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Melero M, Díaz U, Llabrés i Xamena FX. Thiophene-Based Covalent Triazine Frameworks as Visible-Light-Driven Heterogeneous Photocatalysts for the Oxidative Coupling of Amines. Molecules 2024; 29:1637. [PMID: 38611916 PMCID: PMC11013671 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study reports on a metal-free Covalent Triazine Framework (CTF) incorporating bithiophene structural units (TP-CTF) with a semicrystalline structure as an efficient heterogeneous photocatalyst under visible light irradiation. The physico-chemical properties and composition of this material was confirmed via different characterization solid-state techniques, such as XRD, TGA, CO2 adsorption and FT-IR, NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopies. The compound was synthesized through a solvothermal process and was explored as a heterogeneous photocatalyst for the oxidative coupling of amines to imines under visible light irradiation. TP-CTF demonstrated outstanding photocatalytic activity, with high conversion rates and selectivity. Importantly, the material exhibited exceptional stability and recyclability, making it a strong candidate for sustainable and efficient imine synthesis. The low bandgap of TP-CTF enabled the efficient absorption of visible light, which is a notable advantage for visible-light-driven photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Urbano Díaz
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Francesc X. Llabrés i Xamena
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
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Gu CC, Ni CQ, Wu RJ, Deng L, Zou J, Li H, Tong CY, Xu FH, Weng BC, Zhu RL. Donor-acceptor moiety functionalized covalent organic frameworks for boosting charge separation and H 2 photogeneration. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 658:450-458. [PMID: 38118191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.12.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have a broad prospect to be used as a photocatalytic platform to convert solar energy into valuable chemicals due to their tunable structures and rich active catalytic sites. However, constructing COFs with tuned sp2-carbon donor-acceptor moiety remains an enormous challenge. Herein, we synthesized two new fully π-conjugated cyano-ethylene-linked COFs containing benzotrithiophene as functional group by Knoevenagel polycondensation reaction. The accetpor 2,2'-bipyridine unit in BTT-BpyDAN-COF skeleton favored the formation of a intermolecular specific electron transport pathway with the donor benzotrithiophene, and thereby promoted charge separation and transfer efficiency. Specifically, a donor-acceptor (D-A) type BTT-BpyDAN-COF exhibited high hydrogen evolution rate of 10.1 mmol g-1h-1 and an excellent apparent quantum efficiency of 4.83 % under visible light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Cheng Gu
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Chen-Quan Ni
- Key Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy of Ministry of Education, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Run-Juan Wu
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Lu Deng
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Hao Li
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Chun-Yi Tong
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Feng-Hua Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Bai-Cheng Weng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Ri-Long Zhu
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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He W, Zhou J, Xu W, Li C, Li J, Wang N. Regulating the Content of Donor Unit in Donor-Acceptor Covalent Triazine Frameworks for Promoting Photocatalytic H 2 Production. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301175. [PMID: 37724486 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Using their own triazine groups as natural receptors, the introduction of various donor units to construct donor-receptor configuration in covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) has been shown to be an effective strategy to improve photocatalytic activity. In this work, the effect of donor unit content (D-content) on the photoelectric properties and photocatalytic activity of CTFs was thoroughly investigated. Four analogous CTFs with different D-content have been rationally designed and synthesized, in which the bithiophene (Btp) as the donor unit and triazine as the acceptor unit. And CTF-Btp with the highest D-content showed the best photocatalytic activity. The experimental and theoretical results indicated this improvement is attributed to stronger visible light absorption capacity and higher photoinduced charge carrier separation efficiency. This study elucidates the relationship between the structural features of CTFs with varying D-content and their photocatalytic activity, offering a promising strategy for developing efficient photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Wenhua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Chengbo Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Carbon Neutral Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
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Qin N, Mao A, Li L, Lin C, Zhai L, Liu J, Zou J, Cui CX, Mi L. Rational Design of Vinylene-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks for Modulating Photocatalytic H 2 Evolution. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300872. [PMID: 37466030 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Vinylene-linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have attracted enormous attention for photocatalytic H2 evolution from water because of their fully conjugated structures, high chemical stabilities, and enhanced charge-carrier mobilities. In this work, two novel vinylene-linked COFs with tuned cyano contents were successfully synthesized and then employed as photocatalysts for H2 generation. Notably, the photocatalytic H2 production rate of the COF with the higher cyano content reached 73 μmol h-1 under visible light irradiation, which is 2.4 times higher than that with the lower content (30 μmol h-1 ). Both the experimental and computational results demonstrated that the rational design incorporating cyano groups into COF skeletons could precisely tune the corresponding energy levels, expand the visible-light absorption, and improve the photoinduced charge separation. This work not only provides a simple method for modulating the photocatalytic activities of COFs at the molecular level, but also affords interesting insights into the relationship between their structures and photocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Qin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, P. R. China
| | - Aojie Mao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, P. R. China
| | - Linqiang Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, P. R. China
| | - Chao Lin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, P. R. China
| | - Lipeng Zhai
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, P. R. China
| | - Junhua Zou
- Institute of Energy Research, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330029, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Xing Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China
| | - Liwei Mi
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, P. R. China
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He T, Zhao Y. Covalent Organic Frameworks for Energy Conversion in Photocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202303086. [PMID: 37093128 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202303086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Intensifying energy crises and severe environmental issues have led to the discovery of renewable energy sources, sustainable energy conversion, and storage technologies. Photocatalysis is a green technology that converts eco-friendly solar energy into high-energy chemicals. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are porous materials constructed by covalent bonds that show promising potential for converting solar energy into chemicals owing to their pre-designable structures, high crystallinity, and porosity. Herein, we highlight recent progress in the synthesis of COF-based photocatalysts and their applications in water splitting, CO2 reduction, and H2 O2 production. The challenges and future opportunities for the rational design of COFs for advanced photocatalysts are discussed. This Review is expected to promote further development of COFs toward photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting He
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yanli Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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Chen P, Ru C, Hu L, Yang X, Wu X, Zhang M, Zhao H, Wu J, Pan X. Construction of Efficient D–A-Type Photocatalysts by B–N Bond Substitution for Water Splitting. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peiyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenglong Ru
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Leilei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Yang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingcai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
- School of Physics and Electronic Information, Yantai University, 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai 264005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jincai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Research, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
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