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Jesse KA, Abad SD, Studvick C, Andrade GA, Maurya S, Scott BL, Mukundan R, Popov IA, Davis BL. Impact of Pendent Ammonium Groups on Solubility and Cycling Charge Carrier Performance in Nonaqueous Redox Flow Batteries. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:19218-19229. [PMID: 37948607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis, characterization, electrochemical performance, and theoretical modeling of two base-metal charge carrier complexes incorporating a pendent quaternary ammonium group, [Ni(bppn-Me3)][BF4], 3', and [Fe(PyTRENMe)][OTf]3, 4', are described. Both complexes were produced in high yield and fully characterized using NMR, IR, and UV-vis spectroscopies as well as elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The solubility of 3' in acetonitrile showed a 283% improvement over its neutral precursor, whereas the solubility of complex 4' was effectively unchanged. Cyclic voltammetry indicates an ∼0.1 V positive shift for all waves, with some changes in reversibility depending on the wave. Bulk electrochemical cycling demonstrates that both 3' and 4' can utilize the second more negative wave to a degree, whereas 4' ceases to have a reversible positive wave. Flow cell testing of 3' and 4' with Fc as the posolyte reveals little improvement to the cycling performance of 3' compared with its parent complex, whereas 4' exhibits reductions in capacity decay when cycling either negative wave. Postcycling CVs indicate that crossover is the likely source of capacity loss in complexes 3, 3', and 4' because there is little change in the CV trace. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the ammonium group lowers the HOMO energy in 3' and 4', which may impart stability to cycling negative waves while making positive waves less accessible. Overall, the incorporation of a positively charged species can improve solubility, stored electron density, and capacity decay depending on the complex, features critical to high energy density redox flow battery performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate A Jesse
- MPA-11: Materials Physics Applications, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Sergio Diaz Abad
- MPA-11: Materials Physics Applications, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Chad Studvick
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Gabriel A Andrade
- MPA-11: Materials Physics Applications, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Sandip Maurya
- MPA-11: Materials Physics Applications, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Brian L Scott
- MPA-11: Materials Physics Applications, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Rangachary Mukundan
- MPA-11: Materials Physics Applications, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Ivan A Popov
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Benjamin L Davis
- MPA-11: Materials Physics Applications, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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Zhu Z, Jiang T, Ali M, Meng Y, Jin Y, Cui Y, Chen W. Rechargeable Batteries for Grid Scale Energy Storage. Chem Rev 2022; 122:16610-16751. [PMID: 36150378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Ever-increasing global energy consumption has driven the development of renewable energy technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. Battery energy storage systems (BESS) with high electrochemical performance are critical for enabling renewable yet intermittent sources of energy such as solar and wind. In recent years, numerous new battery technologies have been achieved and showed great potential for grid scale energy storage (GSES) applications. However, their practical applications have been greatly impeded due to the gap between the breakthroughs achieved in research laboratories and the industrial applications. In addition, various complex applications call for different battery performances. Matching of diverse batteries to various applications is required to promote practical energy storage research achievement. This review provides in-depth discussion and comprehensive consideration in the battery research field for GSES. The overall requirements of battery technologies for practical applications with key parameters are systematically analyzed by generating standards and measures for GSES. We also discuss recent progress and existing challenges for some representative battery technologies with great promise for GSES, including metal-ion batteries, lead-acid batteries, molten-salt batteries, alkaline batteries, redox-flow batteries, metal-air batteries, and hydrogen-gas batteries. Moreover, we emphasize the importance of bringing emerging battery technologies from academia to industry. Our perspectives on the future development of batteries for GSES applications are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxin Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Taoli Jiang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Mohsin Ali
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yahan Meng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yang Jin
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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Abstract
Redox flow batteries are a critical technology for large-scale energy storage, offering the promising characteristics of high scalability, design flexibility and decoupled energy and power. In recent years, they have attracted extensive research interest, with significant advances in relevant materials chemistry, performance metrics and characterization. The emerging concepts of hybrid battery design, redox-targeting strategy, photoelectrode integration and organic redox-active materials present new chemistries for cost-effective and sustainable energy storage systems. This Review summarizes the recent development of next-generation redox flow batteries, providing a critical overview of the emerging redox chemistries of active materials from inorganics to organics. We discuss electrochemical characterizations and critical performance assessment considering the intrinsic properties of the active materials and the mechanisms that lead to degradation of energy storage capacity. In particular, we highlight the importance of advanced spectroscopic analysis and computational studies in enabling understanding of relevant mechanisms. We also outline the technical requirements for rational design of innovative materials and electrolytes to stimulate more exciting research and present the prospect of this field from aspects of both fundamental science and practical applications.
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Hamby TB, LaLama MJ, Sevov CS. Controlling Ni redox states by dynamic ligand exchange for electroreductive Csp3-Csp2 coupling. Science 2022; 376:410-416. [PMID: 35446658 PMCID: PMC9260526 DOI: 10.1126/science.abo0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cross-electrophile coupling (XEC) reactions of aryl and alkyl electrophiles are appealing but limited to specific substrate classes. Here, we report electroreductive XEC of previously incompatible electrophiles including tertiary alkyl bromides, aryl chlorides, and aryl/vinyl triflates. Reactions rely on the merger of an electrochemically active complex that selectively reacts with alkyl bromides through 1e- processes and an electrochemically inactive Ni0(phosphine) complex that selectively reacts with aryl electrophiles through 2e- processes. Accessing Ni0(phosphine) intermediates is critical to the strategy but is often challenging. We uncover a previously unknown pathway for electrochemically generating these key complexes at mild potentials through a choreographed series of ligand-exchange reactions. The mild methodology is applied to the alkylation of a range of substrates including natural products and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor B. Hamby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Matthew J. LaLama
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Christo S. Sevov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Kolesnichenko CX, Pratt HD, Small LJ, Anderson TM. Elucidating Instabilities Contributing to Capacity Fade in Bipyridine‐Based Materials for Non‐aqueous Flow Batteries. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202101490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Harry D. Pratt
- Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque New Mexico 87185-00613 USA
| | - Leo J. Small
- Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque New Mexico 87185-00613 USA
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