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Udaeta J, Bengoechea MO, Torre F, Uranga N, Hernaiz M, Lucio B, Arias PL, Del Barrio EP, Doppiu S. Sodium Manganese Ferrite Water Splitting Cycle: Unravelling the Effect of Solid-Liquid Interfaces in Molten Alkali Carbonates. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:33270-33284. [PMID: 38896815 PMCID: PMC11231967 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
In this work, the Na2CO3 of the sodium manganese ferrite thermochemical cycle was substituted by different eutectic or eutectoid alkali carbonate mixtures. Substituting Na2CO3 with the eutectoid (Li0.07Na0.93)2CO3 mixture resulted in faster hydrogen production after the first cycle, shifting the hydrogen production maximum toward shorter reaction times. Thermodynamic calculations and in situ optical microscopy attributed this fact to the partial melting of the eutectoid carbonate, which helps the diffusion of the ions. Unfortunately, all the mixtures exhibit a significant loss of reversibility in terms of hydrogen production upon cycling. Among them, the nonsubstituted Na mixture exhibits the highest reversibility in terms of hydrogen production followed by the 7%Li-Na mixture, while the 50%Li-Na and Li-K-Na mixtures do not produce any hydrogen after the first cycle. The loss of reversibility is attributed to both the formation of undesired phases and sintering, the latter being more pronounced in the eutectic and eutectoid alkali carbonate mixtures, where the melting of the carbonate is predicted by thermodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseba Udaeta
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo, 1, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Mikel Oregui Bengoechea
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo, 1, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Francesco Torre
- Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC energiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Alava Technology Park, Albert Einstein 48, 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Nerea Uranga
- Tekniker, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parke Teknologikoa, Iñaki Goenaga, 5 20600 Eibar, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Marta Hernaiz
- Tekniker, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parke Teknologikoa, Iñaki Goenaga, 5 20600 Eibar, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Beatriz Lucio
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo, 1, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Pedro Luis Arias
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo, 1, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Elena Palomo Del Barrio
- Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC energiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Alava Technology Park, Albert Einstein 48, 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 348013, Spain
| | - Stefania Doppiu
- Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC energiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Alava Technology Park, Albert Einstein 48, 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Mulla R, Dunnill CW. Sensors-on-paper: Fabrication of graphite thermal sensor arrays on cellulose paper for large area temperature mapping. HARDWAREX 2022; 11:e00252. [PMID: 35509903 PMCID: PMC9058642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2021.e00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on a fabrication method to obtain multiple thermal sensors by employing an array of graphite thermocouple patterns on commonly available Xerox paper. The graphite thermocouples are patterned using two different grade graphite pencils, which show a stable and reproducible thermal sensitivity. The fabricated paper devices with multiple thermocouple arrays are capable of producing temperature mapping of the desired area. Different thermal conditions were applied to test and confirm the working of these devices. The present work shows that simple graphite trace patterns can convert a piece of paper into a thermal mapping device.
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The Hydrolysis of Ball-Milled Aluminum–Bismuth–Nickel Composites for On-Demand Hydrogen Generation. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15072356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The hydrolysis of aluminum (Al) is a promising method for on-demand hydrogen generation for low-power proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) applications. In this study, Al composites were mechanochemically activated using bismuth (Bi) and nickel (Ni) as activation compounds. The main objective was to determine the effects of Bi and Ni on Al particles during mechanochemical processing, and the hydrolysis activity of the Al-Bi-Ni composites. Successfully formulated ternary Al-Bi-Ni composites were hydrolyzed with de-ionized water under standard ambient conditions to determine the reactivity of the composite (extent of hydrogen production). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that Bi and Ni were distributed relatively uniformly throughout the Al particles, resulting in numerous micro-galvanic interactions between the anodic Al and cathodic Bi/Ni during hydrolysis reaction. The addition of >1 wt% Ni resulted in incomplete activation of Al, and such composites were non-reactive. All successfully prepared composites had near-complete hydrogen yields. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that no mineralogical interaction occurred between Al, Bi, and/or Ni. The main phases detected were Al, Bi, and minute traces of Ni (ascribed to low Ni content). In addition, the effect of the mass ratio (mass Al:mass water) and water quality were also determined.
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Ai C, Yan Z, Hou S, Huo Q, Chai L, Qiu G, Zeng W. Sequentially recover heavy metals from smelting wastewater using bioelectrochemical system coupled with thermoelectric generators. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 205:111174. [PMID: 32853867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Smelting wastewater is characterized with high concentration of toxic heavy metals and high acidity, which must be properly treated before discharge. Here, bioelectrochemical system (BES) coupled with thermoelectric generator (TEG) was first demonstrated to simultaneously treat organic wastewater and smelting wastewater by utilizing the simulated waste heat that was abundant in smelting factories. By modulating the input voltage generated from simulated waste heat via TEG to 0, 1.0 and 2.0 V, almost all the Cu2+, Cd2+ and Co2+ in smelting wastewater were sequentially recovered with a respective rate of 121.17, 158.20 and 193.87 mg L-1 d-1. Cu2+ was bioelectrochemically recovered as Cu0. While, Cd2+ and Co2+ were recovered by electrodeposition as Cd(OH)2, CdCO3 or Co(OH)2 on cathodic surface. High throughput sequencing analysis showed that the microbial community of anodic biofilm was greatly shifted after successive treatment by batch-mode. Desulfovibrio (17.00%), Megasphaera (11.81%), Geobacter (10.36%) and Propionibacterium (8.64%) were predominant genera in anodic biofilm enriched from activated sludge in BES before treatment. After successive treatment by batch-mode, Geobacter (34.76%), Microbacter (8.60%) and Desulfovibrio (5.33%) were shifted as the major genera. Economic analysis revealed that it was feasible to use TEG to substitute electrical grid energy to integrate with BES for wastewater treatment. In addition, literature review indicated that it was not uncommon for the coexistence of waste heat with typical pollutants (e.g. heavy metal ions and various biodegradation-resistant organic wastes) that could be treated by BES in different kinds of factories or geothermal sites. This study provides novel insights to expand the application potentials of BES by integrating with TEG to utilize widespread waste heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenbing Ai
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China; School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Zhang Yan
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350007, China
| | - Shanshan Hou
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Qiang Huo
- College of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Liyuan Chai
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Guanzhou Qiu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Weimin Zeng
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
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Zhang S, Xu J, Cheng H, Zang C, Bian F, Sun B, Shen Y, Jiang H. Photocatalytic H 2 Evolution from Ammonia Borane: Improvement of Charge Separation and Directional Charge Transmission. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:5264-5272. [PMID: 32681615 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Co/MII Fe layered double hydroxide (LDH) LDH photocatalysts have been designed from the aspect of employing stable half-filled Fe3+ to trap photogenerated electrons, adjusting the MII -O-Fe oxo-bridged structure to optimize the short-range directional charge transmission and intercalating oxometallate anions into the LDH to further improve light absorption along with electron-hole separation and non-noble metal Co NP loading and reduction to form a heterojunction. These LDH-based photocatalysts are employed for photocatalytic H2 evolution from ammonia borane in aqueous solution under visible light at 298 K. The photocatalytic H2 evolution activity is greatly improved through adjustment of the MII -O-Fe oxo-bridged structure and molybdate intercalation into the LDH. Turnover frequencies of up to 113.2 min-1 are achieved with Co/CoFe-Mo. Alongside the experimental results and materials characterization, capture experiments and in situ DRIFTS analysis are carried out to study the photocatalytic hydrogen production mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sishi Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, College of Environmental and Resources, National Base of International Science and Technology, Cooperation for Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, P. R. China
| | - Jie Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, College of Environmental and Resources, National Base of International Science and Technology, Cooperation for Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Cheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, College of Environmental and Resources, National Base of International Science and Technology, Cooperation for Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, P. R. China
| | - Cuicui Zang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, College of Environmental and Resources, National Base of International Science and Technology, Cooperation for Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, P. R. China
| | - Fengxia Bian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, College of Environmental and Resources, National Base of International Science and Technology, Cooperation for Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, P. R. China
| | - Bin Sun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, College of Environmental and Resources, National Base of International Science and Technology, Cooperation for Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, P. R. China
| | - Yu Shen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, College of Environmental and Resources, National Base of International Science and Technology, Cooperation for Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, P. R. China
- Chongqing South-to-Thais Environmental Protection Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing, 400060, P. R. China
| | - Heyan Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, College of Environmental and Resources, National Base of International Science and Technology, Cooperation for Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, P. R. China
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Electroplated synthesis of semi-rigid MoS2–rGO–Cu as efficient self-supporting electrode for hydrogen evolution reaction. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Amarnath R, Bhargavi KS, Kubakaddi SS. Thermoelectric transport properties in 3D Dirac semimetal Cd 3As 2. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:225704. [PMID: 32005030 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab720f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thermoelectric transport properties, namely, electrical conductivity, electronic thermal conductivity, and diffusion thermopower are theoretically investigated in 3D Dirac semimetal Cd3As2. We employ Boltzmann transport formalism and consider the electron scattering by charged impurities, short-range disorder, acoustic phonons, and optical phonons. The Boltzmann transport equation is solved using the Ritz iteration technique to obtain the first-order perturbation distribution function for the interaction of electrons with inelastic polar optical phonons scattering. The numerical results are presented in the temperature range 2-300 K with the electron concentration in the range (0.1-10) × 1018 cm-3. It is found that, at low temperature < ~70 K transport coefficients are dominated by charged impurity scattering and at higher temperature the phonon scattering is found to be dominant. The validity of Wiedemann-Franz law is examined. Recently observed experimental results are explained by our theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Amarnath
- Department of Physics, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru 572 103, Karnataka, India
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