1
|
De Smet G, Bai X, Maes BUW. Selective C(aryl)-O bond cleavage in biorenewable phenolics. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:5489-5551. [PMID: 38634517 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00570d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Biorefining of lignocellulosic biomass via a lignin first approach delivers a range of products with high oxygen content. Besides pulp, a lignin oil rich in guaiacols and syringols is obtained bearing multiple C(aryl)-OH and C(aryl)-OMe groups, typically named phenolics. Similarly, technical lignin can be used but is generally more difficult to process providing lower yields of monomers. Removal of the hydroxy and methoxy groups in these oxygenated arenes is challenging due to the inherently strong C-O bonds, in addition to the steric and electronic deactivation by adjacent -OH or -OMe groups. Moreover, chemoselective removal of a specific group in the presence of other similar functionalities is non-trivial. Other side-reactions such as ring saturation and transalkylation further complicate the desired reduction process. In this overview, three different selective reduction reactions are considered. Complete hydrodeoxygenation removes both hydroxy and methoxy groups resulting in benzene and alkylated derivatives (BTX type products) which is often complicated by overreduction of the arene ring. Hydrodemethoxylation selectively removes methoxy groups in the presence of hydroxy groups leading to phenol products, while hydrodehydroxylation only removes hydroxy groups without cleavage of methoxy groups giving anisole products. Instead of defunctionalization via reduction transformation of C(aryl)-OH, albeit via an initial derivatization into C(aryl)-OX, into other functionalities is possible and also discussed. In addition to methods applying guaiacols and syringols present in lignin oil as model substrates, special attention is given to methods using mixtures of these compounds obtained from wood/technical lignin. Finally, other important aspects of C-O bond activation with respect to green chemistry are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilles De Smet
- Organic Synthesis Division (ORSY), Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Xingfeng Bai
- Organic Synthesis Division (ORSY), Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bert U W Maes
- Organic Synthesis Division (ORSY), Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pan H, Li J, Wang Y, Xia Q, Qiu L, Zhou B. Solar-Driven Biomass Reforming for Hydrogen Generation: Principles, Advances, and Challenges. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2402651. [PMID: 38816938 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen (H2) has emerged as a clean and versatile energy carrier to power a carbon-neutral economy for the post-fossil era. Hydrogen generation from low-cost and renewable biomass by virtually inexhaustible solar energy presents an innovative strategy to process organic solid waste, combat the energy crisis, and achieve carbon neutrality. Herein, the progress and breakthroughs in solar-powered H2 production from biomass are reviewed. The basic principles of solar-driven H2 generation from biomass are first introduced for a better understanding of the reaction mechanism. Next, the merits and shortcomings of various semiconductors and cocatalysts are summarized, and the strategies for addressing the related issues are also elaborated. Then, various bio-based feedstocks for solar-driven H2 production are reviewed with an emphasis on the effect of photocatalysts and catalytic systems on performance. Of note, the concurrent generation of value-added chemicals from biomass reforming is emphasized as well. Meanwhile, the emerging photo-thermal coupling strategy that shows a grand prospect for maximally utilizing the entire solar energy spectrum is also discussed. Further, the direct utilization of hydrogen from biomass as a green reductant for producing value-added chemicals via organic reactions is also highlighted. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of photoreforming biomass toward hydrogen are envisioned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hu Pan
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, 899 Guangqiong Road, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314001, China
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Renewable Synthetic Fuel, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jinglin Li
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Renewable Synthetic Fuel, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yangang Wang
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, 899 Guangqiong Road, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314001, China
| | - Qineng Xia
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, 899 Guangqiong Road, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314001, China
| | - Liang Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Renewable Synthetic Fuel, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Baowen Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Renewable Synthetic Fuel, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pecoraro CM, Mino L, Kozyr E, Palmisano L, di Franco F, Loddo V, Santamaria M, Bellardita M. Pt-TiO 2 catalysts for glycerol photoreforming: comparison of anatase, brookite and rutile polymorphs. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:3782-3785. [PMID: 38436137 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00353e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
We compared the H2 production from glycerol photoreforming for different TiO2 polymorphs, highlighting an increase of activity in the order Pt-rutile < Pt-P25 ≈ Pt-anatase < Pt-brookite with a different distribution of the reaction intermediates. We show that the highest ability to adsorb water and the different distribution of Pt active sites in brookite can positively influence its photoactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Maria Pecoraro
- Engineering Department, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, Palermo, 90128, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Mino
- Department of Chemistry and Interdepartmental Centre NIS, University of Torino, Via Giuria 7, Torino 10125, Italy.
| | - Elizaveta Kozyr
- Department of Chemistry and Interdepartmental Centre NIS, University of Torino, Via Giuria 7, Torino 10125, Italy.
| | - Leonardo Palmisano
- Engineering Department, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, Palermo, 90128, Italy.
| | - Francesco di Franco
- Engineering Department, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, Palermo, 90128, Italy.
| | - Vittorio Loddo
- Engineering Department, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, Palermo, 90128, Italy.
| | - Monica Santamaria
- Engineering Department, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, Palermo, 90128, Italy.
| | - Marianna Bellardita
- Engineering Department, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, Palermo, 90128, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mascaretti L, Chen Y, Henrotte O, Yesilyurt O, Shalaev VM, Naldoni A, Boltasseva A. Designing Metasurfaces for Efficient Solar Energy Conversion. ACS PHOTONICS 2023; 10:4079-4103. [PMID: 38145171 PMCID: PMC10740004 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces have recently emerged as a promising technological platform, offering unprecedented control over light by structuring materials at the nanoscale using two-dimensional arrays of subwavelength nanoresonators. These metasurfaces possess exceptional optical properties, enabling a wide variety of applications in imaging, sensing, telecommunication, and energy-related fields. One significant advantage of metasurfaces lies in their ability to manipulate the optical spectrum by precisely engineering the geometry and material composition of the nanoresonators' array. Consequently, they hold tremendous potential for efficient solar light harvesting and conversion. In this Review, we delve into the current state-of-the-art in solar energy conversion devices based on metasurfaces. First, we provide an overview of the fundamental processes involved in solar energy conversion, alongside an introduction to the primary classes of metasurfaces, namely, plasmonic and dielectric metasurfaces. Subsequently, we explore the numerical tools used that guide the design of metasurfaces, focusing particularly on inverse design methods that facilitate an optimized optical response. To showcase the practical applications of metasurfaces, we present selected examples across various domains such as photovoltaics, photoelectrochemistry, photocatalysis, solar-thermal and photothermal routes, and radiative cooling. These examples highlight the ways in which metasurfaces can be leveraged to harness solar energy effectively. By tailoring the optical properties of metasurfaces, significant advancements can be expected in solar energy harvesting technologies, offering new practical solutions to support an emerging sustainable society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Mascaretti
- Czech
Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Regional Centre of Advanced
Technologies and Materials, Palacký
University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department
of Physical Electronics, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical
Engineering, Czech Technical University
in Prague, Břehová
7, 11519 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Yuheng Chen
- Elmore
Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology
Center, and Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- The
Quantum Science Center (QSC), a National Quantum Information Science
Research Center of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37931, United States
| | - Olivier Henrotte
- Czech
Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Regional Centre of Advanced
Technologies and Materials, Palacký
University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Omer Yesilyurt
- Elmore
Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology
Center, and Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- The
Quantum Science Center (QSC), a National Quantum Information Science
Research Center of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37931, United States
| | - Vladimir M. Shalaev
- Elmore
Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology
Center, and Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- The
Quantum Science Center (QSC), a National Quantum Information Science
Research Center of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37931, United States
| | - Alberto Naldoni
- Department
of Chemistry and NIS Centre, University
of Turin, Turin 10125, Italy
| | - Alexandra Boltasseva
- Elmore
Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology
Center, and Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- The
Quantum Science Center (QSC), a National Quantum Information Science
Research Center of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37931, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Song W, Du Q, Li X, Wang S, Song G. Sustainable Production of Bioactive Molecules from C-Lignin-Derived Propenylcatechol. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200646. [PMID: 35548878 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Catechyl lignin (C-lignin) is a naturally occurring linear homogeneous biopolymer composed solely of caffeyl alcohol subunits with cleavable benzodioxane linkages. The inherent structural features of propenylcatechol, a direct depolymerized product of castor seed coats C-lignin, render it a sustainable and promising platform for the synthesis of bioactive molecules. Herein, diversified transformations of propenylcatechol, including C=C bond difunctionalization, β-modification, β,γ-rearrangement, and γ-methyl derivatization, were reported based on known or developed methods. A series of functional molecular skeletons involved in the current synthetic routes for the preparation of pharmaceuticals and bioactive molecules were obtained. Starting from castor seed coats, annuloline (natural product) and CC-5079 (antitumor) were synthesized using facile and inexpensive reagents in only four- and five-sequence reactions, respectively, thereby demonstrating a superior step-efficiency to that of reported synthetic routes. Almost all atoms in the C-lignin biopolymer were incorporated into the final products owing to the intrinsic structures of naturally occurring C-lignin. Bioactive molecules produced from C-lignin integrate a low-carbon footprint with high-quality and economical manufacture of pharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology Institution, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315000, P. R. China
| | - Qinglian Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xiancheng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Shuizhong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Guoyong Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ma J, Yang X, Yao S, Guo Y, Sun R. Photocatalytic Biorefinery to Lactic Acid: A Carbon Nitride Framework with O Atoms Replacing the Graphitic N Linkers Shows Fast Migration/Separation of Charge. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiliang Ma
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and Biomaterials College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian 116034 P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control College of Light Industrial and Food Engineering Guangxi University Nanning 530004 P. R. China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials Fuzhou Fujian 350108 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences Jinan 250353 P. R. China
| | - Xiaopan Yang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and Biomaterials College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian 116034 P. R. China
| | - Shuangquan Yao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control College of Light Industrial and Food Engineering Guangxi University Nanning 530004 P. R. China
| | - Yanzhu Guo
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and Biomaterials College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian 116034 P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control College of Light Industrial and Food Engineering Guangxi University Nanning 530004 P. R. China
| | - Runcang Sun
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and Biomaterials College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian 116034 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li F, Ai H, Shen S, Geng J, Ho Lo K, Pan H. Two-Dimensional Dirac Nodal Line Carbon Nitride to Anchor Single-Atom Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102537. [PMID: 35132828 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional carbon nitride (2DCN) materials have emerged as an important class of 2D materials beyond graphene. However, 2DCN materials with nodal-line semimetal characteristic are rarely reported. In this work, a new nodal-line semimetal 2DCN with the stoichiometry C4 N4 is designed by using density functional theory (DFT) calculations and its application to anchor single-atom catalysts (SACs) for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is investigated. C4 N4 is a planar covalent network (sp2 hybridization) with regular holes formed by the four N atoms, which is dynamically, thermodynamically, and mechanically stable. The nodal line is contributed by the pz orbitals of C and px/y orbitals of N atoms. C4 N4 shows an anisotropic Fermi velocity and high electron mobility. Because of its porous structure, C4 N4 can anchor heteroatoms as SACs for electrocatalysis. C4 N4 anchored with Fe or Co is shown to be highly active for the ORR with a rather high half-wave potential of around 0.90 V, which is higher than those of SACs on other carbon nitrides. These findings may provide a new strategy to design novel substrates for SACs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Li
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao SAR, P. R. China
| | - Haoqiang Ai
- Department of Electromechanical Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, P. R. China
| | - Shiying Shen
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao SAR, P. R. China
| | - Jiazhong Geng
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao SAR, P. R. China
| | - Kin Ho Lo
- Department of Electromechanical Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, P. R. China
| | - Hui Pan
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao SAR, P. R. China
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|