1
|
Chai S, Zhao S, Su J, Zhang J, Chen X, Sprick RS, Fang Y. Films of linear conjugated polymer as photoanodes for oxidation reactions. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc03512g. [PMID: 39246357 PMCID: PMC11376065 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03512g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) devices hold huge potential to convert solar energy into chemical energy. However, the high cost of raw materials and film processing has hindered its practical use. In this study, we attempt to tackle this issue by fabricating straightforward semiconducting polymer films. These films function as photoanodes for various oxidation reactions, including water oxidation and oxidative organosynthesis. The structures of the polymer were assessed by incorporating electron-rich and electron-deficient co-monomers into dibenzo[b,d]thiophene sulfone materials. Furthermore, to gain comprehensive insight into the performance, we conducted both steady-state and in operando investigations, revealing that the active site on the polymer surface determines the rate of the conversion process. This study marks a significant stride towards leveraging economically viable semiconductors in PEC systems for efficient solar-to-chemical conversions. It addresses the challenges of high material costs and complex film processing, paving the way for the scaled-up application of this burgeoning technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuming Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University 350002 P. R. China
| | - Shun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University 350002 P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University 350002 P. R. China
| | - Jinshui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University 350002 P. R. China
| | - Xiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University 350002 P. R. China
| | | | - Yuanxing Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University 350002 P. R. China
- Sino-UK International Joint Laboratory on Photocatalysis for Clean Energy and Advanced Chemical & Materials, Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350002 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kong Y, Li X, Puente Santiago AR, He T. Nonmetal Atom Doping Induced Orbital Shifts and Charge Modulation at the Edge of Two-Dimensional Boron Carbonitride Leading to Enhanced Photocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5987-5997. [PMID: 38381029 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Electronic structure, particularly charge state analysis, plays a crucial role in comprehending catalytic mechanisms. This study focuses on metal-free boron carbonitride (BCN) nanosheets as a case study to investigate the impact of heteroatom doping on the charge state of active sites at the edge of two-dimensional (2D) metal-free nanomaterials. Our observations revealed that the doping induces a shift in the frontier py orbital near the Fermi level, accompanied by alterations in its charge state. These changes provide insights into the nitrogen adsorption descriptors and the critical hydrogenation step, ultimately leading to the proposal of a competitive charge transfer mechanism. Additionally, this exploration has led to the screening of five BCN-type structures (P@T1-C1, S@T1-B1, O@T1-B1, P@T1-B1C2, and P@T1-B1C3) with promising nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) performances. The BCN structure (S@T1-B1) exhibited the lowest NRR overpotential reaching -0.2 V, which is associated with the proposed charge competition mechanism. Furthermore, the investigation delves into the key step hydrogenation mechanism, descriptors, and volcano diagrams of the conformational relationships. In addition, the proposed doping strategy endows the 2D-BCN with more sensitivity toward the solar spectrum, suggesting its application as a potential photocatalyst. Overall, this study establishes a strong foundation for the advancement of nonmetal-atom-doped BCN nanosheets in nitrogen reduction applications, while also providing a versatile framework for fine-tuning edge-site activity within the broader context of two-dimensional photo/electrocatalytic materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youchao Kong
- Department of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224002, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Li
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Alain R Puente Santiago
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Tianwei He
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang J, Zhu Y, Njel C, Liu Y, Dallabernardina P, Stevens MM, Seeberger PH, Savateev O, Loeffler FF. Metal-free photoanodes for C-H functionalization. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7104. [PMID: 37925550 PMCID: PMC10625597 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42851-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic semiconductors, such as carbon nitride, when employed as powders, show attractive photocatalytic properties, but their photoelectrochemical performance suffers from low charge transport capability, charge carrier recombination, and self-oxidation. High film-substrate affinity and well-designed heterojunction structures may address these issues, achieved through advanced film generation techniques. Here, we introduce a spin coating pretreatment of a conductive substrate with a multipurpose polymer and a supramolecular precursor, followed by chemical vapor deposition for the synthesis of dual-layer carbon nitride photoelectrodes. These photoelectrodes are composed of a porous microtubular top layer and an interlayer between the porous film and the conductive substrate. The polymer improves the polymerization degree of carbon nitride and introduces C-C bonds to increase its electrical conductivity. These carbon nitride photoelectrodes exhibit state-of-the-art photoelectrochemical performance and achieve high yield in C-H functionalization. This carbon nitride photoelectrode synthesis strategy may be readily adapted to other reported processes to optimize their performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Zhang
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Yuntao Zhu
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christian Njel
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM) and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMFi), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pietro Dallabernardina
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oleksandr Savateev
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Felix F Loeffler
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Azoulay A, Aloni SS, Xing L, Tashakory A, Mastai Y, Shalom M. Polymeric Carbon Nitride with Chirality Inherited from Supramolecular Assemblies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311389. [PMID: 37581951 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The facile synthesis of chiral materials is of paramount importance for various applications. Supramolecular preorganization of monomers for thermal polymerization has been proven as an effective tool to synthesize carbon and carbon nitride-based (CN) materials with ordered morphology and controlled properties. However, the transfer of an intrinsic chemical property, such as chirality from supramolecular assemblies to the final material after thermal condensation, was not shown. Here, we report the large-scale synthesis of chiral CN materials capable of enantioselective recognition. To achieve this, we designed supramolecular assemblies with a chiral center that remains intact at elevated temperatures. The optimized chiral CN demonstrates an enantiomeric preference of ca. 14 %; CN electrodes were also prepared and show stereoselective interactions with enantiomeric probes in electrochemical measurements. By adding chirality to the properties transferrable from monomers to the final product of a thermal polymerization, this study confirms the potential of using supramolecular precursors to produce carbon and CN materials and electrodes with designed chemical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adi Azoulay
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Sapir Shekef Aloni
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Lidan Xing
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ayelet Tashakory
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Yitzhak Mastai
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Menny Shalom
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lei Y, Si W, Wang Y, Tan H, Di L, Wang L, Liang J, Hou F. Robust Carbon Nitride Homojunction Photoelectrode for Solar-Driven Water Splitting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:6726-6734. [PMID: 36692988 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Achieving intimate particle-to-particle and particle-to-substrate contacts is the first priority for fabricating high-quality photoelectrodes to ensure sufficient visible light absorption and efficient charge separation/transport. To achieve this goal, a seeding strategy is designed to construct a robust carbon nitride (CN) homojunction photoelectrode, in which vaporized precursors are condensed into a compact seeding layer at low temperatures, inducing the further deposition of the top layer. This optimized photoelectrode displays an excellent photocurrent density of 320 μA cm-2 in 0.1 M NaOH electrolyte at 1.23 VRHE (V vs reversible hydrogen electrode) under AM 1.5G illumination, with H2 and O2 evolution rates of 2.98 and 1.47 μmol h-1 cm-2, respectively. Characterizations show that both the robust contact and the homojunction of the double-layered CN film contribute to enhanced photoelectrochemical performance. This work may provide a new strategy for the design of high-performing CN photoelectrodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Lei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin300350, China
| | - Wenping Si
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin300350, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin300350, China
| | - Haotian Tan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin300350, China
| | - Lu Di
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin300350, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- Applied Physics Department, College of Physics and Materials Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin300387, China
| | - Ji Liang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin300350, China
| | - Feng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin300350, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhu Y, He L, Ni Y, Li G, Li D, Lin W, Wang Q, Li L, Yang H. Recent Progress on Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting of Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-CN) Electrodes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2374. [PMID: 35889598 PMCID: PMC9321715 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN), a promising visible-light-responsive semiconductor material, is regarded as a fascinating photocatalyst and heterogeneous catalyst for various reactions due to its non-toxicity, high thermal durability and chemical durability, and "earth-abundant" nature. However, practical applications of g-CN in photoelectrochemical (PEC) and photoelectronic devices are still in the early stages of development due to the difficulties in fabricating high-quality g-CN layers on substrates, wide band gaps, high charge-recombination rates, and low electronic conductivity. Various fabrication and modification strategies of g-CN-based films have been reported. This review summarizes the latest progress related to the growth and modification of high-quality g-CN-based films. Furthermore, (1) the classification of synthetic pathways for the preparation of g-CN films, (2) functionalization of g-CN films at an atomic level (elemental doping) and molecular level (copolymerization), (3) modification of g-CN films with a co-catalyst, and (4) composite films fabricating, will be discussed in detail. Last but not least, this review will conclude with a summary and some invigorating viewpoints on the key challenges and future developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Material, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.Z.); (G.L.); (D.L.); (W.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Liang He
- No. 5 Electronics Research Institute of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Guangzhou 510610, China; (L.H.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yiqiang Ni
- No. 5 Electronics Research Institute of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Guangzhou 510610, China; (L.H.); (Y.N.)
| | - Genzhuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Material, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.Z.); (G.L.); (D.L.); (W.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Dongshuai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Material, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.Z.); (G.L.); (D.L.); (W.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Wang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Material, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.Z.); (G.L.); (D.L.); (W.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Qiliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Material, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.Z.); (G.L.); (D.L.); (W.L.); (H.Y.)
- Yibin Research Institute, Jilin University, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Liuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Material, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.Z.); (G.L.); (D.L.); (W.L.); (H.Y.)
- Yibin Research Institute, Jilin University, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Haibin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Material, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.Z.); (G.L.); (D.L.); (W.L.); (H.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li X, Wang J, Xia J, Fang Y, Hou Y, Fu X, Shalom M, Wang X. One-Pot Synthesis of CoS 2 Merged in Polymeric Carbon Nitride Films for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200330. [PMID: 35212173 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) has attracted intensive interest as sustainable, metal-free semiconductor for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Charge transfer along the films acts as the main concern to restrict the performance due to the amorphous nature of polymer. Herein, gradient concentration of cobalt disulfide (CoS2 ) merged in PCN films was realized as CSCN photoanode by a one-pot synthesis. Owing to the unique properties of CoS2 , namely high conductivity, the charge transfer of the CSCN photoanode was promoted, and thus the performance for PEC water oxidation was improved. The optimal photoanode exhibited a photoanodic current of 200 μA cm-2 at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode under air mass 1.5 global (AM 1.5G) illumination, which was approximately 4 times that of the pristine PCN photoanode. This work provides a new design of metal-free photoanodes to improve the performance of water splitting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Jiawen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Xia
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Yuanxing Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Yidong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Xianzhi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Menny Shalom
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Xinchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fang Y, Hou Y, Fu X, Wang X. Semiconducting Polymers for Oxygen Evolution Reaction under Light Illumination. Chem Rev 2022; 122:4204-4256. [PMID: 35025505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sunlight-driven water splitting to produce hydrogen fuel has stimulated intensive scientific interest, as this technology has the potential to revolutionize fossil fuel-based energy systems in modern society. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) determines the performance of overall water splitting owing to its sluggish kinetics with multielectron transfer processing. Polymeric photocatalysts have recently been developed for the OER, and substantial progress has been realized in this emerging research field. In this Review, the focus is on the photocatalytic technologies and materials of polymeric photocatalysts for the OER. Two practical systems, namely, particle suspension systems and film-based photoelectrochemical systems, form two main sections. The concept is reviewed in terms of thermodynamics and kinetics, and polymeric photocatalysts are discussed based on three key characteristics, namely, light absorption, charge separation and transfer, and surface oxidation reactions. A satisfactory OER performance by polymeric photocatalysts will eventually offer a platform to achieve overall water splitting and other advanced applications in a cost-effective, sustainable, and renewable manner using solar energy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxing Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Yidong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Xianzhi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Xinchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xia J, Mark G, Volokh M, Fang Y, Chen H, Wang X, Shalom M. Supramolecular organization of melem for the synthesis of photoactive porous carbon nitride rods. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:19511-19517. [PMID: 34797356 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06974h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsic defects and structural properties are two main factors influencing the photocatalytic performance of carbon nitride (CN) materials. Here, photoactive porous CN rods are fabricated through the thermal condensation of melem-based hexagonal supramolecular assemblies. To overcome the poor solubility of melem, we exfoliate the bulk melem using hydrochloric acid. The latter allows good dispersibility of the monomer in an aqueous medium, leading to the formation of H-bond bridged supramolecular assembly with good regularity in both size and rod-like morphology. After thermal condensation, a well-ordered structure of porous CN rods with fewer defects due to the high thermal stability of the melem-based supramolecular assembly is obtained. The new CN materials have a high specific surface area, good light-harvesting properties, and enhanced charge separation and migration. The optimal CN material exhibits excellent photocatalytic activity and durability towards hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR, with good selectivity).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province 213164, China
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
| | - Gabriel Mark
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
| | - Michael Volokh
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
| | - Yuanxing Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Haiqun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province 213164, China
| | - Xinchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Menny Shalom
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Karjule N, Barrio J, Xing L, Volokh M, Shalom M. Highly Efficient Polymeric Carbon Nitride Photoanode with Excellent Electron Diffusion Length and Hole Extraction Properties. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:4618-4624. [PMID: 32407122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric carbon nitride (CN) has emerged as a promising semiconductor in photoanodes for photoelectrochemical cells (PECs) owing to its suitable electronic structure, tunable band gap, high stability, and low price. However, the poor electron diffusion within the CN layer and hole extraction to the solution still limit its applicability in PECs. Here, we report the fabrication of a CN photoanode with excellent electron diffusion length and remarkable hole extraction properties by careful design of its electronic interfaces. We combine complementary synthetic approaches to grow tightly packed CN layers forming a type-II heterojunction, which results in a CN photoanode with excellent charge separation, high electronic conductivity, and remarkable hole extraction efficiency. The optimized CN photoanode displays excellent PEC performance, reaching up to 270 μA cm-2 in a 0.1 M KOH solution at 1.23 V vs RHE, extremely low onset potential (∼0.0012 V), and long-term stability up to 18 h.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neeta Karjule
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Jesús Barrio
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Lidan Xing
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Michael Volokh
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Menny Shalom
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| |
Collapse
|