhanced properties for PHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runlu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Siyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Jingyi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Yao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Hui Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Lingti Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Shenmin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - John Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574, Singapore.
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3
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Ye Q, Yang R, Huang L, Li Q, Zhang Q, Li D, Tian D, Jiang D. Bridging engineering of polymeric carbon nitride for boosting photocatalytic CO 2 reduction. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 652:813-824. [PMID: 37619260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.08.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The inherent electron localized heptazine structure of carbon nitride (CN) derived from intrinsic tertiary N (N3C) bridging structure makes the photogenerated charge separation rather difficult, which severely limits photocatalytic CO2 activity of CN. Therefore, modulation of N3C bridging structure of CN is highly desirable to enhance the charge separation efficiency of CN. Herein, we reported a novel thiophene-bridged CN (BTCN) with intramolecular donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) systems synthesized by nucleophilic substitution and Schiff base reaction to improve the photogenerated charge separation efficiency. The experimental and density functional theory (DFT) results indicate that this BTCN exhibits a high π-electron delocalization range and enhanced photogenerated charge transfer efficiency, which mainly account for the enhanced photocatalytic activity. The optimal BTCN photocatalyst exhibits enhanced charge separation efficiency and higher photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity with a CO yield of 23.02 μmol·g-1·h-1, which was higher than those of CN and edge-modified CN (ETCN) counterpart. This work highlights the importance of regulation of π-electron delocalization for the design of highly active CN photocatalysts via the rational substitution of N3C bridging structure with π-spacer molecular linkages for photocatalytic CO2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianjin Ye
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ran Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Longhui Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qin Li
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Di Li
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Dan Tian
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Deli Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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4
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Wang C, Xiao H, Lu Y, Lv J, Yuan Z, Cheng J. Regulation of Polymerization Kinetics to Improve Crystallinity of Carbon Nitride for Photocatalytic Reactions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300361. [PMID: 37139577 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nitride (CN) polymers exhibit tunable and fascinating physicochemical properties and are thus an essential class of photocatalytic materials with potential applications. Although significant progress has been made in the fabrication of CN, the preparation of metal-free crystalline CN via a straightforward method remains a considerable challenge. Herein, we describe a new attempt to synthesize crystalline carbon nitride (CCN) with a well-developed structure through regulation of the polymerization kinetics. The synthetic process involves the pre-polymerization of melamine to remove most of the ammonia and further calcination of the pre-heated melamine in the presence of copper oxide as an ammonia absorbent. Copper oxide can decompose the ammonia produced by the polymerization process, thereby promoting the reaction. These conditions facilitate the polycondensation process while avoiding carbonization of the polymeric backbone at high temperatures. Owing to the high crystallinity, nanosheet structure, and efficient charge-carrier transmission capacity, the as-prepared CCN catalyst shows much higher photocatalytic activity than its counterparts. Our study provides a novel strategy for the rational design and synthesis of high-performance carbon nitride photocatalysts by simultaneously optimizing polymerization kinetics and crystallographic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 35002, P. R. China
| | - Hongxiang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Yichun Lu
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Jinliang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Zhanhui Yuan
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 35002, P. R. China
| | - Jiajia Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
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5
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Li H, Tao S, Wan S, Qiu G, Long Q, Yu J, Cao S. S-scheme heterojunction of ZnCdS nanospheres and dibenzothiophene modified graphite carbon nitride for enhanced H2 production. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(22)64201-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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6
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Wang J, Zhu W, Zhang Y, Yang X, Bai G, Zhang Q, Chen Y, Lan X. Structural Engineering of Donor−π–Acceptor Conjugated Polymers for Facilitating Charge Separation: A Dual-Functional Photocatalysis. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P. R. China
| | - Wanbo Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yize Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P. R. China
| | - Xianheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P. R. China
| | - Guoyi Bai
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P. R. China
| | - Qianfan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials & HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xingwang Lan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P. R. China
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7
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Ding L, Yu Z, Sun L, Jiang R, Hou Y, Huang J, Zhu H, Zhong T, Chen H, Lian C. Microelectronic structure changes electron utilization: Core-shell structure catalysts with electron library and quantum dots for photocatalytic hydrogen production. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 623:660-673. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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8
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Triptycene incorporated carbon nitride based donor-acceptor conjugated polymers with superior visible-light photocatalytic activities. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 622:675-689. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.04.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Streater D, Duisenova K, Luo J, Kohlstedt KL, Zhang J, Huang J. Impact of π-Conjugation Length on the Excited-State Dynamics of Star-Shaped Carbazole-π-Triazine Organic Chromophores. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:3291-3300. [PMID: 35594508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Correlating star-shaped donor-bridge-acceptor (DBA) molecular structures with intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) and intersystem crossing (ISC) is essential to their application in photocatalysis, photovoltaics, and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). In this work, we report a systematic photophysical study on a series of star-shaped triazine-phenylene-carbazole DBA molecules with 0, 1, and 2 bridging phenylene units (pTCT-0P, pTCT-1P, pTCT-2P). Using a combination of steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy with time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), we find that the bridge length can strongly impact the structural conformation, ICT, and ISC. Global target analysis of the time-resolved spectroscopy reveals that pTCT-0P has the most favorable ISC rate of 1.96 × 10-4 ps-1, which is competitive with a singlet relaxation rate of 1.92 × 10-4 ps-1. TDDFT aligns with spectroscopic results within an order of magnitude, predicting an ISC rate of 2.1 × 10-5 ps-1 and revealing that the donor/acceptor orthogonalization concomitantly suppresses singlet exciton recombination and lowers the singlet-triplet energy gap. The new fundamental insights gained from this work will help design the next generation of star-shaped DBA-type molecules for photocatalytic and photoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Streater
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Korlan Duisenova
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Jian Luo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Kevin L Kohlstedt
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States.,The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jier Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
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10
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Mansha M, Ahmad T, Ullah N, Akram Khan S, Ashraf M, Ali S, Tan B, Khan I. Photocatalytic Water-Splitting by Organic Conjugated Polymers: Opportunities and Challenges. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202100336. [PMID: 35257485 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The future challenges associated with the shortage of fossil fuels and their current environmental impacts intrigued the researchers to look for alternative ways of generating green energy. Solar-driven water splitting into oxygen and hydrogen is one of those advanced strategies. Researchers have studied various semiconductor materials to achieve potential results. However, it encountered multiple challenges such as high cost, low photostability and efficiency, and required multistep modifications. The conjugated polymers (CPs) have emerged as promising alternatives for conventional inorganic semiconductors. The CPs offer low cost, sufficient light absorption efficiency, excellent photo and chemical stability, and molecular optoelectronic tunable characteristics. Furthermore, organic CPs also present higher flexibility to tune the basic framework of the backbone of the polymers, amendments in the sidechain to incorporate desired functionalities, and much-needed porosity to serve better for photocatalytic applications. This review article summarizes the recent advancements made in visible-light-driven water splitting covering the aspects of synthetic strategies and experimental parameters employed for water splitting reactions with special emphasis on conjugated polymers such as linear CPs, planarized CPs, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 ), conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and conjugated polymer-based nanocomposites (CPNCs). The current challenges and future prospects have also been described briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mansha
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tauqir Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nisar Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.,Interdisciplinary Research Center for Refining and Advanced Chemicals, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safyan Akram Khan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Ali
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bein Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ibrahim Khan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
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11
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Wang Z, Zheng X, Chen P, Li D, Zhang Q, Liu H, Zhong J, Lv W, Liu G. Synchronous construction of a porous intramolecular D-A conjugated polymer via electron donors for superior photocatalytic decontamination. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127379. [PMID: 34655871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of conjugated polymers with intramolecular donor-acceptor (D-A) units has the capacity to enhance the photocatalytic performance of carbon nitride (g-C3N4) for the removal of antibiotics from ambient ecosystems. This strategy addresses the challenge of narrowing the band gap of g-C3N4 while maintaining its high LUMO position. For this study, we introduced the above donor units into g-C3N4 to construct intramolecular D-A structures through the copolymerization of dicyandiamide with creatinine, which strategically extended light absorption into the green region and expedited photoelectron separation. The introduction of electron donor blocks kept the LUMO distributed on the melem, which maintained the high LUMO energy level of the copolymer with the potential to generate oxygen radicals. The as-prepared porous D-A conjugated polymer enhanced the photocatalytic degradation of sulfisoxazole with kinetic constants 5.6 times higher than that of g-C3N4 under blue light and 15.3 times higher under green light. Furthermore, we surveyed the degradation mechanism including the effective active species and degradation pathways. This study offers a new perspective for the synchronous construction of a porous intramolecular D-A conjugated polymer to enhance water treatment and environmental remediation capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongquan Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ping Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Daguang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qianxin Zhang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haijin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huaihe River Water Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Jiapeng Zhong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenying Lv
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guoguang Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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12
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Li T, Shi J, Liu Z, Xie W, Cui K, Hu B, Che G, Wang L, Zhou T, Liu C. Constructing porous intramolecular donor–acceptor integrated carbon nitride doped with m-aminophenol for boosting photocatalytic degradation and hydrogen evolution activity. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00897a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A porous intramolecular D–A integrated carbon nitride with boosted photocatalytic activity was constructed via thermal melting followed by thermal copolymerization of m-aminophenol with urea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Li
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials, Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, P.R. China
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, P.R. China
| | - Jingmin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials, Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, P.R. China
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, P.R. China
| | - Zhixue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials, Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, P.R. China
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials, Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, P.R. China
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, P.R. China
| | - Keyu Cui
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials, Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, P.R. China
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, P.R. China
| | - Bo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials, Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, P.R. China
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, P.R. China
| | - Guangbo Che
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials, Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, P.R. China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, P.R. China
- School of Chemistry, Baicheng Normal University, Baicheng 137099, P.R. China
| | - Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials, Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, P.R. China
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, P.R. China
| | - Tianyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials, Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, P.R. China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Pollution Control, The Education Department of Jilin Province, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, P.R. China
| | - Chunbo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials, Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, P.R. China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Pollution Control, The Education Department of Jilin Province, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, P.R. China
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13
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Yan L, Hou J, Li T, Wang Y, Liu C, Zhou T, Jiang W, Wang D, Che G. Tremella-like integrated carbon nitride with polyvinylimine-doped for enhancing photocatalytic degradation and hydrogen evolution performances. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Zhang G, Xu Y, Mi H, Zhang P, Li H, Lu Y. Donor Bandgap Engineering without Sacrificing the Reduction Ability of Photogenerated Electrons in Crystalline Carbon Nitride. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:4516-4524. [PMID: 34363651 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline carbon nitride (CCN) with a light response up to 700 nm has been seldom reported but is significant for the artificial photocatalysis. In this study, it is proposed that, unlike acceptors, introducing donors can effectively narrow the bandgap without sacrificing the reduction ability of photogenerated electrons, which is more advantageous to photocatalytic reduction reactions. Hence, a series of heptazine-based K+ -implanted CCN (KCN) with a narrow bandgap (2.87-1.86 eV) are constructed by copolymerization of pyrimidine donors. The optimized photocatalysts can extend the light response to 700 nm and account for approximately 122- and 33-fold enhancements in H2 production (λ>500 nm) in comparison to CN and KCN, respectively. The apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) can reach 8.2 % at 500 nm and is comparable to the top-level CN- and CCN- based materials. Its photoactive wavelength has significant advantages over previously reported CCN-based photocatalysts. This method offers a universal donor bandgap engineering strategy towards photocatalytic reduction reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Yangsen Xu
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Mi
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, P. R. China
- Guangdong Flexible Wearable Energy and Tools Engineering Technology Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Peixin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, P. R. China
- Guangdong Flexible Wearable Energy and Tools Engineering Technology Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Haowen Li
- Micro Optical Instruments (Shenzhen) Inc., Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Spectroscopy, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518118, P. R. China
| | - Yujuan Lu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, P. R. China
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15
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Guo F, Hu B, Yang C, Zhang J, Hou Y, Wang X. On-Surface Polymerization of In-Plane Highly Ordered Carbon Nitride Nanosheets toward Photocatalytic Mineralization of Mercaptan Gas. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2101466. [PMID: 34480371 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
2D carbon nitride nanosheets have attracted ever-increasing interest in photocatalysis due to their unique structural advantages. However, the nanosheets synthesized by the traditional methods, such as post oxidation and liquid exfoliation, have suffered from in-plane disorder with abundant structural defects, which seriously counteracts their structural benefits for photocatalysis. Herein, it is demonstrated that polymer carbon nitride nanosheets with in-plane highly ordered structure (PCNNs-IHO) can be successfully prepared by on-surface polymerization of melamine on NaCl crystal surface at elevated temperatures. The NaCl crystals with relative high surface energy not only facilitate the adsorption and activation of melamine to undergo condensation reaction, but also function as unique substrates to orientate the assembly of 2D nanosheet structure. In addition, NaCl also acts as a reactant to provide Na+ doping into carbon nitride matrix, affording PCNNs-IHO with robust structural base sites. Benefiting from this structural basicity, PCNNs-IHO exhibits superior photocatalytic performance toward CH3 SH mineralization under visible light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangsong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Bing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Can Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Jinshui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Yidong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Xinchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
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16
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Zhang JW, Pan L, Zhang X, Shi C, Zou JJ. Donor-acceptor carbon nitride with electron-withdrawing chlorine group to promote exciton dissociation. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(20)63733-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Sun Z, Tan Y, Wan J, Huang L. In‐depth Understanding of the Effects of Intramolecular Charge Transfer on Carbon Nitride Based Photocatalysts†. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zongzhao Sun
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Yueyang Tan
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang 150001 China
| | - Jianyong Wan
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Limin Huang
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macao Joint Laboratory for Photonic‐Thermal‐Electrical Energy Materials and Devices Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Solid State Batteries Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
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18
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Chen Y, Qu Y, Xu P, Zhou X, Sun J. Insight into the influence of donor-acceptor system on graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets for transport of photoinduced charge carriers and photocatalytic H 2 generation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 601:326-337. [PMID: 34087593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.05.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The rapid recombination of photogenerated charges is one of the main restriction for promoting the photocatalytic H2 generation of graphitic carbon nitride (CN) material. Herein, donor-acceptor (D-A) system was introduced into CN nanosheets by oxygen and/or phenyl doping (DA-CN) strategy to facilitate the transport of photoinduced charge carriers and H2 generation. Experimental and theoretical results revealed that the nanosheet structure of DA-CN shortened the photoexcited charges transport length to the surface, and the D-A system embedded in DA-CN provided the dipole-induced internal electric field for charges transport. As a consequence, compared with pristine CN, DA-CN samples performed the improved transport of photogenerated charges and photocatalytic H2 evolution. Notably, DA-CN-OP (oxygen and phenyl co-doping) with the strongest dipole-induced internal electric field originated from D-A system displayed the highest photocatalytic H2 evolution rate at 7.394 mmol g-1h-1, which was 7.67 times as that of pristine CN (0.964 mmol g-1h-1). This work not only provides a simple strategy to construct highly efficient CN nanosheet photocatalyst with D-A system, but also promote the deep insight into the effect of molecular dipole originated from D-A system on the transport of photoinduced charge carriers and photocatalytic activity for CN material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanglin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Ye Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Jianmin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China.
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19
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Jiang Y, Sun Z, Chen Q, Zhao Y, Zeng L, Yang C, Huang F, Huang L. Sulfate modified g-C 3N 4 with enhanced photocatalytic activity towards hydrogen evolution: the role of sulfate in photocatalysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:10116-10122. [PMID: 32343293 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp07002h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulfate modified graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was prepared by simple co-pyrolysis of dicyandiamide and ammonium sulfate, and shows seven times higher photocatalytic activity towards hydrogen production than pristine g-C3N4. The origin of its improved photocatalytic activity was comprehensively investigated, and it was found that there are two kinds of sulfate (strongly adsorbed sulfate and a weakly adsorbed one) in the modified sample, both of which play important but slightly different roles in the photocatalysis. Compared to the strongly adsorbed one, the weakly adsorbed sulfate is more beneficial for charge separation and thus promotes more electrons to participate in the photocatalytic reaction. By applying the above synthesis method, most sulfate in our best photocatalyst exists as weakly adsorbed species, which is confirmed by advanced characterization techniques as well as DFT calculations. The increased number of electrons and improved charge separation, which are induced by the weakly adsorbed sulfate, are key to boosting the photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4. Hence, this work provides comprehensive insights into the effect of sulfate on the photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4, which help in the design of more efficient photocatalysts by suitable surface modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabin Jiang
- School of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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20
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Guan H, Zhang W. Delocalization of π‐Electron in Graphitic Carbon Nitride to Promote its Photocatalytic Activity for Hydrogen Evolution. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai‐Xin Guan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology 381 Wushan Road Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Wei‐De Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology 381 Wushan Road Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
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21
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Sun Z, Jiang Y, Zeng L, Zhang X, Hu S, Huang L. Controllable local electronic migration induced charge separation and red-shift emission in carbon nitride for enhanced photocatalysis and potential phototherapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:6002-6005. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02749a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Controllable local electronic migration induced charge separation and red-shift emission endow carbon nitride materials with enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production and potential phototherapy by labeling cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongzhao Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Yabin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Lei Zeng
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Shuchao Hu
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Limin Huang
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
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