1
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Mukheja Y, Kethavath SN, Banoth L, Pawar SV. Lignin: The green powerhouse for enzyme immobilization in biocatalysis and biosensing. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 280:135940. [PMID: 39322172 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Enzymes play an important role in diverse industries and are critical components of many industrial products, yet, their application is limited due to their sensitivity to environmental conditions, recovery challenges, and susceptibility to inhibition. Immobilizing enzymes onto a suitable support matrix imparts higher resistance and improves operational flexibility, recyclability, and reusability. Lignin, a renewable and abundant biopolymer derived from the paper and pulp industry, has emerged as one of the prominent materials to be incorporated in support matrices. The distinctive characteristics of lignin include high mechanical strength, ease of separation, chemical stability, robust matrix for securing enzyme binding, biocompatibility, and ease of surface functionalization, making it a promising alternative to traditional synthetic materials. Research studies suggest the effectiveness of various lignin-based materials for immobilizing enzymes and significantly improving their stability, reusability, and catalytic activity. This article critically examines the unique properties of lignin and highlights significant contributions made in the development of enzyme immobilization for biocatalysis and biosensing applications. Additionally, the roles of hybrid materials, multienzyme immobilization, and innovative strategies like interfacial activation and enzyme shielding are discussed for overcoming the current challenges and developing sustainable, efficient, and robust biocatalytic and biosensing processes for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashdeep Mukheja
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Santhosh Nayak Kethavath
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Chemical Engineering & Process Technology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Linga Banoth
- Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sandip V Pawar
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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2
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Sun Y, Guo M, Hu S, Jia Y, Zhu W, Yamauchi Y, Wang C. A carbon-based bifunctional heterogeneous enzyme: toward sustainable pollution control. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc03752a. [PMID: 39386913 PMCID: PMC11459632 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03752a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We present a study on an immobilized functional enzyme (IFE), a novel biomaterial with exceptional sustainability in enzyme utility, widely employed across various fields worldwide. However, conventional carriers are prone to eroding the active functional domain of the IFE, thereby weakening its intrinsic enzyme activity. Consequently, there is a burgeoning interest in developing next-generation IFEs. In this study, we engineered a carbon-based bifunctional heterogeneous enzyme (MIP-AMWCNTs@lipase) for the intelligent recognition of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), a common plasticizer. The heterogeneous enzyme contains a bifunctional structural domain that both enriches and degrades DEHP. We investigated its dual-response performance for the enrichment and specific removal of DEHP. The imprinting factor of the carrier for DEHP was 3.4, demonstrating selectivity for DEHP. The removal rate reached up to 94.2% over a short period. The heterogeneous enzyme exhibited robust activity, catalytic efficiency, and excellent stability under harsh environmental conditions, retaining 77.7% of its initial lipase activity after 7 cycles. Furthermore, we proposed a stepwise heterogeneous enzyme reaction kinetic model based on the Michaelis-Menten equation to enhance our understanding of enzyme reaction kinetics. Our study employs a dual-effect recognition strategy of molecular blotting and enzyme immobilization to establish a method for the removal of organic pollutants. These findings hold significant implications for the fields of biomaterials and environmental science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Sun
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Agricultural & Forestry University Hangzhou Zhejiang 311300 China
| | - Ming Guo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang Agricultural & Forestry University Hangzhou Zhejiang 311300 China
| | - Shengnan Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang Agricultural & Forestry University Hangzhou Zhejiang 311300 China
| | - Yankun Jia
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang Agricultural & Forestry University Hangzhou Zhejiang 311300 China
| | - Wenkai Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang Agricultural & Forestry University Hangzhou Zhejiang 311300 China
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
- Department of Materials Process Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu Yongin-si Gyeonggi-do 17104 South Korea
| | - Chaohai Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Green Low Carbon Water Treatment Technology and Water Resources Utilization, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction Pingdingshan Henan 467036 China
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3
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Tacias-Pascacio VG, Castañeda-Valbuena D, Tavano O, Abellanas-Perez P, de Andrades D, Santiz-Gómez JA, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Fernandez-Lafuente R. A review on the immobilization of bromelain. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133089. [PMID: 38878936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
This review shows the endeavors performed to prepare immobilized formulations of bromelain extract, usually from pineapple, and their use in diverse applications. This extract has a potent proteolytic component that is based on thiol proteases, which differ depending on the location on the fruit. Stem and fruit are the areas where higher activity is found. The edible origin of this enzyme is one of the features that determines the applications of the immobilized bromelain to a more significant degree. The enzyme has been immobilized on a wide diversity of supports via different strategies (covalent bonds, ion exchange), and also forming ex novo solids (nanoflowers, CLEAs, trapping in alginate beads, etc.). The use of preexisting nanoparticles as immobilization supports is relevant, as this facilitates one of the main applications of the immobilized enzyme, in therapeutic applications (as wound dressing and healing components, antibacterial or anticancer, mucus mobility control, etc.). A curiosity is the immobilization of this enzyme on spores of probiotic microorganisms via adsorption, in order to have a perfect in vivo compatibility. Other outstanding applications of the immobilized enzyme are in the stabilization of wine versus haze during storage, mainly when immobilized on chitosan. Curiously, the immobilized bromelain has been scarcely applied in the production of bioactive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veymar G Tacias-Pascacio
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Alimentos, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Lib. Norte Pte. 1150, 29039 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico.
| | - Daniel Castañeda-Valbuena
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Alimentos, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Lib. Norte Pte. 1150, 29039 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Olga Tavano
- Faculty of Nutrition, Alfenas Federal Univ., 700 Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St, Alfenas, MG 37130-000, Brazil
| | | | - Diandra de Andrades
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | - José Alfredo Santiz-Gómez
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Carretera Panamericana Km. 1080, 29050 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Ángel Berenguer-Murcia
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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4
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Santiago-Arcos J, Velasco-Lozano S, Diamanti E, Benítez-Mateos AI, Grajales-Hernández D, Paradisi F, López-Gallego F. Optimized Spatial Configuration of Heterogeneous Biocatalysts Maximizes Cell-Free Biosynthesis of ω-Hydroxy and ω-Amino Acids. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2024; 12:9474-9489. [PMID: 39280936 PMCID: PMC11394354 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c02396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Cell-free biocatalysis is gaining momentum in producing value-added chemicals, particularly in stepwise reaction cascades. However, the stability of enzyme cascades in industrial settings is often compromised when free enzymes are involved. In this study, we have developed a stable multifunctional heterogeneous biocatalyst coimmobilizing five enzymes on microparticles to transform 1,ω-diols into 1,ω-hydroxy acids. We improved the operational efficiency and stability of the heterogeneous biocatalyst by fine-tuning the enzyme loading and spatial organization. Stability issues are overcome through postimmobilization polymer coating. The general applicability of this heterogeneous biocatalyst is demonstrated by its scale-up in both batch and packed bed reactors, allowing a product yield of >80%. The continuous process is fed with H2O2 as the oxygen source, reaching a space-time yield (STY) of 0.76 g·L-1·h-1, maintained for the first 12 h. Finally, this flow system is telescoped with a second plug-flow reactor packed with a different heterogeneous biocatalyst integrating an additional transaminase. As a result, this 6-enzyme 2-reactor system sequentially transforms 1,ω-diols into 1,ω-amino acids while in situ recycling NAD+, depleting H2O2, and generating O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Santiago-Arcos
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Group, CIC biomaGUNE, Edificio Empresarial "C", Paseo de Miramón 182, 20009 Donostia, Spain
| | - Susana Velasco-Lozano
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Group, CIC biomaGUNE, Edificio Empresarial "C", Paseo de Miramón 182, 20009 Donostia, Spain
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna, 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragonese Foundation for Research and Development (ARAID), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eleftheria Diamanti
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Group, CIC biomaGUNE, Edificio Empresarial "C", Paseo de Miramón 182, 20009 Donostia, Spain
| | - Ana I Benítez-Mateos
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Grajales-Hernández
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Group, CIC biomaGUNE, Edificio Empresarial "C", Paseo de Miramón 182, 20009 Donostia, Spain
| | - Francesca Paradisi
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fernando López-Gallego
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Group, CIC biomaGUNE, Edificio Empresarial "C", Paseo de Miramón 182, 20009 Donostia, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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5
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Broumidis E, Paradisi F. Engineering a Dual-Functionalized PolyHIPE Resin for Photobiocatalytic Flow Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401912. [PMID: 38507522 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The use of a dual resin for photobiocatalysis, encompassing both a photocatalyst and an immobilized enzyme, brings several challenges, including effective immobilization, maintaining photocatalyst and enzyme activity and ensuring sufficient light penetration. However, the benefits, such as integrated processes, reusability, easier product separation, and potential for scalability, can outweigh these challenges, making dual resin systems promising for efficient and sustainable photobiocatalytic applications. In this study, we employed a photosensitizer-containing porous emulsion-templated polymer as a functional support that is used to covalently anchor a chloroperoxidase from Curvularia inaequalis (CiVCPO). We demonstrate the versatility of this heterogeneous photobiocatalytic material, which enables the bromination of four aromatic substrates, including rutin-a natural occurring flavonol-under blue light (456 nm) irradiation and continuous flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Broumidis
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Paradisi
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH3012, Bern, Switzerland
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6
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Jiang D, Xu T, Xiao H, Xu W, Zhu Q, Liu D, Chen Y, Ying H, Niu H, Li M. Fabrication of lignin-based sub-micro hybrid particle as a novel support for adenylate cyclase immobilization. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 233:113658. [PMID: 38008012 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
This study developed a surface functionalized lignin-based sub-microsphere as an innovative support for enzyme immobilization. Lignin was first modified with a silane reagent leading to lignin/SiO2 (LS) organic/inorganic hybrid particles, displayed as regular sub-micro spheres with a SiO2 shell as demonstrated in SEM images. The LS particles were further modified to introduce nickel ions, as evidenced in XPS spectra, facilitating affinity adsorption with a his-tagged enzyme. The immobilization of adenylate cyclase from Haloactinopolyspora alba (HaAC), expressed in Escherichia coli, was conducted on the surface functionalized LS (LS-G-NTA-Ni). The immobilization conditions were optimized to achieve the highest relative activity, which were determined to be using a Ni2+ concentration of 62.5 mM, at pH=9.5 and 25 °C, with an enzyme-to-support ratio of 4.0 for a duration of 2 h. The immobilized HaAC shows maximum relative activity at pH=9.5 and 40 °C, and exhibits significantly improved thermal stability compared to the free enzyme. After undergoing five reusing cycles, the immobilized HaAC maintains a satisfactory activity (54.15%), which is due to the surface chemistry and the structural stability of the functionalized LS. This work provides a valuable exploration for high-value application of industrial lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Honggang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wangbo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hanjie Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Huanqing Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
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7
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Zhang H, Nie M, Gu Z, Xin Y, Zhang L, Li Y, Shi G. Preparation of water-insoluble lignin nanoparticles by deep eutectic solvent and its application as a versatile and biocompatible support for the immobilization of α-amylase. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:125975. [PMID: 37494993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most abundant biopolymers, lignin is a widely available resource. However, its potential largely remains untapped, with most of it ending up as waste from industries like paper production, pulp processing, and bio-refining. The research undertaken in this study focused on the extraction of lignin from agroforestry waste using a deep eutectic solvent (DES) as a carrier for α-amylase immobilization, resulting in high stability and reusability. Several techniques, including Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method were employed to examine the structure and morphology of both the extracted lignin and the immobilized enzyme. The temperature used to recover lignin by DES would affect immobilization efficiency and enzyme loading by influencing its specific surface area, pore size, and volume distribution. Investigations using Nuclear Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy (NOESY) uncovered that the hydroxyl groups in G, H, and S units and the β-O-4 structure of lignin primarily serve as binding sites for enzyme molecules. Immobilized α-amylase demonstrated a higher pH and thermal stability level, with an optimal pH of 7.0 and temperature of 100 °C, compared to the free enzyme, which exhibited optimal activity at a pH of 6.5 and temperature of 90 °C. Importantly, immobilized α-amylase retained >80 % of its initial activity even after 28 days at room temperature, and it maintained 70 % of its activity after being reused 12 times. These findings strongly suggest that lignin derived from agroforestry residues holds promising potential as a future versatile immobilization material, a prospect integral to society's sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, PR China
| | - Mingfu Nie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, PR China
| | - Zhenghua Gu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, PR China
| | - Yu Xin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, PR China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, PR China.
| | - Youran Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, PR China
| | - Guiyang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, PR China
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8
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Yin Z, Zhou Y, Liu X, Zhang S, Binks BP. Highly efficient and recyclable monolithic bioreactor for interfacial enzyme catalysis. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 648:308-316. [PMID: 37301155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Biocatalysts are key to the realization of all bioconversions in nature. However, the difficulty of combining the biocatalyst and other chemicals in one system limits their application in artificial reaction systems. Although some effort, such as Pickering interfacial catalysis and enzyme-immobilized microchannel reactors, have addressed this challenge an effective method to combine chemical substrates and biocatalysts in a highly efficient and re-usable monolith system is still to be developed. EXPERIMENTS A repeated batch-type biphasic interfacial biocatalysis microreactor was developed using enzyme-loaded polymersomes in the void surface of porous monoliths. Polymersomes, loaded with Candida antarctica Lipase B (CALB), are fabricated by self-assembly of the copolymer PEO-b-P(St-co-TMI) and used to stabilize oil-in-water (o/w) Pickering emulsions as a template to prepare monoliths. By adding monomer and Tween 85 to the continuous phase, controllable open-cell monoliths are prepared to inlay CALB-loaded polymersomes in the pore walls. FINDINGS The microreactor is proven to be highly effective and recyclable when a substrate flows through it, which offers superior benefits of absolute separation to a pure product and no enzyme loss. The relative enzyme activity is constantly maintained above 93% in 15 cycles. The enzyme is constantly present in the microenvironment of the PBS buffer ensuring its immunity to inactivation and facilitating its recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqiao Yin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yiding Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiucai Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shengmiao Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Bernard P Binks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX. UK.
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9
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Benítez-Mateos AI, Paradisi F. Halomonas elongata: a microbial source of highly stable enzymes for applied biotechnology. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:3183-3190. [PMID: 37052635 PMCID: PMC10160191 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12510-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Extremophilic microorganisms, which are resistant to extreme levels of temperature, salinity, pH, etc., have become popular tools for biotechnological applications. Due to their availability and cost-efficacy, enzymes from extremophiles are getting the attention of researchers and industries in the field of biocatalysis to catalyze diverse chemical reactions in a selective and sustainable manner. In this mini-review, we discuss the advantages of Halomonas elongata as moderate halophilic bacteria to provide suitable enzymes for biotechnology. While enzymes from H. elongata are more resistant to the presence of salt compared to their mesophilic counterparts, they are also easier to produce in heterologous hosts compared with more extremophilic microorganisms. Herein, a set of different enzymes (hydrolases, transferases, and oxidoreductases) from H. elongata are showcased, highlighting their interesting properties as more efficient and sustainable biocatalysts. With this, we aim to improve the visibility of halotolerant enzymes and their uncommon properties to integrate biocatalysis in industrial set-ups. KEYPOINTS: • Production and use of halotolerant enzymes can be easier than strong halophilic ones. • Enzymes from halotolerant organisms are robust catalysts under harsh conditions. • Halomonas elongata has shown a broad enzyme toolbox with biotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Benítez-Mateos
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Francesca Paradisi
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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10
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Design and Applications of Enzyme-Linked Nanostructured Materials for Efficient Bio-catalysis. Top Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-022-01770-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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11
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Spheroplasts preparation boosts the catalytic potential of a squalene-hopene cyclase. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6269. [PMID: 36271006 PMCID: PMC9586974 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34030-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Squalene-hopene cyclases are a highly valuable and attractive class of membrane-bound enzymes as sustainable biotechnological tools to produce aromas and bioactive compounds at industrial scale. However, their application as whole-cell biocatalysts suffer from the outer cell membrane acting as a diffusion barrier for the highly hydrophobic substrate/product, while the use of purified enzymes leads to dramatic loss of stability. Here we present an unexplored strategy for biocatalysis: the application of squalene-hopene-cyclase spheroplasts. By removing the outer cell membrane, we produce stable and substrate-accessible biocatalysts. These spheroplasts exhibit up to 100-fold higher activity than their whole-cell counterparts for the biotransformations of squalene, geranyl acetone, farnesol, and farnesyl acetone. Their catalytic ability is also higher than the purified enzyme for all high molecular weight terpenes. In addition, we introduce a concept for the carrier-free immobilization of spheroplasts via crosslinking, crosslinked spheroplasts. The crosslinked spheroplasts maintain the same catalytic activity of the spheroplasts, offering additional advantages such as recycling and reuse. These timely solutions contribute not only to harness the catalytic potential of the squalene-hopene cyclases, but also to make biocatalytic processes even greener and more cost-efficient.
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Bertella S, Bernardes Figueirêdo M, De Angelis G, Mourez M, Bourmaud C, Amstad E, Luterbacher JS. Extraction and Surfactant Properties of Glyoxylic Acid-Functionalized Lignin. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200270. [PMID: 35532091 PMCID: PMC9543430 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The amphiphilic chemical structure of native lignin, composed by a hydrophobic aromatic core and hydrophilic hydroxy groups, makes it a promising alternative for the development of bio-based surface-active compounds. However, the severe conditions traditionally needed during biomass fractionation make lignin prone to condensation and cause it to lose hydrophilic hydroxy groups in favour of the formation of C-C bonds, ultimately decreasing lignin's abilities to lower surface tension of water/oil mixtures. Therefore, it is often necessary to further functionalize lignin in additional synthetic steps in order to obtain a surfactant with suitable properties. In this work, multifunctional aldehyde-assisted fractionation with glyoxylic acid (GA) was used to prevent lignin condensation and simultaneously introduce a controlled amount of carboxylic acid on the lignin backbone for its further use as surfactant. After fully characterizing the extracted GA-lignin, its surface activity was measured in several water/oil systems at different pH values. Then, the stability of water/mineral oil emulsions was evaluated at different pH and over a course of 30 days by traditional photography and microscopy imaging. Further, the use of GA-lignin as a surfactant was investigated in the formulation of a cosmetic hand cream composed of industrially relevant ingredients. Contrary to industrial lignins such as Kraft lignin, GA-lignin did not alter the color or smell of the formulation. Finally, the surface activity of GA-lignin was compared with other lignin-based and fossil-based surfactants, showing that GA-lignin presented similar or better surface-active properties compared to some of the most commonly used surfactants. The overall results showed that GA-lignin, a biopolymer that can be made exclusively from renewable carbon, can successfully be extracted in one step from lignocellulosic biomass. This lignin can be used as an effective surfactant without further modification, and as such is a promising candidate for the development of new bio-based surface-active products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Bertella
- Laboratory of Sustainable and Catalytic ProcessingInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)CH-1015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Monique Bernardes Figueirêdo
- Laboratory of Sustainable and Catalytic ProcessingInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)CH-1015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Gaia De Angelis
- Soft Materials LaboratoryInstitute of MaterialsÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)CH-1015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Malcolm Mourez
- Laboratory of Sustainable and Catalytic ProcessingInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)CH-1015LausanneSwitzerland
- Department of ChemistryÉcole PolytechniqueInstitut Polytechnique de Paris91128Palaiseau CedexFrance
| | - Claire Bourmaud
- Laboratory of Sustainable and Catalytic ProcessingInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)CH-1015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Esther Amstad
- Soft Materials LaboratoryInstitute of MaterialsÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)CH-1015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Jeremy S. Luterbacher
- Laboratory of Sustainable and Catalytic ProcessingInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)CH-1015LausanneSwitzerland
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Extraction of lignin from corncob residue via a deep eutectic solvent for the preparation of nanoparticles by self-assembly. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zhu H, Cai Y, Ma S, Futamura Y, Li J, Zhong W, Zhang X, Osada H, Zou H. Privileged Biorenewable Secologanin-Based Diversity-Oriented Synthesis for Pseudo-Natural Alkaloids: Uncovering Novel Neuroprotective and Antimalarial Frameworks. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:5320-5327. [PMID: 34636473 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bioprivileged molecules hold great promise for supplementing petrochemicals in sustainable organic synthesis of a diverse bioactive products library. Secologanin, a biorenewable monoterpenoid glucoside with unique structural elements, is the key precursor for thousands of natural monoterpenoid alkaloids. Inspired by its inherent highly congested functional groups, a secologanin-based diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) strategy for novel pseudo-natural alkaloids was developed. All the reactive units of secologanin were involved in these operation simplicity protocols under mild reaction conditions, including the one-step enantioselective transformation of exocyclic C8, C8/C11, and C8/C9/C10 as well as the chemoenzymatic manipulation of endocyclic C2/C6 via the attack by various nucleophiles. A combinatory scenario of the aforementioned reactions further provided diverse polycyclic products with multiple chiral centers. Preliminary activity screening of these newly constructed molecules led to the discovery of antimalarial and highly potent neuroprotective skeletons. The application of green biorenewable secologanin in diversity-oriented pseudo-natural monoterpenoid alkaloid synthesis might encourage the pursuit of valuable bioactive frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajian Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yunrui Cai
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Shijia Ma
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yushi Futamura
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Jinbiao Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Wen Zhong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Xiangnan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hongbin Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
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