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Tirado TC, Machado KC, Shigunov P, Batista M, Figueiredo FB. A peptide dataset for target analysis of human complement system proteins. Data Brief 2024; 53:110217. [PMID: 38445196 PMCID: PMC10912339 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2024.110217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The targeted LC-MS/MS method has been widely applied for peptide quantification, offering sensibility, specificity, and reproducibility to the analysis. However, it requires the prior selection of targets, including the construction of a spectral library. Here, we present a dataset comprising peptide mass spectra for targeted LC-MS/MS method setup, applied to a set of human complement system proteins. Additionally, we selected a group of peptides and demonstrated their stability and reproducibility in quantification. This dataset is invaluable for studies aiming at the quantification of the complement system proteins by targeted LC-MS/MS, as it provides data for spectral library construction and a list of selected peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Cristina Tirado
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCruz), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- Laboratório de Referência em Leishmanioses, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCruz), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Kelly Cavalcanti Machado
- Plataforma de Espectrometria de Massas RPT02H, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCruz), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Shigunov
- Laboratório de Biologia Básica de Células-Tronco, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCruz), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Michel Batista
- Plataforma de Espectrometria de Massas RPT02H, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCruz), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Borges Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCruz), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- Laboratório de Referência em Leishmanioses, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCruz), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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2
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Holers VM. Complement therapeutics are coming of age in rheumatology. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023; 19:470-485. [PMID: 37337038 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-023-00981-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The complement system was described over 100 years ago, and it is well established that activation of this pathway accompanies the great majority of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In addition, over three decades of work in murine models of human disease have nearly universally demonstrated that complement activation is upstream of tissue injury and the engagement of pro-inflammatory mechanisms such as the elaboration of cytokines and chemokines, as well as myeloid cell recruitment and activation. With that background, and taking advantage of advances in the development of biologic and small-molecule therapeutics, the creation and clinical evaluation of complement therapeutics is now rapidly expanding. This article reviews the current state of the complement therapeutics field, with a focus on their use in diseases cared for or consulted upon by rheumatologists. Included is an overview of the activation mechanisms and components of the system, in addition to the mechanisms by which the complement system interacts with other immune system constituents. The various therapeutic approaches to modulating the system in rheumatic and autoimmune diseases are reviewed. To understand how best to clinically assess the complement system, methods of its evaluation are described. Finally, next-generation therapeutic and diagnostic advances that can be envisioned for the future are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Michael Holers
- Medicine/Rheumatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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3
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Balduit A, Bianco AM, Mangogna A, Zicari AM, Leonardi L, Cinicola BL, Capponi M, Tommasini A, Agostinis C, d’Adamo AP, Bulla R. Genetic bases of C7 deficiency: systematic review and report of a novel deletion determining functional hemizygosity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1192690. [PMID: 37304269 PMCID: PMC10248053 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1192690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary complement system (C) deficiencies are rare but notably associated with an increased risk of infections, autoimmunity, or immune disorders. Patients with terminal pathway C-deficiency have a 1,000- to 10,000-fold-higher risk of Neisseria meningitidis infections and should be therefore promptly identified to minimize the likelihood of further infections and to favor vaccination. In this paper, we performed a systematic review about clinical and genetic patterns of C7 deficiency starting from the case of a ten-year old boy infected by Neisseria meningitidis B and with clinical presentation suggestive of reduced C activity. Functional assay via Wieslab ELISA Kit confirmed a reduction in total C activity of the classical (0.6% activity), lectin (0.2% activity) and alternative (0.1% activity) pathways. Western blot analysis revealed the absence of C7 in patient serum. Sanger sequencing of genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood of the patient allowed the identification of two pathogenetic variants in the C7 gene: the already well-characterized missense mutation G379R and a novel heterozygous deletion of three nucleotides located at the 3'UTR (c.*99_*101delTCT). This mutation resulted in an instability of the mRNA; thus, only the allele containing the missense mutation was expressed, making the proband a functional hemizygote for the expression of the mutated C7 allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Balduit
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Anna Monica Bianco
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mangogna
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Zicari
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Leonardi
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Bianca Laura Cinicola
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Capponi
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Tommasini
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Chiara Agostinis
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Adamo Pio d’Adamo
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Roberta Bulla
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Acar IE, Willems E, Kersten E, Keizer-Garritsen J, Kragt E, Bakker B, Galesloot TE, Hoyng CB, Fauser S, van Gool AJ, Lechanteur YTE, Koertvely E, Nogoceke E, Gloerich J, de Jonge MI, Lorés-Motta L, den Hollander AI. Semi-Quantitative Multiplex Profiling of the Complement System Identifies Associations of Complement Proteins with Genetic Variants and Metabolites in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11121256. [PMID: 34945728 PMCID: PMC8705464 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11121256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of vision loss among the elderly in the Western world. The complement system has been identified as one of the main AMD disease pathways. We performed a comprehensive expression analysis of 32 complement proteins in plasma samples of 255 AMD patients and 221 control individuals using mass spectrometry-based semi-quantitative multiplex profiling. We detected significant associations of complement protein levels with age, sex and body-mass index (BMI), and potential associations of C-reactive protein, factor H related-2 (FHR-2) and collectin-11 with AMD. In addition, we confirmed previously described associations and identified new associations of AMD variants with complement levels. New associations include increased C4 levels for rs181705462 at the C2/CFB locus, decreased vitronectin (VTN) levels for rs11080055 at the TMEM97/VTN locus and decreased factor I levels for rs10033900 at the CFI locus. Finally, we detected significant associations between AMD-associated metabolites and complement proteins in plasma. The most significant complement-metabolite associations included increased high density lipoprotein (HDL) subparticle levels with decreased C3, factor H (FH) and VTN levels. The results of our study indicate that demographic factors, genetic variants and circulating metabolites are associated with complement protein components. We suggest that these factors should be considered to design personalized treatment approaches and to increase the success of clinical trials targeting the complement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Erkin Acar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (I.E.A.); (E.K.); (B.B.); (C.B.H.); (Y.T.E.L.); (L.L.-M.)
| | - Esther Willems
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (E.W.); (M.I.d.J.)
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (J.K.-G.); (E.K.); (A.J.v.G.); (J.G.)
| | - Eveline Kersten
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (I.E.A.); (E.K.); (B.B.); (C.B.H.); (Y.T.E.L.); (L.L.-M.)
| | - Jenneke Keizer-Garritsen
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (J.K.-G.); (E.K.); (A.J.v.G.); (J.G.)
| | - Else Kragt
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (J.K.-G.); (E.K.); (A.J.v.G.); (J.G.)
| | - Bjorn Bakker
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (I.E.A.); (E.K.); (B.B.); (C.B.H.); (Y.T.E.L.); (L.L.-M.)
| | - Tessel E. Galesloot
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Carel B. Hoyng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (I.E.A.); (E.K.); (B.B.); (C.B.H.); (Y.T.E.L.); (L.L.-M.)
| | - Sascha Fauser
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 124 Grenzacherstrasse, 4070 Basel, Switzerland; (S.F.); (E.K.); (E.N.)
| | - Alain J. van Gool
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (J.K.-G.); (E.K.); (A.J.v.G.); (J.G.)
| | - Yara T. E. Lechanteur
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (I.E.A.); (E.K.); (B.B.); (C.B.H.); (Y.T.E.L.); (L.L.-M.)
| | - Elod Koertvely
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 124 Grenzacherstrasse, 4070 Basel, Switzerland; (S.F.); (E.K.); (E.N.)
| | - Everson Nogoceke
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 124 Grenzacherstrasse, 4070 Basel, Switzerland; (S.F.); (E.K.); (E.N.)
| | - Jolein Gloerich
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (J.K.-G.); (E.K.); (A.J.v.G.); (J.G.)
| | - Marien I. de Jonge
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (E.W.); (M.I.d.J.)
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Lorés-Motta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (I.E.A.); (E.K.); (B.B.); (C.B.H.); (Y.T.E.L.); (L.L.-M.)
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 124 Grenzacherstrasse, 4070 Basel, Switzerland; (S.F.); (E.K.); (E.N.)
| | - Anneke I. den Hollander
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (I.E.A.); (E.K.); (B.B.); (C.B.H.); (Y.T.E.L.); (L.L.-M.)
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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5
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Prohászka Z, Frazer-Abel A. Complement multiplex testing: Concept, promises and pitfalls. Mol Immunol 2021; 140:120-126. [PMID: 34688958 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Complement is a complex system. This complexity becomes more obvious when looking at complement analysis in health and disease, where one presentation can require a number of measurements to understand the full role of this cascade in the disease. The current state of clinical testing requires multiple tests to cover the whole of the complement cascade. There is a clear potential for multiplex testing to help address this need for comprehensive analysis of the state of complement deficiency, activation or inhibition. Fortunately, there are a number of potential methods for multiplex analysis, each with advantages and disadvantages that need to be considered in light of the intricacy of the complement cascade and its interconnection to other systems. Despite the complexities of such methods several groups have started utilizing multiplex analysis for research and even for diagnostic testing. The potential methods, current successes, and the type of testing that needs to be streamlined are reviewed in this text.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Prohászka
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, and Research Group for Immunology and Haematology, Semmelweis University- EötvösLoránd Research Network (Office for Supported Research Groups), Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ashley Frazer-Abel
- Exsera BioLabs, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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6
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Afanasyeva TAV, Corral-Serrano JC, Garanto A, Roepman R, Cheetham ME, Collin RWJ. A look into retinal organoids: methods, analytical techniques, and applications. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6505-6532. [PMID: 34420069 PMCID: PMC8558279 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03917-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) cause progressive loss of light-sensitive photoreceptors in the eye and can lead to blindness. Gene-based therapies for IRDs have shown remarkable progress in the past decade, but the vast majority of forms remain untreatable. In the era of personalised medicine, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) emerge as a valuable system for cell replacement and to model IRD because they retain the specific patient genome and can differentiate into any adult cell type. Three-dimensional (3D) iPSCs-derived retina-like tissue called retinal organoid contains all major retina-specific cell types: amacrine, bipolar, horizontal, retinal ganglion cells, Müller glia, as well as rod and cone photoreceptors. Here, we describe the main applications of retinal organoids and provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-art analysis methods that apply to this model system. Finally, we will discuss the outlook for improvements that would bring the cellular model a step closer to become an established system in research and treatment development of IRDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess A V Afanasyeva
- Department of Human Genetics and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Alejandro Garanto
- Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Roepman
- Department of Human Genetics and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael E Cheetham
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK.
| | - Rob W J Collin
- Department of Human Genetics and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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7
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Frazer-Abel A, Kirschfink M, Prohászka Z. Expanding Horizons in Complement Analysis and Quality Control. Front Immunol 2021; 12:697313. [PMID: 34434189 PMCID: PMC8381195 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.697313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Complement not only plays a key role in host microbial defense but also modulates the adaptive immune response through modification of T- and B-cell reactivity. Moreover, a normally functioning complement system participates in hematopoiesis, reproduction, lipid metabolism, and tissue regeneration. Because of its powerful inflammatory potential, multiple regulatory proteins are needed to prevent potential tissue damage. In clinical practice, dysregulation and overactivation of the complement system are major causes of a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases ranging from nephropathies, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to graft rejection, sepsis, and multi-organ failure. The clinical importance is reflected by the recent development of multiple drugs targeting complement with a broad spectrum of indications. The recognition of the role of complement in diverse diseases and the advent of complement therapeutics has increased the number of laboratories and suppliers entering the field. This has highlighted the need for reliable complement testing. The relatively rapid expansion in complement testing has presented challenges for a previously niche field. This is exemplified by the issue of cross-reactivity of complement-directed antibodies and by the challenges of the poor stability of many of the complement analytes. The complex nature of complement testing and increasing clinical demand has been met in the last decade by efforts to improve the standardization among laboratories. Initiated by the IUIS/ICS Committee for the Standardization and Quality Assessment in Complement Measurements 14 rounds of external quality assessment since 2010 resulted in improvements in the consistency of testing across participating institutions, while extending the global reach of the efforts to more than 200 laboratories in 30 countries. Worldwide trends of assay availability, usage, and analytical performance are summarized based on the past years’ experiences. Progress in complement analysis has been facilitated by the quality assessment and standardization efforts that now allow complement testing to provide a comprehensive insight into deficiencies and the activation state of the system. This in turn enables clinicians to better define disease severity, evolution, and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zoltán Prohászka
- Department of Medicine and Hematology, Research Laboratory Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Langereis JD, van der Molen RG, de Kat Angelino C, Henriet SS, de Jonge MI, Joosten I, Simons A, Schuurs-Hoeijmakers JH, van Deuren M, van Aerde K, van der Flier M. Complement factor D haplodeficiency is associated with a reduced complement activation speed and diminished bacterial killing. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1256. [PMID: 33841879 PMCID: PMC8019133 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Complete deficiency of alternative pathway (AP) complement factors, explained by homozygous mutations, is a well‐known risk factor for invasive bacterial infections; however, this is less obvious for heterozygous mutations. We describe two siblings with a heterozygous NM_001928.3(CFD):c.125C>A p.(Ser42*) mutation in the complement factor D (fD) gene having a history of recurrent bacterial infections. We determined the effect of heterozygous fD deficiency on AP complement activity. Methods We determined the effect of fD levels on complement activation as measured by AP activity, complement C3 binding to the bacterial surface of Neisseria meningitidis (Nm), Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp) and non‐typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), and complement‐mediated killing of Nm and NTHi. In addition, we measured the effect of vaccination of complement C3 binding to the bacterial surface and killing of Nm. Results Reconstitution of fD‐deficient serum with fD increased AP activity in a dose‐ and time‐dependent way. Reconstitution of patient serum with fD to normal levels increased complement C3 binding to Sp, Nm and NTHi, as well as complement‐mediated killing of Nm and NTHi. Vaccination increased complement C3 binding and resulted in complete killing of Nm without fD reconstitution. Conclusion We conclude that low fD serum levels (< 0.5 μg mL−1) lead to a reduced speed of complement activation, which results in diminished bacterial killing, consistent with recurrent bacterial infections observed in our index patients. Specific antibodies induced by vaccination are able to overcome the diminished bacterial killing capacity in patients with low fD levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen D Langereis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Laboratory of Medical Immunology Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences Radboudumc Nijmegen The Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases Radboudumc Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Renate G van der Molen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Laboratory of Medical Immunology Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences Radboudumc Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Corrie de Kat Angelino
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Laboratory of Medical Immunology Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences Radboudumc Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Stefanie S Henriet
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology Amalia Children's Hospital Nijmegen The Netherlands.,Expertise Center for Immunodeficiency and Autoinflammation (REIA) Radboudumc Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Marien I de Jonge
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Laboratory of Medical Immunology Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences Radboudumc Nijmegen The Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases Radboudumc Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Irma Joosten
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Laboratory of Medical Immunology Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences Radboudumc Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Annet Simons
- Department of Human Genetics Radboudumc Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | | | - Marcel van Deuren
- Expertise Center for Immunodeficiency and Autoinflammation (REIA) Radboudumc Nijmegen The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases Radboudumc Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Koen van Aerde
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology Amalia Children's Hospital Nijmegen The Netherlands.,Expertise Center for Immunodeficiency and Autoinflammation (REIA) Radboudumc Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Michiel van der Flier
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology Amalia Children's Hospital Nijmegen The Netherlands.,Expertise Center for Immunodeficiency and Autoinflammation (REIA) Radboudumc Nijmegen The Netherlands.,Present address: Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology Wilhelmina Children's Hospital UMC Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
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