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Zhang B, Meng Q, Liu H, Han B. Catalytic Conversion of Lignin into Valuable Chemicals: Full Utilization of Aromatic Nuclei and Side Chains. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:3558-3571. [PMID: 38029298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusIn recent years, significant efforts have been directed toward achieving efficient and mild lignocellulosic biomass conversion into valuable chemicals and fuels, aiming to address energy and environmental concerns and realize the goal of carbon neutrality. Lignin is one of the three primary building blocks of lignocellulose and the only aromatic renewable feedstock. However, the complex and diverse nature of lignin feedstocks, characterized by their three-dimensional, highly branched polymeric structure and intricate C-O/C-C chemical bonds, results in substantial challenges. To tackle these challenges, we carried out extensive research on selectively activating and transforming chemical bonds in lignin for chemical synthesis. In this Account, we discuss our recent progress in catalytic lignin conversion.Our work is focused on two main objectives: (i) achieving precise and selective transformation of C-O/C-C bonds in lignin (and its model compounds) and (ii) fully utilizing the aromatic nuclei and side chains present in lignin to produce valuable chemicals. Lignin consists of interconnected phenylpropanoid subunits linked by interlaced C-C/C-O bonds. To unlock the full potential of lignin, we propose the concept of "the full utilization of lignin", which encompasses both the aromatic nuclei and the side chains (e.g., methoxyl and polyhydroxypropyl groups).For the conversion of aromatic nuclei, selective activation of C-O and/or C-C bonds is crucial in synthesizing targeted aromatic products. We begin with model compounds (such as anisole, phenol, guaiacol, etc.) and then transition to protolignin feedstocks. Various reaction routes are developed, including self-supported hydrogenolysis, direct Caryl-Csp3 cleavage, coupled Caryl-Csp3 cleavage and Caryl-O hydrogenolysis, and tandem selective hydrogenation and hydrolysis processes. These tailored pathways enable high-yield and sustainable production of a wide range of aromatic (and derived) products, including arenes (benzene, toluene, alkylbenzenes), phenols, ketones, and acids.In terms of side chain utilization, we have developed innovative strategies such as selective methyl transfer, coupling depolymerization-methyl shift, selective acetyl utilization, and new activation methods such as amine-assisted prefunctionalization. These strategies enable the direct synthesis of methyl-/alkyl-derived products, such as acetic acid, 4-ethyltoluene, dimethylethylamine, and amides. Additionally, aromatic residues can be transformed into chemicals or functionalized ingredients that can serve as catalysts or functional biopolymer materials. These findings highlight promising opportunities for harnessing both the aromatic nuclei and side chains of lignin in a creative manner, thereby improving the overall atom economy of lignin upgrading.Through innovative catalyst engineering and reaction route strategies, our work achieves the sustainable and efficient production of various valuable chemicals from lignin. By integrating side chains and aromatic rings, we have successfully synthesized methyl-/alkyl-derived and aromatic-derived products with high yields. The full utilization of lignin not only minimizes waste but also opens up new possibilities for generating chemical products from lignin. These novel approaches unlock the untapped potential of lignin, expand the boundaries of lignin upgrading, and enhance the efficiency and economic viability of lignin biorefining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qinglei Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Huizhen Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Buxing Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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2
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Gandara Loe J, Pinzón Peña A, Martin Espejo JL, Bobadilla LF, Ramírez Reina T, Pastor-Pérez L. MIL-100(Fe)-derived catalysts for CO 2 conversion via low- and high-temperature reverse water-gas shift reaction. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16070. [PMID: 37251869 PMCID: PMC10208944 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Fe-derived catalysts were synthesized by the pyrolysis of MIL-100 (Fe) metal-organic framework (MOF) and evaluated in the reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction. The addition of Rh as a dopant by in-situ incorporation during the synthesis and wet impregnation was also considered. Our characterization data showed that the main active phase was a mixture of α-Fe, Fe3C, and Fe3O4 in all the catalysts evaluated. Additionally, small Rh loading leads to a decrease in the particle size in the active phase. Despite all three catalysts showing commendable CO selectivity levels, the C@Fe* catalyst showed the most promising performance at a temperature below 500 °C, attributed to the in-situ incorporation of Rh during the synthesis. Overall, this work showcases a strategy for designing novel Fe MOF-derived catalysts for RWGS reaction, opening new research opportunities for CO2 utilization schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Gandara Loe
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Centro Mixto CSIC – Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alejandro Pinzón Peña
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Centro Mixto CSIC – Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Martin Espejo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Centro Mixto CSIC – Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Luis F. Bobadilla
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Centro Mixto CSIC – Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Tomás Ramírez Reina
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Centro Mixto CSIC – Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Laura Pastor-Pérez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Centro Mixto CSIC – Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
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3
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Chen Q, Kang X, Zhang X, Cao Y, He L. Shvo-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of CO 2 in the Presence or Absence of Ionic Liquids for Tandem Reactions. J Org Chem 2022; 88:5044-5051. [PMID: 36511368 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have been widely used in transition metal-catalyzed processes, but the precise behavior of ILs and catalysts in these reactions is unknown. Herein, the role of ILs and the interaction pattern between Shvo's catalyst and ILs have been revealed with characterization by 1H NMR and crystallography based on the catalytic hydrogenation of CO2. ILs promote the dissociation of Shvo's catalyst and enhance the rate of production of CO. The CO that is produced is subsequently used in the tandem hydroformylation-reduction of alkenes to produce valuable alcohols. In the absence of ILs, formamides can be obtained by N-formylation of most primary or secondary amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation (OSSO), Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xingsi Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation (OSSO), Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuehua Zhang
- Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224007, P.R. China
| | - Yanwei Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation (OSSO), Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lin He
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation (OSSO), Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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4
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Jeske K, Rösler T, Belleflamme M, Rodenas T, Fischer N, Claeys M, Leitner W, Vorholt AJ, Prieto G. Direct Conversion of Syngas to Higher Alcohols via Tandem Integration of Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis and Reductive Hydroformylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201004. [PMID: 35491237 PMCID: PMC9400900 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The selective conversion of syngas to higher alcohols is an attractive albeit elusive route in the quest for effective production of chemicals from alternative carbon resources. We report the tandem integration of solid cobalt Fischer–Tropsch and molecular hydroformylation catalysts in a one‐pot slurry‐phase process. Unprecedented selectivities (>50 wt %) to C2+ alcohols are achieved at CO conversion levels >70 %, alongside negligible CO2 side‐production. The efficient overall transformation is enabled by catalyst engineering, bridging gaps in operation temperature and intrinsic selectivity which have classically precluded integration of these reactions in a single conversion step. Swift capture of 1‐olefin Fischer–Tropsch primary products by the molecular hydroformylation catalyst, presumably within the pores of the solid catalyst is key for high alcohol selectivity. The results underscore that controlled cooperation between solid aggregate and soluble molecular metal catalysts, which pertain to traditionally dichotomic realms of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis, is a promising blueprint toward selective conversion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Jeske
- Department for Heterogeneous Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Thorsten Rösler
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Maurice Belleflamme
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Tania Rodenas
- ITQ Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC), Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nico Fischer
- Catalysis Institute and DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Catalysis c✶change, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Michael Claeys
- Catalysis Institute and DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Catalysis c✶change, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Walter Leitner
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.,Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie RWTH Aachen, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas J Vorholt
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Gonzalo Prieto
- Department for Heterogeneous Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.,ITQ Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC), Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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5
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Jeske K, Rösler T, Belleflamme M, Rodenas T, Fischer N, Claeys M, Leitner W, Vorholt AJ, Prieto G. Direct Conversion of Syngas to Higher Alcohols via Tandem Integration of Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis and Reductive Hydroformylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Jeske
- Department for Heterogeneous Catalysis Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Thorsten Rösler
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Maurice Belleflamme
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Tania Rodenas
- ITQ Instituto de Tecnología Química Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC) Avenida de los Naranjos s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - Nico Fischer
- Catalysis Institute and DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Catalysis c✶change Department of Chemical Engineering University of Cape Town Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701 South Africa
| | - Michael Claeys
- Catalysis Institute and DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Catalysis c✶change Department of Chemical Engineering University of Cape Town Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701 South Africa
| | - Walter Leitner
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie RWTH Aachen Worringerweg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Andreas J. Vorholt
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Gonzalo Prieto
- Department for Heterogeneous Catalysis Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- ITQ Instituto de Tecnología Química Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC) Avenida de los Naranjos s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
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6
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Shen X, Zhang C, Han B, Wang F. Catalytic self-transfer hydrogenolysis of lignin with endogenous hydrogen: road to the carbon-neutral future. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1608-1628. [PMID: 35188154 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00908g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to the depletion of fossil sources, it is imperative to develop a sustainable and carbon-neutral biorefinery for supporting the fuel and chemical supply in modern society. Lignin, the only renewable aromatic source, is still an underutilized component in lignocellulose. Very recently, it has been found that hydrogenolysis is a promising technology for lignin valorization. However, high-pressure H2 is necessary during lignin hydrogenolysis, resulting in safety problems. Furthermore, H2 is mainly produced from steam reforming of fossil sources in industry, which makes the conversion of renewable lignin unsustainable and costly. Plentiful aliphatic hydroxyl and methoxy groups exist in native lignin and offer a renewable alternative to H2, and can be hydrogen sources for the depolymerization and upgradation of lignin via the intramolecular catalytic transfer hydrogenation. The hydrogen source in situ generated from lignin is a type of green hydrogen, decreasing the carbon footprint. The purpose of this review is to provide a summary and perspective of lignin valorization via self-transfer hydrogenolysis, mainly focusing on a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of catalytic self-transfer hydrogenolysis at the molecular level and developing highly effective catalytic systems. Moreover, some opportunities and challenges within this attractive field are given to discuss future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Chaofeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Buxing Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
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7
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Gandara-Loe J, Portillo E, Odriozola JA, Reina TR, Pastor-Pérez L. K-Promoted Ni-Based Catalysts for Gas-Phase CO 2 Conversion: Catalysts Design and Process Modelling Validation. Front Chem 2021; 9:785571. [PMID: 34869232 PMCID: PMC8636742 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.785571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The exponential growth of greenhouse gas emissions and their associated climate change problems have motivated the development of strategies to reduce CO2 levels via CO2 capture and conversion. Reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction has been targeted as a promising pathway to convert CO2 into syngas which is the primary reactive in several reactions to obtain high-value chemicals. Among the different catalysts reported for RWGS, the nickel-based catalyst has been proposed as an alternative to the expensive noble metal catalyst. However, Ni-based catalysts tend to be less active in RWGS reaction conditions due to preference to CO2 methanation reaction and to the sintering and coke formation. Due to this, the aim of this work is to study the effect of the potassium (K) in Ni/CeO2 catalyst seeking the optimal catalyst for low-temperature RWGS reaction. We synthesised Ni-based catalyst with different amounts of K:Ni ratio (0.5:10, 1:10, and 2:10) and fully characterised using different physicochemical techniques where was observed the modification on the surface characteristics as a function of the amount of K. Furthermore, it was observed an improvement in the CO selectivity at a lower temperature as a result of the K-Ni-support interactions but also a decrease on the CO2 conversion. The 1K catalyst presented the best compromise between CO2 conversion, suppression of CO2 methanation and enhancing CO selectivity. Finally, the experimental results were contrasted with the trends obtained from the thermodynamics process modelling observing that the result follows in good agreement with the modelling trends giving evidence of the promising behaviour of the designed catalysts in CO2 high-scale units.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gandara-Loe
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Materials Sciences Institute, University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - E Portillo
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, School of Engineering, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain
| | - J A Odriozola
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Materials Sciences Institute, University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain.,Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - T R Reina
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Materials Sciences Institute, University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain.,Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - L Pastor-Pérez
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Materials Sciences Institute, University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain.,Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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8
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Tang R, Zhu Z, Li C, Xiao M, Wu Z, Zhang D, Zhang C, Xiao Y, Chu M, Genest A, Rupprechter G, Zhang L, Zhang X, He L. Ru-Catalyzed Reverse Water Gas Shift Reaction with Near-Unity Selectivity and Superior Stability. ACS MATERIALS LETTERS 2021; 3:1652-1659. [PMID: 34901871 PMCID: PMC8653414 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.1c00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cascade catalysis of reverse water gas shift (RWGS) and well-established CO hydrogenation holds promise for the conversion of greenhouse gas CO2 and renewable H2 into liquid hydrocarbons and methanol under mild conditions. However, it remains a big challenge to develop low-temperature RWGS catalysts with high activity, selectivity, and stability. Here, we report the design of an efficient RWGS catalyst by encapsulating ruthenium clusters with the size of 1 nm inside hollow silica shells. The spatially confined structure prevents the sintering of Ru clusters while the permeable silica layer allows the diffusion of gaseous reactants and products. This catalyst with reduced particle sizes not only inherits the excellent activity of Ru in CO2 hydrogenation reactions but also exhibits nearly 100% CO selectivity and superior stability at 200-500 °C. The ability to selectively produce CO from CO2 at relatively low temperatures paves the way for the production of value-added fuels from CO2 and renewable H2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tang
- Institute
of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory
for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International
Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zhijie Zhu
- Institute
of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory
for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International
Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Chaoran Li
- Institute
of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory
for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International
Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Mengqi Xiao
- Institute
of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory
for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International
Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zhiyi Wu
- Institute
of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory
for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International
Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Dake Zhang
- Institute
of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory
for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International
Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Institute
of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory
for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International
Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Institute
of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory
for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International
Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Mingyu Chu
- Institute
of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory
for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International
Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Alexander Genest
- Institute
of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität, Wien, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Günther Rupprechter
- Institute
of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität, Wien, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Liang Zhang
- Institute
of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory
for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International
Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Institute
of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory
for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International
Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Le He
- Institute
of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory
for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International
Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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9
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Asare Bediako BB, Qian Q, Han B. Synthesis of C 2+ Chemicals from CO 2 and H 2 via C-C Bond Formation. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:2467-2476. [PMID: 33844914 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusThe severity of global warming necessitates urgent CO2 mitigation strategies. Notably, CO2 is a cheap, abundant, and renewable carbon resource, and its chemical transformation has attracted great attention from society. Because CO2 is in the highest oxidation state of the C atom, the hydrogenation of CO2 is the basic means of converting it to organic chemicals. With the rapid development of H2 generation by water splitting using electricity from renewable resources, reactions using CO2 and H2 have become increasingly important. In the past few decades, the advances of CO2 hydrogenation have mostly been focused on the synthesis of C1 products, such as CO, formic acid and its derivatives, methanol, and methane. In many cases, the chemicals with two or more carbons (C2+) are more important. However, the synthesis of C2+ chemicals from CO2 and H2 is much more difficult because it involves controlled hydrogenation and simultaneous C-C bond formation. Obviously, investigations on this topic are of great scientific and practical significance. In recent years, we have been targeting this issue and have successfully synthesized the basic C2+ chemicals including carboxylic acids, alcohols, and liquid hydrocarbons, during which we discovered several important new reactions and new reaction pathways. In this Account, we systematically present our work and insights in a broad context with other related reports.1.We discovered a reaction of acetic acid production from methanol, CO2 and H2, which is different from the well-known methanol carbonylation. We also discovered a reaction of C3+ carboxylic acids syntheses using ethers to react with CO2 and H2, which proceeds via olefins as intermediates. Following the new reaction, we realized the synthesis of acetamide by introducing various amines, which may inspire the development of further catalytic schemes for preparing a variety of special chemicals using carbon dioxide as a building block.2.We designed a series of homogeneous catalysts to accelerate the production of C2+ alcohols via CO2 hydrogenation. In the heterogeneously catalyzed CO2 hydrogenation, we discovered the role of water in enhancing the synthesis of C2+ alcohols. We also developed a series of routes for ethanol production using CO2 and H2 to react with some substrates, such as methanol, dimethyl ether, aryl methyl ether, lignin, or paraformaldehyde.3.We designed a catalyst that can directly hydrogenate CO2 to C5+ hydrocarbons at 200 °C, not via the traditional CO or methanol intermediates. We also designed a route to couple homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, where exceptional results are achieved at 180 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Baffour Asare Bediako
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qingli Qian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Physical Science Laboratory, Huairou National Comprehensive Science Center, No. 5 Yanqi East Second Street, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Buxing Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Physical Science Laboratory, Huairou National Comprehensive Science Center, No. 5 Yanqi East Second Street, Beijing 101400, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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Shen X, Xin Y, Liu H, Han B. Product-oriented Direct Cleavage of Chemical Linkages in Lignin. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:4367-4381. [PMID: 32449257 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is one of the most important biomacromolecules in the plant biomass and the largest renewable source of aromatic building blocks in nature. Selectively producing value-added chemicals from the catalytic transformation of renewable lignin is of strategic significance and meet sustainability targets owing to the excessive consumption of non-renewable petroleum resource, but remains a long-term challenge owing to the complexity of lignin structure. This Minireview provides a summary and perspective of the extensive research that provides insight into selectively catalytic transformations of lignin and its derived monomers via directed scissor of chemical linkages (C-O and C-C bonds) with product-oriented targets. Furthermore, some challenges and opportunities of lignin catalytic transformation are provided based on existing problems in this field for readers to discuss future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Physical Science Laboratory, Huairou National Comprehensive Science Center, Beijing, 101407, P. R. China
| | - Yu Xin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Physical Science Laboratory, Huairou National Comprehensive Science Center, Beijing, 101407, P. R. China
| | - Huizhen Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Physical Science Laboratory, Huairou National Comprehensive Science Center, Beijing, 101407, P. R. China
| | - Buxing Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Physical Science Laboratory, Huairou National Comprehensive Science Center, Beijing, 101407, P. R. China
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Chen J, Fan X, Zhang L, Chen X, Sun S, Sun RC. Research Progress in Lignin-Based Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizer. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:4356-4366. [PMID: 32291938 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
As a skeleton component of plants, lignin is an organic macromolecule polymer that can be regenerated and naturally degraded. Annually, plant growth produces about 150 billion tons of lignin. In industrial processes such as paper and biomass-refining industry, large amounts of lignin are formed as by-products. Most of technical lignins are directly combusted to obtain heat, which not only is a waste of organic matter but also leads to environmental pollution and other issues. Interestingly, lignin can be used as slow-release carriers and coating materials for fertilizers due to its excellent slow release properties as well as chelating and other functionalities. Preparation of lignin-based slow/controlled release fertilizers can be achieved by sustainable chemical (ammoxidation, Mannich reaction, and other chemical modifications), coating (without or with chemical modification), and chelation modifications. This Review systematically summarizes the methods, mechanisms, and application of the above methods for preparing lignin-based slow/controlled release fertilizers. Although the evaluation standards and methods of lignin-based slow/controlled release fertilizers are not perfect, it is believed that more and more scholars will pay more attention to them to accelerate the development and application of lignin-based slow/controlled release fertilizers, so as to improve their relevant standards. In short, there is an urgent need to improve the preparation process of lignin-based slow/controlled release fertilizers and application as lignin-based slow/controlled release fertilizers to production practice as soon as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Fan
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, P. R. China
| | - Lidan Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, P. R. China
| | - Shaolong Sun
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, P. R. China
| | - Run-Cang Sun
- Center for Lignocellulose Science and Engineering, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Papermaking Engineering, School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
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