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Vermeeren B, Van Praet S, Arts W, Narmon T, Zhang Y, Zhou C, Steenackers HP, Sels BF. From sugars to aliphatic amines: as sweet as it sounds? Production and applications of bio-based aliphatic amines. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 39365265 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00244j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Aliphatic amines encompass a diverse group of amines that include alkylamines, alkyl polyamines, alkanolamines and aliphatic heterocyclic amines. Their structural diversity and distinctive characteristics position them as indispensable components across multiple industrial domains, ranging from chemistry and technology to agriculture and medicine. Currently, the industrial production of aliphatic amines is facing pressing sustainability, health and safety issues which all arise due to the strong dependency on fossil feedstock. Interestingly, these issues can be fundamentally resolved by shifting toward biomass as the feedstock. In this regard, cellulose and hemicellulose, the carbohydrate fraction of lignocellulose, emerge as promising feedstock for the production of aliphatic amines as they are available in abundance, safe to use and their aliphatic backbone is susceptible to chemical transformations. Consequently, the academic interest in bio-based aliphatic amines via the catalytic reductive amination of (hemi)cellulose-derived substrates has systematically increased over the past years. From an industrial perspective, however, the production of bio-based aliphatic amines will only be the middle part of a larger, ideally circular, value chain. This value chain additionally includes, as the first part, the refinery of the biomass feedstock to suitable substrates and, as the final part, the implementation of these aliphatic amines in various applications. Each part of the bio-based aliphatic amine value chain will be covered in this Review. Applying a holistic perspective enables one to acknowledge the requirements and limitations of each part and to efficiently spot and potentially bridge knowledge gaps between the different parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Vermeeren
- Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering (CSCE), KU Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Sofie Van Praet
- Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering (CSCE), KU Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Wouter Arts
- Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering (CSCE), KU Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Thomas Narmon
- Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering (CSCE), KU Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Yingtuan Zhang
- Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering (CSCE), KU Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering (CSCE), KU Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | - Bert F Sels
- Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering (CSCE), KU Leuven, Belgium.
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Saulnier-Bellemare T, Patience GS. Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis of Glucose to Lactic Acid and Lactates: A Review. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:23121-23137. [PMID: 38854556 PMCID: PMC11154925 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The current societal demand to replace polymers derived from petroleum with sustainable bioplastics such as polylactic acid (PLA) has motivated industry to commercialize ever-larger facilities for biobased monomers like lactic acid. Even though most of the lactic acid is produced by fermentation, long reaction times and high capital costs compromise the economics and thus limit the appeal of biotechnological processes. Catalytic conversion of hexose from biomass is a burgeoning alternative to fermentation. Here we identify catalysts to convert glucose to lactic acid, along with their proposed mechanisms. High Lewis acidity makes erbium salts among the most active homogeneous catalysts, while solvent coordination with the metal species polarize the substrate, increasing the catalytic activity. For heterogeneous catalysts, Sn-containing bimetallic systems combine the high Lewis acidity of Sn while moderating it with another metal, thus decreasing byproducts. Hierarchical bimetallic Sn-Beta zeolites combine a high number of open sites catalyzing glucose isomerization in the mesoporous regions and the confinement effect assisting fructose retro-aldol in microporous regions, yielding up to 67% lactic acid from glucose. Loss of activity is still an issue for heterogeneous catalysts, mostly due to solvent adsorption on the active sites, coke formation, and metal leaching, which impedes its large scale adoption.
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Aksenov AV, Aksenov DA, Kurenkov IA, Leontiev AV, Aksenov NA. A New, Convenient Way to Fully Substituted α,β-Unsaturated γ-Hydroxy Butyrolactams. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10213. [PMID: 37373361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of novel, highly functionalized 5-hydroxy 3-pyrrolin-2-ones via a two-step procedure involving an addition reaction between KCN and corresponding chalcones, followed by ring condensation of the obtained β-cyano ketones with het(aryl)aldehydes under basic conditions is described. This protocol enables the preparation of various 3,5-di-aryl/heteroaryl-4-benzyl substituted α,β-unsaturated γ-hydroxy butyrolactams, which are subjects of significant interest to synthetic organic and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Aksenov
- Department of Chemistry, North Caucasus Federal University, 1a Pushkin St., 355009 Stavropol, Russia
| | - Dmitrii A Aksenov
- Department of Chemistry, North Caucasus Federal University, 1a Pushkin St., 355009 Stavropol, Russia
| | - Igor A Kurenkov
- Department of Chemistry, North Caucasus Federal University, 1a Pushkin St., 355009 Stavropol, Russia
| | - Alexander V Leontiev
- Department of Chemistry, North Caucasus Federal University, 1a Pushkin St., 355009 Stavropol, Russia
| | - Nicolai A Aksenov
- Department of Chemistry, North Caucasus Federal University, 1a Pushkin St., 355009 Stavropol, Russia
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Weng Y, Zou M, Liu X, Gu J, Liu Z, Fan Y, Zhang Y, Liao Y. Conversion of glucose to methyl glycolate in subcritical methanol. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:4340-4343. [PMID: 36945862 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00303e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Methyl glycolate (MG) is an important biodegradable PGA plastic monomer. Herein, a green approach to synthesize MG by methanolysis of glucose is proposed, in which the subcritical methanol and phenol/quinone redox system were combined to promote the reversible C-C cleavage and oxidation during the cascade reaction of glucose to MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Weng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, P. R. China.
| | - Min Zou
- Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, P. R. China.
| | - Xuying Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, P. R. China.
| | - Junchao Gu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, P. R. China.
| | - Zhijie Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, P. R. China.
| | - Yunchang Fan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, P. R. China.
| | - Yulong Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, P. R. China.
| | - Yuhe Liao
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Flynn MT, Liu X, Dell'Acqua A, Rabeah J, Brückner A, Baráth E, Tin S, de Vries JG. Glycolaldehyde as a Bio-Based C 1 Building Block for Selective N-Formylation of Secondary Amines. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202201264. [PMID: 35947792 PMCID: PMC9826180 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biomass derived glycolaldehyde was employed as C1 building block for the N-formylation of secondary amines using air as oxidant. The reaction is atom economic, highly selective and proceeds under catalyst free conditions. This strategy can be used for the synthesis of cyclic and acyclic formylamines, including DMF. Mechanistic studies suggest a radical oxidation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Flynn
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V.Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Xin Liu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V.Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Andrea Dell'Acqua
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V.Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Jabor Rabeah
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V.Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Angelika Brückner
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V.Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Eszter Baráth
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V.Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Sergey Tin
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V.Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Johannes G. de Vries
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V.Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
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Barsøe LR, Saravanamurugan S, Taarning E, Espin JSM, Meier S. Heterogeneous Base‐Catalyzed Conversion of Glycolaldehyde to Aldotetroses: Mechanistic and Kinetic Insight. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linette Rønn Barsøe
- New Business R&D Haldor Topsøe A/S 2800-Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 2800-Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | | | - Esben Taarning
- New Business R&D Haldor Topsøe A/S 2800-Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | | | - Sebastian Meier
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 2800-Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
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Jessen BM, Taarning E, Madsen R. Synthesis, Stability, and Diels‐Alder Reactions of Methyl 2‐Oxobut‐3‐enoate. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo M. Jessen
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Denmark 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Esben Taarning
- Haldor Topsøe A/S Haldor Topsøes Allé 1 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Robert Madsen
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Denmark 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
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Faveere WH, Van Praet S, Vermeeren B, Dumoleijn KNR, Moonen K, Taarning E, Sels BF. Toward Replacing Ethylene Oxide in a Sustainable World: Glycolaldehyde as a Bio‐Based C
2
Platform Molecule. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William H. Faveere
- Centre for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Heverlee Belgium
| | - Sofie Van Praet
- Centre for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Heverlee Belgium
| | - Benjamin Vermeeren
- Centre for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Heverlee Belgium
| | | | - Kristof Moonen
- Eastman Chemical Company Pantserschipstraat 207 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | | | - Bert F. Sels
- Centre for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Heverlee Belgium
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Faveere WH, Van Praet S, Vermeeren B, Dumoleijn KNR, Moonen K, Taarning E, Sels BF. Toward Replacing Ethylene Oxide in a Sustainable World: Glycolaldehyde as a Bio-Based C 2 Platform Molecule. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:12204-12223. [PMID: 32833281 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Fossil-based platform molecules such as ethylene and ethylene oxide currently serve as the primary feedstock for the C2 -based chemical industry. However, in the search for a more sustainable chemical industry, fossil-based resources may preferentially be replaced by renewable alternatives, provided there is realistic economic feasibility. This Review compares and critically discusses several production routes toward bio-based structural analogues of ethylene oxide and the required adaptations for their implementation in state-of-the-art C2 -based chemical processes. For example, glycolaldehyde, a structural analogue obtainable from carbohydrates by atom-economic retro-aldol reactions, may replace ethylene oxide's leading role. This alternative chemical route may not only allow the carbon footprint of conventional chemicals production to be lowered, but the introduction of a bio-based pathway may also contribute to safer production processes. Where possible, challenges, drawbacks, and prospects are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Faveere
- Centre for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Sofie Van Praet
- Centre for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Vermeeren
- Centre for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Kim N R Dumoleijn
- Eastman Chemical Company, Pantserschipstraat 207, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristof Moonen
- Eastman Chemical Company, Pantserschipstraat 207, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Esben Taarning
- Haldor Topsøe A/S, Nymøllevej 55, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bert F Sels
- Centre for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
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