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Guo P, Xu Y, Wu H, Zhang L. Membrane-Free Selective Semi-Hydrogenation of Alkynes Over an In Situ Formed Copper Nanoparticle Electrode. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2401107. [PMID: 38530045 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Selective semi-hydrogenation of alkynes is a significant reaction for preparing functionalized alkenes. Electrochemical semi-hydrogenation presents a sustainable alternative to the traditional thermal process. In this research, affordable copper acetylacetonate is employed as a catalyst precursor for the electrocatalytic hydrogenation of alkynes, using MeOH as the hydrogen source in an undivided cell. Good to excellent yields for both aromatic and aliphatic internal/terminal alkynes are obtained under constant current conditions. Notably, up to 99% Z selectivity is achieved for various internal alkynes. Mechanistic investigations revealed the formation of copper nanoparticles (NPs) at the cathode during electrolysis, acting as the catalyst for the selective semireduction of alkynes. The copper NPs deposited cathode demonstrated reusable for further hydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Guo
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Yousen Xu
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
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2
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Duan Y, Zheng Z, Yu Z, Sun S, Lin B, Liu X, Liu P. Catalyst-Free α- trans-Selective Hydroboration and ( E)-Selective Deuterated Semihydrogenation of Alkynyl Sulfones. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8326-8333. [PMID: 38817078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Here, we present a straightforward α-trans-selective hydroboration of alkynyl sulfones with NHC-boranes without the need for a catalyst. This reaction is compatible with a wide range of substrates for efficiently producing structurally diverse α-borylated vinyl sulfones in satisfactory yields. The hydride transfer from NHC-borane 2a to alkynyl triflone 1b is studied by density functional theory (DFT) calculations for trans-hydroboration. Moreover, a regiodivergent deuterated semihydrogenation of alkynyl triflones has also been developed using D2O as the deuterium source. A variety of diversity-oriented D-containing vinyl triflones were prepared in good to excellent yields with excellent deuterium incorporation ratios. Synthetic manipulations of the deuterated products are achieved for the conversion into valuable deuterated molecules, indicating the utility of this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunnan Duan
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Zhouqing Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Zhiwei Yu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shitao Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bin Lin
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaozu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Peijun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
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3
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Yan Y, Hao J, Peng Y, Yin M, Jing L, Han P. Electrochemical benzylic deuteration of p-QMs enabling the synthesis of benzylic deuterated diarylmethanes. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4047-4051. [PMID: 38712523 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00537f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Herein, electroreductive umpolung benzylic deuteration of p-QMs using cheap and easily accessible D2O as a deuterium source is reported. Various value-added benzylic deuterated diarylmethanes can be synthesized without the requirement of noble metal catalysts, redox reagents, and strong bases. The establishment of this protocol will provide an alternative strategy for acquiring benzylic deuterated diarylmethanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunying Yan
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China.
| | - Jianjun Hao
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China.
| | - Yulin Peng
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China.
| | - Mengyun Yin
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China.
| | - Linhai Jing
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China.
| | - Pan Han
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China.
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Liu C, Chen F, Zhao BH, Wu Y, Zhang B. Electrochemical hydrogenation and oxidation of organic species involving water. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:277-293. [PMID: 38528116 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00589-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Fossil fuel-driven thermochemical hydrogenation and oxidation using high-pressure H2 and O2 are still popular but energy-intensive CO2-emitting processes. At present, developing renewable energy-powered electrochemical technologies, especially those using clean, safe and easy-to-handle reducing agents and oxidants for organic hydrogenation and oxidation reactions, is urgently needed. Water is an ideal carrier of hydrogen and oxygen. Electrochemistry provides a powerful route to drive water splitting under ambient conditions. Thus, electrochemical hydrogenation and oxidation transformations involving water as the hydrogen source and oxidant, respectively, have been developed to be mild and efficient tools to synthesize organic hydrogenated and oxidized products. In this Review, we highlight the advances in water-participating electrochemical hydrogenation and oxidation reactions of representative organic molecules. Typical electrode materials, performance metrics and key characterization techniques are firstly introduced. General electrocatalyst design principles and controlling the microenvironment for promoting hydrogenation and oxygenation reactions involving water are summarized. Furthermore, paired hydrogenation and oxidation reactions are briefly introduced before finally discussing the challenges and future opportunities of this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuibo Liu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fanpeng Chen
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo-Hang Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongmeng Wu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
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Sahroni I, Kodama T, Ahmad MS, Nakahara T, Inomata Y, Kida T. Graphene Oxide Membrane Reactor for Electrochemical Deuteration Reactions. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:3590-3597. [PMID: 38489112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The deuteration of organic molecules is considerably important in organic and medicinal chemistry. An electrochemical membrane reactor using proton-conducting graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets was developed to synthesize valuable deuterium-labeled products via an efficient hydrogen-to-deuterium (H/D) exchange under mild conditions at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. Deuterons (D+) formed by the anodic oxidation of heavy water (D2O) at the Pt/C anode permeate through the GO membrane to the Pt/C cathode, where organic molecules with functional groups (C≡C and C═O) are deuterated with adsorbed atomic D species. Deuteration occurs in outstanding yields with high levels of D incorporation. We also achieved the electrodeuteration of a drug molecule, ibuprofen, demonstrating the promising feasibility of the GO membrane reactor in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imam Sahroni
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8655, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55584, Indonesia
| | - Taiga Kodama
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8655, Japan
| | - Muhammad Sohail Ahmad
- Institute of Industrial Nanomaterials (IINa), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Takeru Nakahara
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8655, Japan
| | - Yusuke Inomata
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8655, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kida
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8655, Japan
- Institute of Industrial Nanomaterials (IINa), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
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Rosales J, Jiménez T, Chahboun R, Huertos MA, Millán A, Justicia J. Mild and Selective Hydrogenation of Unsaturated Compounds Using Mn/Water as a Hydrogen Gas Source. Org Lett 2024; 26:2147-2151. [PMID: 38096174 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
A mild and highly selective reduction of alkenes and alkynes using Mn/water is described. The highly controlled generation of H2 allows the selective reduction of these compounds in the presence of labile functional groups under mild and environmentally acceptable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Rosales
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, C. U. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Tania Jiménez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, C. U. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Rachid Chahboun
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, C. U. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel A Huertos
- University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alba Millán
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, C. U. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - José Justicia
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, C. U. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Gregori BJ, Schmotz MWS, Jacobi von Wangelin A. Stereoselective Semi-Hydrogenations of Alkynes by First-Row (3d) Transition Metal Catalysts. ChemCatChem 2022; 14:e202200886. [PMID: 36632425 PMCID: PMC9825939 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The chemo- and stereoselective semi-hydrogenation of alkynes to alkenes is a fundamental transformation in synthetic chemistry, for which the use of precious 4d or 5d metal catalysts is well-established. In mankind's unwavering quest for sustainability, research focus has considerably veered towards the 3d metals. Given their high abundancy and availability as well as lower toxicity and noxiousness, they are undoubtedly attractive from both an economic and an environmental perspective. Herein, we wish to present noteworthy and groundbreaking examples for the use of 3d metal catalysts for diastereoselective alkyne semi-hydrogenation as we embark on a journey through the first-row transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard J. Gregori
- Dept. of ChemistryUniversity of HamburgMartin Luther King Pl 620146HamburgGermany
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Lee MY, Kahl C, Kaeffer N, Leitner W. Electrocatalytic Semihydrogenation of Alkynes with [Ni(bpy) 3] 2. JACS AU 2022; 2:573-578. [PMID: 35373211 PMCID: PMC8970006 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrifying the production of base and fine chemicals calls for the development of electrocatalytic methodologies for these transformations. We show here that the semihydrogenation of alkynes, an important transformation in organic synthesis, is electrocatalyzed at room temperature by a simple complex of earth-abundant nickel, [Ni(bpy)3]2+. The approach operates under mild conditions and is selective toward the semihydrogenated olefins with good to very good Z isomer stereoselectivity. (Spectro)electrochemistry supports that the electrocatalytic cycle is initiated in an atypical manner with a nickelacyclopropene complex, which upon further protonation is converted into a putative cationic Ni(II)-vinyl intermediate that produces the olefin after electron-proton uptake. This work establishes a proof of concept for homogeneous electrocatalysis applied to alkyne semihydrogenation, with opportunities to improve the yields and stereoselectivity.
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