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Wang C, Liu K, Jin Y, Huang S, Chun-Ho Lam J. Amorphous RuO 2 Catalyst for Medium Size Carboxylic Acid to Alkane Dimer Selective Kolbe Electrolysis in an Aqueous Environment. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300222. [PMID: 37431196 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic transformation of biomass-derived volatile carboxylic acids in an aqueous environment is crucial to developing a sustainable biorefinery. To date, Kolbe electrolysis remains arguably the most effective means to convert energy-diluted aliphatic carboxylic acids (carboxylate) to alkane for biofuel production. This paper reports the use of a structurally disordered amorphous RuO2 (a-RuO2 ) that is synthesized facilely in a hydrothermal method. The a-RuO2 is highly effective towards electrocatalytic oxidative decarboxylation of hexanoic acid and is able to produce the Kolbe product, decane, with a yield 5.4 times greater than that of commercial RuO2 . A systematic study of the reaction temperature, current intensity, and electrolyte concentration reveals the enhanced Kolbe product yield is attributable to the more efficient oxidation of the carboxylate anions for the alkane dimer formation. Our work showcases a new design idea for establishing an efficient electrocatalysts for decarboxylation coupling reaction, providing a new electrocatalyst candidate for Kolbe electrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Kaixin Liu
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yangxin Jin
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shuquan Huang
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Jason Chun-Ho Lam
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China
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2
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Neubert K, Hell M, Chávez Morejón M, Harnisch F. Hetero-Coupling of Bio-Based Medium-Chain Carboxylic Acids by Kolbe Electrolysis Enables High Fuel Yield and Efficiency. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202201426. [PMID: 36044593 PMCID: PMC9826165 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mixtures of n-carboxylic acids (n-CA) as derived from microbial conversion of waste biomass were converted to bio-fuel using Kolbe electrolysis. While providing full carbon and electron balances, key parameters like electrolysis time, chain length of n-CA, and pH were investigated for their influence on reaction efficiency. Electrolysis of n-hexanoic acid showed the highest coulombic efficiency (CE) of 58.9±16.4 % (n=4) for liquid fuel production among individually tested n-CA. Duration of the electrolysis was varied within a range of 0.27 to 1.02 faraday equivalents without loss of efficiency. Noteworthy, CE increased to around 70 % by hetero-coupling when electrolysing n-CA mixtures regardless of the applied pH. Thus, 1 L of fuel could be produced from 12.4 mol of n-CA mixture using 5.02 kWh (<1 € L-1 ). Thus, a coupling with microbial processes producing n-CA mixtures from different organic substrates and waste is more than promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Neubert
- Department of Environmental MicrobiologyUFZ – Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental ResearchPermoserstr. 1504318LeipzigGermany
| | - Max Hell
- Department of Environmental MicrobiologyUFZ – Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental ResearchPermoserstr. 1504318LeipzigGermany
| | - Micjel Chávez Morejón
- Department of Environmental MicrobiologyUFZ – Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental ResearchPermoserstr. 1504318LeipzigGermany
| | - Falk Harnisch
- Department of Environmental MicrobiologyUFZ – Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental ResearchPermoserstr. 1504318LeipzigGermany
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Pichler CM, Bhattacharjee S, Lam E, Su L, Collauto A, Roessler MM, Cobb SJ, Badiani VM, Rahaman M, Reisner E. Bio-Electrocatalytic Conversion of Food Waste to Ethylene via Succinic Acid as the Central Intermediate. ACS Catal 2022; 12:13360-13371. [PMID: 36366764 PMCID: PMC9638992 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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Ethylene is an important
feedstock in the chemical industry,
but
currently requires production from fossil resources. The electrocatalytic
oxidative decarboxylation of succinic acid offers in principle an
environmentally friendly route to generate ethylene. Here, a detailed
investigation of the role of different carbon electrode materials
and characteristics revealed that a flat electrode surface and high
ordering of the carbon material are conducive for the reaction. A
range of electrochemical and spectroscopic approaches such as Koutecky–Levich
analysis, rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE) studies, and Tafel analysis
as well as quantum chemical calculations, electron paramagnetic resonance
(EPR), and in situ infrared (IR) spectroscopy generated
further insights into the mechanism of the overall process. A distinct
reaction intermediate was detected, and the decarboxylation onset
potential was determined to be 2.2–2.3 V versus the reversible
hydrogen electrode (RHE). Following the mechanistic studies and electrode
optimization, a two-step bio-electrochemical process was established
for ethylene production using succinic acid sourced from food waste.
The initial step of this integrated process involves microbial hydrolysis/fermentation
of food waste into aqueous solutions containing succinic acid (0.3
M; 3.75 mmol per g bakery waste). The second step is the electro-oxidation
of the obtained intermediate succinic acid to ethylene using a flow
setup at room temperature, with a productivity of 0.4–1 μmol
ethylene cmelectrode–2 h–1. This approach provides an alternative strategy to produce ethylene
from food waste under ambient conditions using renewable energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M. Pichler
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EWCambridge, U.K
- Institute for Applied Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, A-1040Vienna, Austria
- Centre of Electrochemistry and Surface Technology, Viktor Kaplan Straße 2, A-2700Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Subhajit Bhattacharjee
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EWCambridge, U.K
| | - Erwin Lam
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EWCambridge, U.K
| | - Lin Su
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EWCambridge, U.K
| | - Alberto Collauto
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Pulse EPR Spectroscopy (PEPR), Imperial College, London Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, LondonW12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Maxie M. Roessler
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Pulse EPR Spectroscopy (PEPR), Imperial College, London Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, LondonW12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Samuel J. Cobb
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EWCambridge, U.K
| | - Vivek M. Badiani
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EWCambridge, U.K
| | - Motiar Rahaman
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EWCambridge, U.K
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EWCambridge, U.K
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Nordkamp MO, Mei B, Venderbosch R, Mul G. Study on the Effect of Electrolyte pH during Kolbe Electrolysis of Acetic Acid on Pt Anodes. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margot Olde Nordkamp
- PhotoCatalytic Synthesis Science and Technology Faculty University of Twente Drienerlolaan 5 7522 NB Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Bastian Mei
- PhotoCatalytic Synthesis Science and Technology Faculty University of Twente Drienerlolaan 5 7522 NB Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Robbie Venderbosch
- Biomass Technology Group Josink Esweg 34 7545 PN Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Guido Mul
- PhotoCatalytic Synthesis Science and Technology Faculty University of Twente Drienerlolaan 5 7522 NB Enschede The Netherlands
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Ranninger J, Nikolaienko P, Mayrhofer KJJ, Berkes BB. On-line Electrode Dissolution Monitoring during Organic Electrosynthesis: Direct Evidence of Electrode Dissolution during Kolbe Electrolysis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102228. [PMID: 35114080 PMCID: PMC9304240 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrode dissolution was monitored in real-time during Kolbe electrolysis along with the characteristic products. The fast determination of appropriate reaction conditions in electro-organic chemistry enables the minimization of electrode degradation while keeping an eye on the optimal formation rate and distribution of products. Herein, essential parameters influencing the dissolution of the electrode material platinum in a Kolbe electrolysis were pinpointed. The formation of reaction products and soluble platinum species were monitored during potentiodynamic and potentiostatic experiments using an electroanalytical flow cell coupled to two different mass spectrometers. The approach opens new vistas in the field of electro-organic chemistry because it enables precise and quick quantification of dissolved metals during electrosynthesis, also involving electrode materials other than platinum. Furthermore, it draws attention to the vital topic of electrode stability in electro-organic synthesis, which becomes increasingly important for the implementation of green chemical processes utilizing renewable energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Ranninger
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Pavlo Nikolaienko
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Karl J. J. Mayrhofer
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Balázs B. Berkes
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
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Kurig N, Meyers J, Richter E, Palkovits S, Palkovits R. 3D Printed Microreactors for the Continuous Non‐Kolbe Electrolysis. CHEM-ING-TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202100178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nils Kurig
- RWTH Aachen University Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry Worringerweg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Jérôme Meyers
- RWTH Aachen University Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry Worringerweg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Elisabeth Richter
- RWTH Aachen University Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry Worringerweg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Stefan Palkovits
- RWTH Aachen University Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry Worringerweg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Regina Palkovits
- RWTH Aachen University Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry Worringerweg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
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